Perceived ethnic superiority and immigrants' attitudes towards multiculturalism and the national majority

Peer reviewe

Charakterisierung und Modellierung der Steifigkeit von langfaserverstärktem Polypropylen

Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse wird verwendet um die temperaturabhängige, anisotrope viskoelastische Steifigkeit, Schädigungsinduzierte Steifigkeitsdegradation sowie physikalische Alterung von Polypropylen und dem im Fließpressverfahren hergestellten langfaserverstärkten Polypropylen zu untersuchen. Basierend auf Mikro-Computertomographiedaten wird die Approximation linear elastischer Eigenschaften unter Verwendung der Mori-Tanaka-Methode dargestellt

Identity- and contact-related determinants of reciprocal intergroup relations in ethno-culturally diverse societies

The present cross-sectional study investigates the reciprocity of ethnic relations in Finland and the role this reciprocity plays in the development of an inclusive integration context characterised by positive intergroup attitudes, and support for multiculturalism and for the minority groups collective action. The theoretical framework builds on the social identity theory, the theory of acculturation and contact hypothesis. Identity- and contact-related predictors of the inclusive integration context are examined among Finns and among Russian and Estonian immigrants. First, this study sheds more light on intergroup attitudes in the context of immigration. High national identification of Finns and Russian immigrants elicited stronger psychological ownership of Finland. However, while strong ownership made the attitudes of Finns towards Russian immigrants more negative, among the Russian immigrants ownership was linked to more positive attitudes towards Finns. Positive contact with Finns elicited more positive attitudes towards this group, which in turn were linked to more favourable mutual attitudes among Estonian and Russian immigrants. The same association, but with a negative valence, was true for negative contact. Moreover, positive contact with Finns was linked to higher, and negative contact to lower, public collective self-esteem among low-status Russian immigrants but not among high-status Estonian immigrants; higher and lower public collective self-esteem was, in turn, respectively linked to more positive and more negative attitudes towards Estonian immigrants. Second, ethnic identification of Russian immigrants fostered support for multiculturalism only when ethnic superiority of the ingroup was not perceived. Third, among Finns the perception of Russian immigrants preserving more of their culture than Finns would prefer, elicited stronger anxiety and lowered trust, these factors both in turn being related to lower support for collective action of Russian immigrants. When Russian immigrants perceived that they were not allowed by Finns to preserve as much of their culture as they wished, outgroup trust declined and strengthened support for the ingroup s collective action. This study shows that the inclusive integration context does not develop in a social vacuum and provides strong evidence on the importance of the reciprocity of multidimensional intergroup relations in diverse societies.Tämä poikkileikkaustutkimus tarkastelee etnisten ryhmäsuhteiden vastavuoroisuutta Suomessa sekä tämän vastavuoroisuuden roolia inklusiivisen integraatiokontekstin kehittymisessä. Tätä inklusiivista integraatiokontekstia määrittävät myönteiset ryhmienväliset asenteet, monikulttuurisuusideologian kannattaminen sekä vähemmistöryhmien kollektiiviselle toiminnalle annettu tuki. Inklusiivisen integraatiokontekstin identiteettiin ja kontaktiin liittyviä ennustajia tarkasteltiin suomalaisen enemmistöryhmän sekä venäläisten ja virolaisten maahanmuuttajien keskuudessa. Suomalaisten sekä Suomessa asuvien venäläisten voimakas kansallinen identifioituminen Suomeen sai aikaan kokemuksen psykologisesta omistajuudesta, mikä puolestaan ennusti ryhmien keskinäisiä asenteita. Myönteinen kontakti suomalaisten kanssa sai aikaan myönteisempiä asenteita suomalaisia kohtaan, mutta oli tämän lisäksi yhteydessä myös myönteisempiin keskinäisiin asenteisiin venäläisten ja virolaisten maahanmuuttajien välillä; kielteisen kontaktin vaikutus oli puolestaan päinvastainen. Heikossa sosiaalisessa asemassa olevilla venäläisillä maahanmuuttajilla kontaktin ja ulkoryhmäasenteiden välinen yhteys välittyi lisäksi sisäryhmän kollektiivisen itsetunnon kautta. Venäläisten maahanmuuttajien etninen identifikaatio edisti monikulttuurisuusideologian kannattamista ainoastaan silloin, kun oman etnisen ryhmän ei koettu olevan yhteiskunnassa muita ryhmiä ylempänä. Suomalaisilla sekä Suomessa asuvilla venäläisillä maahanmuuttajilla koettu kulttuurinen diskordanssi sekä siitä seuraavat ryhmienväliset ahdistuksen kokemukset ja luottamus olivat yhteydessä venäläisten maahanmuuttajien kollektiiviselle toiminnalle annettuun tukeen. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa, että inklusiivinen integraatiokonteksti ei kehity sosiaalisessa tyhjiössä, sekä tarjoaa vahvaa näyttöä moniulotteisten ryhmäsuhteiden vastavuoroisuuden tärkeydestä monimuotoisissa yhteiskunnissa

