Development, usability, formative assessment, and story immersion of Nutrigame, a mHealth nutrition education app

The replacement of unprocessed and minimally processed foods with processed and ultra-processed ones can be a contributor to the increased prevalence of obesity amongst adults and adolescents. Mobile health (mHealth) innovations, such as mobile applications (apps), especially games, can be used to improve health behaviors and increase adolescent knowledge. The aim of this qualitative research was to describe the development, assessment, and story immersion of a mHealth nutrition education app developed to improve the food knowledge of adolescents. This study employed the stepwise approach model to the mHealth app development, according to the person-based approach and evidence-based behavior change techniques. The mHealth app was based on the concepts of the NOVA system food classification, present in the Brazilian dietary guidelines. The developed app, Nutrigame – your food guide, is a story-based serious game set in the food routine of an adolescent who needs to choose what to eat, when, where, and with whom the meals are taken. The first version of the app was tested by a group of adolescents (convenience sample, n=6, mean age: 15.8 ± 0.9 years) for 30 days. To assess usability, feasibility, engagement (user testing), and formative evaluation from the user's perspective, five individual interviews. After the last interview, the participants were required to complete a 13-item immersion scale, adapted from the narrative transportation scale to assess story immersion game. The final version of the game was adapted to meet the suggestions presented by the adolescents. All steps used for the app development are described. The gamification elements chosen led to the comprehension of the main learning contents. The mean story immersion score (30.3 ± 1.9) demonstrates the participant's involvement with the game's narrative. This study can provide useful insights to public health researchers and nutrition educators who are planning to develop a mHealth nutrition education app from a practical perspective

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Avalia??o da distribui??o e perfil funcional das subpopula??es de mon?citos na obesidade associada ? resist?ncia ? insulina em resposta ? sobrecarga oral de glicose

