30 research outputs found
Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)
Este estudo analisou a qualidade dos sedimentos de três Áreas Marinhas Protegidas (AMP) situadas na porção central do litoral paulista (Parque Estadual Marinho da Laje de Santos - PEMLS; Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí- PEXJ; Área de Proteção Ambiental Marinha do Litoral Centro - APAMLC). Quatro campanhas de coleta foram organizadas (Setembro/Outobro-2013; Janeiro-2014; Julho-2014; Janeiro-2015). Amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em 10 pontos ao longo das 3 AMP. As amostras foram analisadas para granulometria, carbono orgânico total, CaCO3, metais, hidrocarbonetos alifáticos e policíclico aromáticos, e toxicidade de sedimento integral e interface sedimento-água. Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada na integração dos dados. A maioria das amostras exibiu baixa contaminação, exceto a amostra de P2 (APAMLC) onde níveis moderados de contaminantes foram detectados. Sedimentos de P7 e P9 (PEMLS) eventualmente apresentaram sinais de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. As demais amostras não apresentaram contaminação relevante, mas tiveram toxicidades variáveis, especialmente os sedimentos predominantemente bioclásticos. A PCA indicou forte contribuição das propriedades do sedimento, principalmente CaCO3 e amônia, na geração da toxicidade, indicando que fatores naturais e/ou antrópicos podem estar induzindo a toxicidade nas AMP estudadas.In this study, the quality of sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the coast of São Paulo (Laje de Santos Marine State Park - PEMLS; Xixova-Japui State Park - XJSP; and Central Coast Marine Protection Area - APAMLC) was assessed. Four sampling surveys were conducted (September/October 2013; January 2014; July 2014; January 2015). Sediment samples were collected at10 sites, distributed along the 3 MPAs. Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO3, metals, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and for whole-sediment and sediment-water interface toxicities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate data. Most of the sediments exhibited low concentrations of chemicals, with the exception of those from P2 (APAMLC) where moderate levels of contaminants were detected. Sediments from P7 and P9 (PEMLS) occasionally showed signs of petroleum hydrocarbons. The other sediments showed no relevant contamination but presented variable toxicity, especially those of bioclastic composition. The PCA indicated a contribution of the sediment properties to the toxicities, especially the CaCO3. In bioclastic sediments, toxicity might be due to physical causes by or any indirect factor such as the presence of ammonia. It was concluded that both natural and anthropic factors are causing toxicity in sediments from the MPAs studied
MECANISMOS FISIOLÓGICOS E FISIOPATOLÓGICOS DETERMINANTES DA ATIVIDADE VASOMOTORA SIMPÁTICA
The sympathetic vasomotor activity is one of determinants of blood pressure (BP). Understanding the mechanisms involved in the control of the cardiovascular system is important in physiological and pathophysiological condition. The principal sympathetic premotor brain nuclei are confined in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and in the rostralventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In different patophysiological condition, there is an increase in the sympathetic vasomotor tone, in part due to an increase in the activity of the PVN and RVLM neurons. In this brief review, we discussed the major mechanisms of sympathetic activation in different experimental models: 1) renovascular hypertension, 2) renoprival hypertension, 3) cardiac failure, 4) hypertension induced by nitric oxide blockade, 5) obesity and 6) gender differences. The actions of different mediators in the PVN and in the RVLM acting in long term, can change the level of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure and therefore, contributing for the progression of cardiovascular disease.A atividade vasomotora simpática é um dos determinantes da pressão arterial (PA). Estabelecer quais são os mecanismos geradores dessa atividade é importante para o entendimento de como o sistema cardiovascular opera, tanto em situações fisiológicas como fisiopatológicas. Os principais grupos pré-motores do simpático estão confinados no núcleo paraventricular do hipotálamo (PVN) e região rostoventrolateral bulbar (RVLM). Em diversas situações fisiopatológicas há aumento na atividade vasomotora simpática, em parte conseqüente a maior atividade dos neurônios do PVN e RVLM. Nesta breve revisão, foram discutidos os principais mecanismos de ativação simpática em diferentes modelos experimentais: 1) hipertensão renovascular, 2) hipertensão por baixa massa renal, 3) insuficiência cardíaca, 4) hipertensão por bloqueio do óxido nítrico, 5) obesidade e 6) dimorfismo sexual. As ações de diferentes mediadores sobre o PVN e RVLM podem em longo prazo determinar novos patamares de atividade simpática, modificando os níveis tensionais e dessa forma, contribuir para a progressão da doença cardiovascular
Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil
The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others
Ambiente virtual de comunicação, educação e capacitação sobre poluição marinha: fase 1
This work intends to show the activities done within the first phase of the project “Virtual environment of communication, education and capacitation on Marine Pollution”. In this phase, an internet page was created with the purpose of divulging information on aquatic pollution and providing information on the research conducted by the Laboratory of Investigation on Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology of UNESP. The initial results of this construction are showed and discussed.Neste trabalho, pretende-se mostrar as atividades conduzidas no âmbito da primeira fase do projeto “Ambiente virtual de comunicação, educação e capacitação sobre Poluição Marinha”. Nesta primeira fase, foi construída uma página na internet, que visa divulgar informações sobre o tema “poluição aquática” e disponibilizar informações sobre o Núcleo de Estudos sobre Poluição e Ecotoxicologica Aquática da UNESP. Os resultados iniciais dessa construção estão mostrados e discutidos