National Identification and Intergroup Attitudes Among Members of the National Majority and Immigrants: Preliminary Evidence for the Mediational Role of Psychological Ownership of a Country

In this study, we examined whether psychological ownership of the country one lives in (in this case, Finland) mediates the relationship between national identification and intergroup attitudes among majority and minority group members (N = 647; Finns, n = 334, Russian-speaking immigrants, n = 313). Consistent with our predictions, both majority group members and immigrants whose national identification was strong experienced greater psychological ownership of Finland; as expected, this relationship was more pronounced among majority group members. Higher psychological ownership, in turn, was associated with less positive attitudes towards Russian-speaking immigrants among majority Finns but more positive attitudes towards Finns among immigrants. The findings also showed that among immigrants, the relationship between national identification and psychological ownership is likely to be reciprocal, with national identification similarly mediating the association between psychological ownership and attitudes towards members of the national group. No support for such reciprocity between national identification and psychological ownership was found among members of the majority group.Peer reviewe

What is the social impact resulting from the expenditure on cadets? An Interim report - 2017

The financial value of every aspect of social impact delivered by the four MOD-sponsored Cadet Forces is not possible to quantify exactly (future reports will improve the reporting of financial benefit). However, the evidence gathered for this interim report clearly demonstrates that the value of the social impact that Cadet Forces deliver is vastly greater than the annual cost of the Cadet Forces to the Defence budget. These benefits go across Government departments and are clearly relevant to Defence, Education, Social Services, HMRC and the Cabinet Office. Cadet Forces deliver impact that is directly relevant to the Prime Minister’s vision of a “shared society” and clearly contribute to increasing social mobility and decreasing social disadvantage. Specifically, the research to date has identified that: Cadet Forces are effective at supporting children that receive Free School Meals (FSM) to achieve their potential. The potential saving to the UK that the Cadet Forces make by supporting, encouraging and developing current cadets that are FSM children, is greater than twice the amount which MOD spends annually on cadets. A study carried out in Greater Manchester strongly indicates that children that have been excluded from school and who join cadets are statistically significantly more likely to have improved attendance and behaviour on their return to education. The savings to the education budget of these social impacts are potentially huge. The Cadet Forces have a significant impact on making communities more inclusive. It is clear that cadet detachments enable people to overcome disadvantages in a way that schools do not. For most people, Sea, Army and Air Cadets are the visible face of the Armed Forces in the Community. The activities that cadets and Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs) carry out as they deliver military values, results in increased recognition and awareness of our Armed Forces and improved respect for veterans. The formal training provided by all Cadet Forces is highly regarded. There is a very strong belief that CVQO courses have great value for CFAVs. They are deemed particularly useful for those adult volunteers with few or no qualifications. The qualifications and awards that adult volunteers have gained are estimated as providing the current adult volunteers with potential lifetime earnings increase of £15.58 million. Many adult volunteers gain significant personal and social benefits from being involved with cadets. The Sea Cadet Corps, the Combined Cadet Force, the Army Cadet Force; and the Air Training Corps. This is based upon an analysis of 338 CFAVs who gained accredited qualifications of NVQ Level 2 or higher. This does not include the other 186,000 qualifications gained since 1965. See Section 4.4 in the Methodology Paper for more information. Serving soldiers that were cadets have: higher self-efficacy; are four times more likely to be a SNCO or officer than non-cadets; and serve at least six years longer on average than non- cadets. Furthermore, 94% of serving soldiers that were cadets said it had ‘positively’ helped their Army career, and 25% of them stated that being a cadet had been “very useful” to their career. Moreover, serving soldiers that were cadets reported that the main personality traits that had been developed by their experiences in the Army Cadet Force (ACF) or Combined Cadet Force (CCF) were leadership and self-discipline.The development of communication, confidence and leadership skills that all four Cadet Forces deliver, are valued by cadets, parents, educational organisations, and employers. This skills development underpins all of the social impact that the Cadet Forces deliver