Os mon?citos s?o c?lulas mononucleares fagoc?ticas, classificados em tr?s subpopula??es distintas, conforme a express?o de CD14 e CD16: mon?citos cl?ssicos (CD14++ CD16- ), intermedi?rios (CD14++ CD16+ ) e n?o-cl?ssicos (CD14+ CD16++). Os mon?citos n?ocl?ssicos s?o respons?veis pelo patrulhamento do endot?lio e t?m sido relacionados com o estado pr?-inflamat?rio de diversas doen?as. Nosso grupo de pesquisa observou, em estudos pr?vios, aumento dessa subpopula??o de mon?citos em indiv?duos obesos. Tamb?m foi observada correla??o positiva entre o percentual de mon?citos n?o cl?ssicos com a glicemia no teste oral de toler?ncia a glicose (TTOG), o que sugere rela??o entre a intoler?ncia ? glicose e a maior frequ?ncia dessas c?lulas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a distribui??o e perfil funcional das subpopula??es de mon?citos em obesos sens?veis e resistentes ? insulina em resposta ? sobrecarga oral de glicose. Participaram do estudo 22 indiv?duos obesos e 11 eutr?ficos, classificados em tr?s grupos conforme a sensibilidade ? insulina: controle eutr?fico (CONT), obeso sens?vel ? insulina (OBS) e obeso resistente ? insulina (OBR). Inicialmente os volunt?rios passaram por avalia??o antropom?trica (aferi??o de massa corporal, estatura e composi??o corporal) e bioqu?mica (insulina e glicemia de jejum, triglicer?deos, colesterol total e fra??es). A distribui??o e o perfil funcional das subpopula??es de mon?citos nos volunt?rios foram avaliadas antes, uma e tr?s horas ap?s o TTOG. No jejum os indiv?duos obesos, independente da sensibilidade ? insulina, apresentaram maior percentual de mon?citos n?o-cl?ssicos. J? os indiv?duos do grupo OBR apresentaram menor percentual de mon?citos cl?ssicos e menor percentual de mon?citos CD11b+ comparados ao CONT. O grupo OBS apresentou menor express?o de HLA-DR pelos mon?citos. A sobrecarga oral de glicose n?o teve efeito sobre nenhuma das subpopula??es de mon?citos nos indiv?duos do grupo controle. Contudo, no grupo OBS foi observada redu??o do percentual de mon?citos n?o cl?ssicos e aumento do percentual de mon?citos cl?ssicos 1 hora ap?s o TTOG. Estas altera??es n?o foram observadas 3 horas ap?s o teste, o que indica um efeito transit?rio da sobrecarga oral de glicose no percentual dos mon?citos cl?ssicos e n?o cl?ssicos nos indiv?duos obesos sens?veis ? insulina. J? no grupo OBR as mesmas altera??es foram observadas 1 horas ap?s o TTOG, contudo, diferente do grupo OBS, o percentual de mon?citos cl?ssicos se manteve aumentado e o de mon?citos n?o-cl?ssicos reduzido 3 horas ap?s o TTOG. A sobrecarga oral de glicose tamb?m alterou a express?o de HLA-DR preferencialmente nos indiv?duos obesos resistentes ? insulina. Foi observada menor express?o de HLA-DR entre 1 e 3 horas ap?s o TTOG, nas tr?s subpopula??es de mon?citos do grupo OBR, enquanto no grupo controle essa redu??o foi observada apenas para os mon?citos cl?ssicos. Esses dados demonstram que a sobrecarga oral de glicose afeta de forma distinta a distribui??o das subpopula??es de mon?citos e a express?o de HLA-DR em indiv?duos obesos resistentes ? insulina. Os achados indicam que o efeito da sobrecarga oral de glicose na distribui??o e perfil funcional de mon?citos ? dependente da obesidade e agravada pela resist?ncia ? insulina.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018.Monocytes are phagocytic mononuclear cells, classified into three distinct subsets, according to the expression of CD14 and CD16: classical (CD14 + CD16 +), intermediate (CD14 + CD16 +) and non-classical (CD14 + CD16 +) monocytes. Non-classical monocytes are responsible for endothelial patrol and have been linked to the proinflammatory status of various diseases. Our study group observed, in a previous study, an increase in the percentage of non-classical monocytes in obese individuals. There was also a positive correlation between the percentage of non-classical monocytes and glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which suggests a relationship between glucose intolerance and the higher frequency of these cells. Thus, this study evaluated the distribution and functional profile of monocyte subpopulations in obese and insulin resistant individuals in response to oral glucose overload. Twenty-two obese and eleven eutrophic subjects were classified into three groups according to insulin sensitivity: eutrophic control (CONT), insulin-sensitive obese (OBS) and insulin-resistant obese (OBR). The volunteers underwent anthropometric (body mass, height and body composition) and clinical evaluations (insulin and fasting glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions). The distribution and functional profile monocyte subsets were evaluated before and 1 and3 hours after the OGTT. Obese individuals presented a higher percentage of non-classical monocytes regardless of insulin sensitivity, in fasting. Also, OBR group presented lower percentage of classic monocytes and a lower percentage of CD11b + monocytes compared to CONT. The OBS group had lower HLA-DR expression by the monocytes. Oral glucose overload had no effect on the distribution of any monocyte subsets in control subjects. However, in the OBS group, there was a reduction in the percentage of non-classical monocytes and an increase in the percentage of classic monocytes 1 hour after OGTT. These changes were not observed 3 hours after OGTT, which indicates a transient effect of oral glucose overload in the percentage of classic and nonclassic monocytes in insulin-sensitive obese individuals. In the OBR group, the same changes were observed 1 hour after the OGTT, however, unlike the OBS group, the percentage of classic monocytes remained elevated and that of non-classical monocytes reduced 3 hours after the OGTT. Oral glucose overload also altered HLA-DR expression preferentially in insulin-resistant obese individuals. Lower HLA-DR expression was observed between 1 and 3 hours after OGTT in the three monocyte subsets of the OBR group, whereas in the control group this reduction was observed only for the classic monocytes. These data demonstrate that oral glucose overload affects the distribution of monocyte subsets and HLA-DR expression in insulin-resistant obese individuals. The findings indicate that the effect of oral glucose overload on the distribution and functional profile of monocytes is dependent on obesity and aggravated by insulin resistance

NutriGame - seu guia alimentar: serious game para comunica??o do Guia Alimentar para a popula??o brasileira para adolescentes

