Life Course in the Making. Educational and Labor Market Trajectories Through the Lens of the Swiss TREE Panel Survey

TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment) is a prospective interdisciplinary multi-cohort panel survey following up on the (post-compulsory) education and employment trajectories of two large samples of Swiss compulsory school leavers. The first TREE cohort (TREE1) was launched in 2000, drawing on the sample tested on the occasion of Switzerland’s first-time participation in PISA (Nt0 = 6,343, Nt10 in 2020: approx. 3,900). Since then, the sample has been followed up by means of 10-panel waves, the most recent one conducted in 2019/20. Further panel waves are planned at 5 years intervals. To date, TREE1 respondents have reached an average age approaching 40 and have been surveyed for a period of over 20 years, spanning from early adolescence up to early middle age. Under a replication design allowing for cohort comparison, the second TREE cohort (TREE2) covers a comparable population of school leavers who left compulsory education in 2016. As its baseline survey, it draws on a national large-scale assessment of mathematics skills. Since then, the TREE2 sample (Nt0 = 8,429, Nt6 in 2022: approx. 4,500) has been re-surveyed six times at yearly intervals, up to the average age of 21. Further panel waves at 2–5 years intervals are planned. The present contribution includes a detailed description of TREE’s study and survey design as well as a synoptic summary of salient results from some of the several hundred publications that draw on the TREE data

The Interplay between Educational Achievement, Occupational Success, and Well-Being

Many studies have examined the effect of life events, education, and income on well-being. Conversely, research concerning well-being as a predictor of life course outcomes is sparse. Diener's suggestion "to inquire about the effects of well-being on future behavior and success” has, with some exceptions, not yet come to fruition. This article contributes to this body of research. We conceptualize and analyze the interplay between educational achievement, occupational success, and well-being as a complex process. The relationship between these domains is examined drawing on a structure-agency framework derived from Bourdieu and Social Comparison Theory. Social comparison between adolescents and their parents is suggested to be the mechanism explaining the effects of successful and unsuccessful intergenerational transmission of educational achievement and occupational success on well-being. It is further argued that well-being may serve as an individual resource by fostering educational and occupational outcomes. Panel data from the Transition from Education to Employment (TREE) project, a Swiss PISA 2000 follow-up study, was used. The interplay between well-being and successful and unsuccessful intergenerational transfer of educational attainment was analyzed in an autoregressive cross-lagged mixture model framework. Social comparison was found to be related to well-being, while well-being proved to significantly increase the probability of successful intergenerational transfer of educational attainmen

Data from the Swiss TREE Panel Study (Transitions from Education to Employment)

TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment) is a prospective inter-disciplinary mixed-mode panel study following up on post-compulsory education and employment trajectories of two Swiss compulsory school leavers’ cohorts: TREE1 was launched as a PISA follow-up survey in 2000 (nt0 = 6343, nt10 in 2020 = 3882). TREE2 started in 2016 and draws on a national large-scale assessment of mathematics skills (nt0 = 8429, nt6 in 2022 = 4461). The panel is ongoing, further panel waves being planned for both cohorts. Data from both cohorts are available at the Swiss data archive SWISSUbase

Introduction to the Special Issue: Exploring Life Courses in Their Making

Up to the end of the 1990s, the scientific and political representation of the Swiss education and transition system’s functioning and underlying mechanisms had been at best fragmentary, largely relying on patchy, mostly cross-sectional data that hardly lent themselves to even adequately describe the system as a whole – let alone providing explanations as to the how and why of its functioning. The launch of TREE was one of the initiatives marking a shift of paradigm with respect to these substantial gaps. TREE gradually expanded into a life-course data infrastructure, now including two cohorts of school leavers (one from 2000 and one from 2016) whose pathways are followed over time. On the occasion of the panel study's twentieth anniversary, a call for papers was launched for a special issue of the Swiss Journal of Sociology (SJS) titled "20 Years of TREE, Transitions from Education to Employment: Exploring Life Courses in Their Making". The issue comprises seven contributions drawing on a wide range of theoretical, analytical and methodological approaches and, in four cases, on TREE data

Heck-Matsuda reaction utilizing in-situ generated palladium on aluminum phosphate

ABSTRACT. Pd on AlPO4-catalyst was prepared by a one-pot process using Pd(OAc)2 and AlPO4 in methanol as solvent. The synthesized catalyst was used in the monoarylation of olefins via the Heck-Matsuda reaction. Several functionalized arylvinylphosphonates, cinnamic derivatives and benzalacetones could be obtained in good to excellent yields.   KEY WORDS: Arylvinylphosphonates, Benzalacetones, Cinnamic derivatives, Palladium on Aluminum phosphate, Kinetic studies   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 423-432.                                                                DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.15                                                     &nbsp

Are multiple contrast tests superior to the ANOVA?