Validação de questionário sobre conhecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde para discentes
The study aimed to describe the process of development and validation of a questionnaire that proposes to evaluate the knowledge of primary health care for students of health care courses. This is a methodological research, with the following steps: preparation of the data collection questionnaire of the content validation by the judges and adequacy of the instrument, and application of the pilot study. The suitability of the items to the questionnaire was perfomed using quantitative criteria, through the Content Validity Index (CVI), and qualitative criteria. After reformulations, the questionnaire was established containing 39 specific items related to Primary Health Care, suitable for undergraduate students in the health area. It is concluded that the instrument has relevance and can be used to contribute to teaching about the subject.O estudo objetivou descrever o processo de elaboração e validação de um questionário que propõe avaliar o conhecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) para discentes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, com as seguintes etapas: elaboração do questionário de coleta de dados, validação do conteúdo pelos juízes e adequação do instrumento, e aplicação do estudo piloto. A adequação dos itens ao questionário foi realizada utilizando-se critérios quantitativos, através do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), e critérios qualitativos. Após reformulações, o questionário foi estabelecido contendo 39 itens específicos sobre a APS, adequados aos alunos de graduação da área da saúde. Conclui-se que o instrumento possui relevância e poderá ser utilizado para contribuir no ensino sobre a temática
Microstructural Characteristics of 3Y-TZP Ceramics and Their Effects on the Flexural Strength
This work evaluates the effects of grain growth and tetragonality of the t-ZrO2 phase on the mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP ceramics. Samples were sintered at 1475 °C for 2 h, and at 1600 °C for 2, 12, or 24 h. After sintering, the tetragonal ZrO2 polytypes t and t′ were observed under all sintering conditions, while a residual content of monoclinic ZrO2 was detected in samples sintered at 1600 °C for 24 h. The average grain size was found to vary from 0.65 ± 0.10 to 2.20 ± 0.35 μm. Moreover, zirconia ceramics sintered at 1475 °C for 2 h exhibit higher flexural strength (1210 ± 85 MPa), while samples sintered at 1600 °C for 24 h exhibit the lowest flexural strength (910 ± 90 MPa). These results were related to the progressive formation of Y3+-rich grains (t′-ZrO2) due to the grain boundary segregation-induced phase (GBSIPT) mechanism. Due to the high stabilizer concentration in the solid solution, these grains present lower tetragonality, being highly stable at room temperature. Consequently, the observed strength reduction of samples sintered at 1600 °C for 24 h is related to the presence of the t′-ZrO2 phase, which is less prompt to the phase transformation toughening process, limiting shielding zones’ effectiveness at the crack tip
Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod.
p.1126-1136Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a
influência da associação de duas doses
contínuas da Somatotropina Recombinante
Bovina (rbST) a um protocolo de superovulação
sobre a quantidade e a qualidade dos embriões
produzidos, além da taxa de gestação de
embriões provenientes de doadoras tratadas com
a rbST. Foram usadas seis doadoras distribuídas
em três tratamentos experimentais. O primeiro,
tratamento I (TI), recebeu uma dose de 500mg
de rbST no dia 0 do protocolo de sincronização
da onda folicular; o segundo, tratamento II
(TII), recebeu duas doses de 500mg rbST, a
primeira dose 14 dias antes do início do
protocolo e a outra no dia do início do protocolo
e o terceiro, tratamento zero (T0), serviu de
controle. As médias do número de estruturas
colhidas, embriões viáveis, taxa de viabilidade,
estádio de desenvolvimento e qualidade
embrionária não diferiram estatisticamente entre
os tratamentos. As taxas de gestação das
receptoras foram: TI=55,0% (22/40), TII=60,0%
(27/45) e T0=34,4% (11/32). Houve diferença
significativa entre o T0 e TII. Conclui-se que a
rbST melhorou as taxas de gestação de embriões
provenientes de doadoras tratadas com rbST 14
dias antes do início do protocolo e no dia do
início do tratamento.Salvado
Spotted fever group rickettsia in small rodents from areas of low endemicity for brazilian spotted fever in the eastern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
We investigated the humoral immune response against different species of Rickettsia in serum samples
from small rodents collected in two areas of a silent focus for Brazilian spotted fever in the eastern region of Minas
Gerais State, Brazil. Sera samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay using antigens from Rickettsia
species of the spotted fever, ancestral, and transition groups. Titers ³ 1:64 were considered positive. In Santa Cruz do
Escalvado, 94% (30 of 32) of the samples collected from Rattus rattus, 22% (5 of 23) from Nectomys squamipes, and 80%
(4 of 5) from Akodon sp., reacted by indirect immunofluorescence assay with Rickettsia antigens of the spotted fever
group. In the municipality of Pingo D’A´ gua, 84% (26 of 31) of the samples collected from R. rattus, 86% (6 of 7) of the
samples from Oryzomys subflavus, 86% (6 of 7) from N. squamipes, and 100% (1 of 1) from Bolomys sp. contained
antibodies that reacted with rickettsial antigens of the spotted fever group. These results demonstrated the previous
exposure of small rodents to spotted fever group Rickettsia, suggesting the participation of these animals in the natural
history of these rickettsiae in this region