The Captive Behaviour and Reproduction of Goeldi's Monkey <i>Callimico goeldii</i>

Behaviour and reproduction of Goeldi's monkey Callimico goeldii were studied over a 5-year period at the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust. The investigation comprised a study of female reproductive hormones during pregnancy and the non-pregnant phase; a study of pair bonding in newly-established pairs, long-established pairs and breeding pairs rearing infants; a study of bonding in experimentally established male-female-female trios; and a study of infant rearing. The major urinary oestrogen metabolite was oestrone-3-glucuronide, and it was a good indicator of ovarian cycles and pregnancy. Ovarian cycle length was 24.1 ± 0.9 days. Gestation length was 145-152 days. Female proceptive behaviour was significantly elevated during ovulatory periods, but no significant change in male sexual behaviour was found across the female cycle, possibly indicating that ovulation was hidden from the male. In two of the three male-female-female trios both females conceived, but infants were reared in only one trio. In the third trio, reproductive suppression of the subordinate female occurred. All three trios were disbanded following serious fights between the females. Bond-promoting behaviour was primarily performed by the male and was reduced significantly in established pairs compared to new pairs. During the first six weeks of infant rearing bond-promoting behaviours were elevated almost to those of new pairs, although the infant, rather than the female, may have been the focus of the male's attention. There was little evidence for a lasting pair bond. In the male-female-female trios, the male associated with one female more than the other as measured by approaches, time in proximity and grooming. The preferred female was not necessarily the 'winner' of the fight between the two females. The female was the predominant infant caretaker, undertaking exclusive care for three to seven weeks. Even after extra-maternal care began, the female remained the major caretaker. Use of maternal time-budget modelling suggested that seven weeks may be the maximum time that a female can rear the infant unaided, coinciding with the approximate time of doubling of infant body mass. There was no evidence of competition among carers to carry the infant and most transfers were infant-initiated. The benefits of extra-maternal care were discussed. Allometric analysis of New World monkeys showed that Callimico may be unique in having a single relatively small infant. The other species considered have either a relatively large single infant, or two relatively small infants. Theories concerning the evolution of twinning among the Platyrrhini were discussed

Siloles Bearing Coordination-Active 2,5-Substituents: Synthesis, Reactivity, Structural and Spectral Properties.

Siloles, or silacyclopentadienes and other group 14 metalloles are structurally analogous to their all-carbon analogue, cyclopentadiene, except for the heavy group 14 element (i.e., Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) in the 1-position. The placement of the heavy element in this position allows for unique properties, such as high electron affinity, mobility, and bathochromically shifted optical spectra, as compared to cyclopentadienes, and the relatively low-lying lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) helps to account for these properties. The substituents about the silole have a significant impact on the electronics and properties observed, with 2,5-substituents inducing the most substantive changes. Even as many 2,5-substituents are known, and could possess potential to bind to metal cations, very few reports to date have studied metal binding effects on the optoelectronics of siloles. The goal of this investigation is to synthesize siloles with 2,5-substituents that could potentially coordinate metal centers, and study the optical changes upon addition of metal solutions. Several symmetric 2,5-substituted siloles were synthesized and characterized by various means, and showed modest to significant changes upon addition of metal centers. The most significant changes were observed with a p-dimethylaminophenyl substituted silole. The binding of this silole was studied in further detail through spectrophotometric titration, which suggested two binding events occurring at different locations on the silole. These studies also reveal the binding constant of the second, weaker binding event. The results of the studies suggest an appropriate explanation from the phenomenon of photoinduced-charge transfer, to which metal cations can significantly interfere, and helps to explain the changes in the spectral data observed. Additionally, the crystal structures of a series of germoles and germafluorenes have been acquired, and their packing affects with respect to potential for aggregation-induced emission studies are explored. The attempted synthesis of siloles with potential for “off-on” fluorescent behavior upon exposure to metals, as well as asymmetric 2,5-substituted siloles with coordinative ability, are also addressed, and briefly discussed

There Was A Time

[Verse 1] You say that you don’t want me anymore, My heart is sore, my dream is o’er You have no time for loving such as mine, And you never, never will no more; You say: “goodbye” without a sigh, But this you can’t deny: [Chorus] There was a time you used to love me, There was a time you used to say: “Come and cuddle little daddy, daddy do, Do you love your little huckleberry, do?” And then I knew I was your little huckleberry daddy, too, There was a time you used to cry for, You said you’d die for one kiss of mine, But one fine day you went and left me, But I’m here to tell you, cruel baby mine, There was a time. [Verse 2] When I awake and find that you’re not near, They’re going to hear, some crying, dear,I’ll show them how an aching heart can break, And they’re going to see me shed some tears, Don’t say to me; “It had to be,” I don’t want sympathy: [Chorus

Evaluation of telerobotic systems using an instrumented task board

An instrumented task board was developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). An overview of the task board design, and current development status is presented. The task board was originally developed to evaluate operator performance using the Protoflight Manipulator Arm (PFMA) at MSFC. The task board evaluates tasks for Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU), fluid connect and transfers, electrical connect/disconnect, bolt running, and other basic tasks. The instrumented task board measures the 3-D forces and torques placed on the board, determines the robot arm's 3-D position relative to the task board using IR optics, and provides the information in real-time. The PFMA joint input signals can also be measured from a breakout box to evaluate the sensitivity or response of the arm operation to control commands. The data processing system provides the capability for post processing of time-history graphics and plots of the PFMA positions, the operator's actions, and the PFMA servo reactions in addition to real-time force/torque data presentation. The instrumented task board's most promising use is developing benchmarks for NASA centers for comparison and evaluation of telerobotic performance

Girls: Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/3115/thumbnail.jp

Paleolimnological investigation of recent sediments from Lake Monroe, Florida, USA.

Sediments recovered in October 2003 from Lake Monroe, a hypereutrophic lake in central Florida, have been sub-sampled and analyzed for δ13C, δ15N, TC, TIC, TOC, and TN. A chronology of bulk sediment and nutrient accumulation was established by radiometric analyses (210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C), to aid in evaluating spatial and temporal patterns within the lake since development in the watershed began. A continuous 100- year sediment record from Lake Monroe shows significant changes in production, sedimentation, and nutrient abundance following land settlement in the mid 1800\u27s. Sediment nutrient and isotopic analyses demonstrate an increasing trend in nutrients, δ-values, and sediment accumulation relative to pre-disturbance deposits. The sediment geochemical record suggests increased production, possible nutrient limitation, and shifts in primary producer communities through time. The data demonstrates that these historic increases are a direct result of watershed development, land use alterations, and increased nutrient loading within the basin