Imperfect justice : Fritz Lang's Fury (1936) and cinema's use of the trial form

This essay examines Fritz Lang's portrayal and use of justice in his first Hollywood film, Fury (1936) a film in which the main character, Joe Wilson (played by Spencer Tracy) is mistakenly arrested for a crime he did not commit. Lang was one of many notable German émigrés who fled Nazi Germany for America and eventually Hollywood. He returned on several occasions to the theme of justice, which is my starting point for this article. Before analysing Fury in detail, in particular its final trial scene, the article compares the film briefly to other Lang films about the law such as Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. Lang's conception of justice differs from the dominant Hollywood view of the law, a realisation that is discussed in relation to other depictions of the law in Hollywood (such as Twelve Angry Men, To Kill a Mockingbird). In Lang's cinema, the law is not a fixed, stable and trustworthy institution, but rather one that is gullible and open to abuse. Lang places more faith in notions of personal moral justice, which win out in the end in Fury. This article also contextualises Fury and the work of Fritz Lang within existing discussions of the law and film, from which Lang is largely and notably absent

A SMARC Effect for Loudness

Various reports suggest that the pitch height of musical tones may be represented along a mental space, with lower pitch heights represented on the left or lower sectors and higher pitch heights represented on the right or upper sectors of the mental space. Given that in Western languages the loudness of tones is often addressed spatially, with loud sounds referred to as \u201chigh\u201d and quiet sounds referred to as \u201clow,\u201d here we investigated whether loudness might also have a spatial representation. Participants judged whether a tone was louder or quieter than a reference tone, by pressing two keys: one at the top and the other at the bottom of a response box. Participants were faster in a situation where they pressed the key at the top to report louder sounds, and the key at the bottom to report quieter sounds, than vice versa. This result supports the view that loudness, like other types of magnitudes, might be represented spatially

Performance of the CMS Pixel Detector at an upgraded LHC

The CMS experiment will include a pixel detector for pattern recognition and vertexing. It will consist of three barrel layers and two endcaps on each side, providing three space-points up to a pseudoraditity of 2.1. Taking into account the expected limitations of its performance in the LHC environment an 8-9 layer pixel detector for an upgraded LHC is discussed.Comment: Contribution to the 10th European Symposium on Semiconductor Detectors, June 12 - 16, 2005 in Wildbad Kreuth, Germany. 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Referee's comments implemente

Aménagements de défense littorale et dynamique côtière : exemple de la partie orientale du delta du Rhône (France méridionale)

Le présent travail se donne pour but d'effectuer un bilan des aménagements littoraux et de leur rôle dans la dynamique sédimentaire côtière actuelle. À ce titre, la partie orientale du delta du Rhône représente un excellent laboratoire d'étude ; de part et d'autre de l'embouchure du fleuve, la majeure partie du littoral est aujourd'hui aménagée. Les infrastructures présentent une grande hétérogénéité dans l'âge et les méthodes d'aménagement. Elles reflètent des problématiques et des enjeux différents mais elles sont également le fruit d'une évolution des mentalités et des techniques au cours des dernières décennies (Miossec, 1995). Dans un premier temps, nous retracerons l'historique de ces aménagements. Dans un second temps, nous analyserons l'efficacité de ces derniers en insistant sur le contexte morphosédimentaire dans lequel ils se situent et son évolution tendancielle

Experimental measurements of water molecule binding energies for the second and third solvation shells of [Ca(H₂O)n]2+ complexes

Further understanding of the biological role of the Ca2+ ion in an aqueous environment requires quantitative measurements of both the short and long range interactions experienced by the ion in an aqueous medium. Here we present experimental measurements of binding energies for water molecules occupying the second and, quite possibly, the third solvation shell surrounding a central Ca2+ ion in [Ca(H2O)n]2+ complexes. Results for these large, previously inaccessible, complexes have come from the application of finite heat bath theory to kinetic energy measurements following unimolecular decay. Even at n = 20 the results show water molecules to be more strongly bound to Ca2+ than would be expected just from the presence of an extended network of hydrogen bonds. For n > 10, there is very good agreement between the experimental binding energies and recently published DFT calculations. Comparisons are made with similar data recorded for [Ca(NH3)n]2+ and [Ca(CH3OH)n]2+ complexes

Microscopic modelling of defects production and their annealing after irradiation in silicon for HEP particle detectors

In this contribution, the production of defects in radiation fields and their evolution toward equilibrium in silicon for detector uses has been modelled. In the quantitative model developed, the generation rate of primary defects is calculated starting from the projectile - silicon interaction and from recoil energy redistribution in the lattice. Vacancy-interstitial annihilation, interstitial migration to sinks, divacancy and vacancy-impurity complex (VP, VO, V2O, CiOi and CiCs) formation are considered. The results of the model support the experimental available data. The correlation between the initial material parameters, temperature, irradiation and annealing history is established. The model predictions could be a useful clue in obtaining harder materials for detectors at the new generation of accelerators or for space missions

Obesity and craniopharyngioma.

An epidemic of pediatric obesity has occurred across the world in recent years. There are subgroups within the population at high-risk of becoming obese and especially of having experience of precocious cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities of obesity. One of these subgroups comprises patients treated for childhood cancers and namely survivors of craniopharyngioma. The high incidence of obesity in this group makes these patients an important disease model to better understand the metabolic disturbances and the mechanisms of weight gain among cancer survivors. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis damage secondary to cancer therapies or to primary tumor location affect long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, the aetiology of obesity in craniopharyngioma is not yet fully understood. The present review has the aim of summarizing the published data and examining the most accepted mechanisms and main predisposing factors related to weight gain in this particular population