Neural Deformable Cone Beam CT

In oral and maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), patient motion is frequently observed and, if not accounted for, can severely affect the usability of the acquired images. We propose a highly flexible, data driven motion correction and reconstruction method which combines neural inverse rendering in a CBCT setting with a neural deformation field. We jointly optimize a lightweight coordinate based representation of the 3D volume together with a deformation network. This allows our method to generate high quality results while accurately representing occurring patient movements, such as head movements, separate jaw movements or swallowing. We evaluate our method in synthetic and clinical scenarios and are able to produce artefact-free reconstructions even in the presence of severe motion. While our approach is primarily developed for maxillofacial applications, we do not restrict the deformation field to certain kinds of motion. We demonstrate its flexibility by applying it to other scenarios, such as 4D lung scans or industrial tomography settings, achieving state-of-the art results within minutes with only minimal adjustments

The majority influence on interminority attitudes : The secondary transfer effect of positive and negative contact

Among minority members, positive contact with the majority was previously found to improve not only the attitudes towards the majority but also the attitudes towards minority outgroups (the secondary transfer effect; STE). However, the role of negative intergroup contact and ingroups' social status in a receiving society in the development of the STE have not been yet examined. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the association between positive and negative contact with the national majority group (Finns) and mutual attitudes among high-status Estonian (n = 171) and low-status Russian (n = 180) immigrants in Finland. Two mediators of the STE were tested: attitudes toward the majority (attitude generalisation) and collective self-esteem (diagonal hostility). While positive and negative STEs emerging via attitude generalisation were expected to occur among both immigrant groups, the mediating effect of collective self-esteem was assumed only for members of the low-status group. Among members of both groups, the relationship between positive contact with majority members and attitudes towards the other immigrant group was positive and indirect, and occurred through more favourable attitudes towards majority members. The same mechanism was followed by negative contact, where the indirect effect was mediated by less positive attitudes towards Finns. As predicted, collective self-esteem mediated the effects of positive and negative contact with majority members on attitudes towards the other minority only among low-status Russian immigrants. The results call for the acknowledgement of different mechanisms underlying the development of the STE among minority groups enjoying different social status in host society.Peer reviewe

What is the social impact of the expenditure on the Cadet Forces. Second interim report 2018.

This is the second interim annual report from a four-year longitudinal study of the social impact resulting from the Ministry of Defence’s expenditure on cadets. The key themes covered by this report relate to Social Mobility and cadets’ attendance, behaviour, and attitude at school. The report includes the views of schools, Ofsted and Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs) on the benefits of cadets. In addition, this report comments on findings on the value and contribution of adult volunteers, cadets’ health and wellbeing including special educational needs and disability, and the role which cadets can play in improving community cohesion. The report is based on data gathered from 202 in-depth interviews and 3,753 responses to questionnaire