Multiple contrast tests can be used to test arbitrary linear hypotheses by providing local and global test decisions as well as simultaneous confidence intervals. The ANOVA-F-test on the contrary can be used to test the global null hypothesis of no treatment effect. Thus, multiple contrast tests provide more information than the analysis of variance (ANOVA) by offering which levels cause the significance. We compare the exact powers of the ANOVA-F-test and multiple contrast tests to reject the global null hypothesis. Hereby, we compute their least favorable configurations (LFCs). It turns out that both procedures have the same LFCs under certain conditions. Exact power investigations show that their powers are equal to detect their LFCs. © 2013 Elsevier BV

Parental Investment in Children’s Education. A TREE2 mixed methods study. Technical Report

PICE is an in-depth study of TREE that deals with the educational pathways of young adults and is particularly interested in how they are accompanied by their families on their way to professional life: PICE analyses what educational aspirations young people in Switzerland have and how they are supported by their parents. This technical report provides an overview of the theoretical framework of PICE, the research questions, and the study design of the mixed method study PICE: It documents the data collection and processing, the structure of the data, and the relationship to the TREE study (Transitions from Education to Employment)

Pourquoi les femmes deviennent-elles si rarement des professionnelles des STIM? L’importance de la différence entre les compétences mathématiques et l’image de soi

Um den Fachkräftemangel im MINT-Bereich zu bekämpfen, bemühen sich Bund und Kantone, auf allen Bildungsstufen Interesse an Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik zu wecken. Unter anderem soll dabei geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden hinsichtlich der Lehrstellen- bzw. Fächerwahl entgegengewirkt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt hier an und analysiert anhand der Daten der "ÜGK 2016", wie viele Jugendliche am Ende der obligatorischen Schulzeit denken, dass sie im Alter von 30 Jahren einen Beruf im Bereich der MINT-Fachkräfte ausüben werden. Dabei wird deutlich, dass bei jungen Frauen die Unterschätzung ihrer mathematischen Kompetenzen dazu beiträgt, dass sie sich seltener eine berufliche Zukunft im MINT-Bereich vorstellen können als junge Männer. (DIPF/Orig.)Pour lutter contre la pénurie de main-d’oeuvre qualifiée dans le secteur des STIM (sciences, technologies, ingénierie et mathématiques), la Confédération et les cantons s’efforcent de susciter l’intérêt pour les STIM à tous les niveaux de l’enseignement. Cette mesure vise notamment à contrecarrer les différences entre les sexes lors du choix des apprentissages et des matières. Dans ce contexte, nous utilisons les données "ÜGK 2016" pour analyser la part de jeunes en fin de scolarité obligatoire qui pensent avoir un emploi dans le secteur des STIM à l’âge de 30 ans. Les résultats montrent clairement qu’en raison d’une sous-estimation de leurs propres compétences en mathématiques, les jeunes femmes sont moins susceptibles que les jeunes hommes d’imaginer une carrière dans le domaine des STIM. (DIPF/Orig.

Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder Revisited – A Case Study

The human sleep-wake cycle is governed by two major factors: a homeostatic hourglass process (process S), which rises linearly during the day, and a circadian process C, which determines the timing of sleep in a ~24-h rhythm in accordance to the external light–dark (LD) cycle. While both individual processes are fairly well characterized, the exact nature of their interaction remains unclear. The circadian rhythm is generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (“master clock”) of the anterior hypothalamus, through cell-autonomous feedback loops of DNA transcription and translation. While the phase length (tau) of the cycle is relatively stable and genetically determined, the phase of the clock is reset by external stimuli (“zeitgebers”), the most important being the LD cycle. Misalignments of the internal rhythm with the LD cycle can lead to various somatic complaints and to the development of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD). Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorders (N24HSWD) is a CRSD affecting up to 50% of totally blind patients and characterized by the inability to maintain a stable entrainment of the typically long circadian rhythm (tau > 24.5 h) to the LD cycle. The disease is rare in sighted individuals and the pathophysiology less well understood. Here, we present the case of a 40-year-old sighted male, who developed a misalignment of the internal clock with the external LD cycle following the treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (ABVD regimen, four cycles and AVD regimen, four cycles). A thorough clinical assessment, including actigraphy, melatonin profiles and polysomnography led to the diagnosis of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorders (N24HSWD) with a free-running rhythm of tau = 25.27 h. A therapeutic intervention with bright light therapy (30 min, 10,000 lux) in the morning and melatonin administration (0.5–0.75 mg) in the evening failed to entrain the free-running rhythm, although a longer treatment duration and more intense therapy might have been successful. The sudden onset and close timely connection led us to hypothesize that the chemotherapy might have caused a mutation of the molecular clock components leading to the observed elongation of the circadian period