Exploring the Requirements of the Mycobacterium Phage Brujita Integrase

Temperate phages establish lysogeny and immunity to superinfection upon phage integration. Brujita Integrase (Int) is a model for a recently discovered subclass of tyrosine integrases, which lack traditional N-terminal arm-binding domains and contain additional C-terminal degradation tags. Typically, the arm-binding domain recognizes binding sites in the phage attachment DNA (attP) and serves to control the directionality in integration and excision. The absence of this domain raises the question of how Brujita Int binds attachment site substrates to control site selectivity and directionality. In this work, we describe the DNA and protein requirements for Brujita Int function, how it implements site selection, directionality control, and higher order complex formation. We show that Brujita Int is a simple recombinase, which resembles Cre, FLP, and XerC/D more closely than it does the tyrosine phage integrases. In contrast to Lambda Int, Brujita Int uses small DNA substrates, does not discriminate between attP and attB sites, and lacks directional control. It also shows unusual binding to its attachment sites. Binding to attB occurs at two half sites, B and B’ in a cooperative manner, such that binding at B’ is required for binding at B. Binding to attP is also unusual. The attP site is comprised of three half sites, P, P’, and an additional site to the left of P, P1. However, binding is not detected at P, although this site is required for recombination. Additionally, P1 is required for recombination, presumably to stabilize binding at P. Finally, we have solved the crystal structure of the Brujita Int and have found residues responsible for higher order complex formation. In total, our results indicate that Brujita Int may represent an evolutionary precursor to the canonical tyrosine integrases. Moreover, given its relative simplicity, Brujita Int presents a useful tool for the creation of synthetic genetic circuits as well as genome manipulation

Consensus statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance

Fair and meaningful device per- formance comparison among luminescent solar concentrator- photovoltaic (LSC-PV) reports cannot be realized without a gen- eral consensus on reporting stan- dards in LSC-PV research. There- fore, it is imperative to adopt standardized characterization protocols for these emerging types of PV devices that are consistent with other PV devices. This commentary highlights several common limitations in LSC literature and summarizes the best practices moving for- ward to harmonize with standard PV reporting, considering the greater nuances present with LSC-PV. Based on these prac- tices, a checklist of actionable items is provided to help stan- dardize the characterization/re- porting protocols and offer a set of baseline expectations for au- thors, reviewers, and editors. The general consensus combined with the checklist will ultimately guide LSC-PV research towards reliable and meaningful ad- vances

Consensus statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance

Fair and meaningful device performance comparison among luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic (LSC-PV) reports cannot be realized without a general consensus on reporting standards in LSC-PV research. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt standardized characterization protocols for these emerging types of PV devices that are consistent with other PV devices. This commentary highlights several common limitations in LSC literature and summarizes the best practices moving forward to harmonize with standard PV reporting, considering the greater nuances present with LSC-PV. Based on these practices, a checklist of actionable items is provided to help standardize the characterization/reporting protocols and offer a set of baseline expectations for authors, reviewers, and editors. The general consensus combined with the checklist will ultimately guide LSC-PV research towards reliable and meaningful advances

Consensus statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance

Fair and meaningful device performance comparison among luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic (LSC-PV) reports cannot be realized without a general consensus on reporting standards in LSC-PV research. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt standardized characterization protocols for these emerging types of PV devices that are consistent with other PV devices. This commentary highlights several common limitations in LSC literature and summarizes the best practices moving forward to harmonize with standard PV reporting, considering the greater nuances present with LSC-PV. Based on these practices, a checklist of actionable items is provided to help standardize the characterization/reporting protocols and offer a set of baseline expectations for authors, reviewers, and editors. The general consensus combined with the checklist will ultimately guide LSC-PV research towards reliable and meaningful advances

Consensus statement: Standardized reporting of power-producing luminescent solar concentrator performance

Fair and meaningful device performance comparison among luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic (LSC-PV) reports cannot be realized without a general consensus on reporting standards in LSC-PV research. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt standardized characterization protocols for these emerging types of PV devices that are consistent with other PV devices. This commentary highlights several common limitations in LSC literature and summarizes the best practices moving forward to harmonize with standard PV reporting, considering the greater nuances present with LSC-PV. Based on these practices, a checklist of actionable items is provided to help standardize the characterization/reporting protocols and offer a set of baseline expectations for authors, reviewers, and editors. The general consensus combined with the checklist will ultimately guide LSC-PV research towards reliable and meaningful advances