O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - C?digo de Financiamento 001.Na Ficha Catalogr?fica consta o t?tulo: "NutriGame - seu guia alimentar: serious game para comunica??o do Guia Alimentar para popula??o brasileira para adolescentes".O Guia Alimentar para a Popula??o Brasileira 2? edi??o apresenta as diretrizes alimentares brasileiras, importante recurso de preven??o da obesidade, que devem ser divulgadas ? popula??o por meio da educa??o alimentar e nutricional. A tecnologia Mobile Health (mHealth) tem mostrado resultados positivos na promo??o da sa?de podendo ser uma ferramenta importante em interven??es nutricionais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar a efetividade de um jogo digital mHealth em comunicar as diretrizes do Guia Alimentar para a Popula??o Brasileira para adolescentes. O estudo foi realizado em 3 fases: na Fase I foi destinada ao desenvolvimento do jogo digital, do tipo aplicativo (app), para celular/tablet; a Fase II ? avalia??o da jogabilidade do aplicativo e a Fase III ? avalia??o do app como estrat?gia de comunica??o do Guia Alimentar para Popula??o Brasileira para o p?blico alvo. A Fase I aconteceu em tr?s etapas: 1. Fundamenta??o te?rica e conceitua??o, em que foram escolhidos os determinantes te?ricos do jogo; 2. Desenvolvimento do app, quando foram definidas a mec?nica e o formato do jogo; e 3. Testes preliminares de usu?rio, quando os pr?prios pesquisadores realizaram testes de usabilidade e viabilidade. Na Fase II, 7 adolescentes, com idade entre 14 e 16 anos, utilizaram o app por 30 dias para avalia??o da usabilidade, viabilidade, engajamento e aprendizagem, que foram avaliados por meio de entrevistas guiadas. Na Fase III participaram do estudo, 65 adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 18 anos, 38 do grupo app e 27 do grupo controle. Os adolescentes do grupo app usaram o jogo digital por 14 dias. Eles responderam a um question?rio sobre alimenta??o que abordava quest?es de percep??o, autoefic?cia, conhecimento e atitude alimentar em tr?s momentos: Pr? (antes do uso do app) e P?s (14 dias ap?s usar o app) e P?s-90 (90 dias ap?s usar o app). Ao final dos 14 dias, o grupo app tamb?m respondeu a um question?rio de imers?o. O grupo controle n?o recebeu nenhuma interven??o e responderam ao question?rio sobre alimenta??o no momento pr? e p?s. Foram calculados os escores de cada question?rio para compara??o do momento pr? e p?s utiliza??o do jogo e entre os grupos controle e app. O jogo desenvolvido recebeu o nome de ?Nutrigame - seu guia alimentar? e ? um jogo de narrativa, onde a hist?ria ? ambientada na rotina alimentar de um adolescente. Durante um ciclo de sete dias o jogador deve realizar escolhas alimentares, de ambiente e companhia. Essas escolhas impactam a sa?de do avatar, demonstrada pelos indicadores de sa?de, alertas e relat?rio final de sa?de. Quando avaliado na Fase II, o NutriGame recebeu nota 8,75 em uma escala de 0 a 10 sobre o quanto os adolescentes gostaram do jogo, demonstrando bom engajamento. Al?m disso, ele apresentou resultados efetivos de usabilidade e viabilidade. Na Fase III, ap?s utilizarem o NutriGame, os adolescentes relataram saber mais sobre alimenta??o saud?vel depois de jogar (pr? 7,05 ? 1,83; p?s 7,94 ? 1,33, p=0,031) e consideraram sua alimenta??o mais saud?vel (pr? 6,50 ? 1,64; p?s 7,16 ? 1,11, p=0,015). O escore de conhecimento aumentou de 27,82 ? 1,65 no momento pr? para 29,05 ? 1,45 ap?s jogarem o NutriGame (p=0,0001). O escore para inten??o de mudan?a de h?bitos (autoefic?cia) foi de 43,47 ? 4,90 no momento pr?, aumentando para 47,05 ? 3,36 depois da utiliza??o do jogo (p<0,0001). Eles tamb?m apresentaram melhora na atitude alimentar (pr? 20,58 ? 3,19; p?s 22,53 ? 3,12, p=0,0009). N?o foram observadas diferen?as nos escores das respostas entre os dois momentos para o grupo controle. Para o grupo app, foi observada manuten??o dos resultados ap?s 90 dias da interven??o, demonstrando efeito do jogo a m?dio prazo nas vari?veis analisadas. A m?dia da imers?o no jogo ao final dos 14 dias de teste foi de 27,25 ? 3,36 pontos, o que demonstrou alto envolvimento com a narrativa. Dessa forma, os dados mostram que o NutriGame - seu guia alimentar ? eficaz na comunica??o do Guia Alimentar para adolescentes.Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Tese (Doutorado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2023.The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population 2nd edition presents the Brazilian food guidelineswhich must be disseminated to the population through food and nutrition education. Mobile Health (mHealth) technology has shown positive results in health promotion and can be an important tool in nutritional interventions. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a mHealth digital game in communicating the guidelines of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. The study was carried out in 3 phases: Phase I was destined to the digital game development, of the application type (app), for cell phones/tablets; Phase II to the evaluation of the application's gameplay and Phase III to the evaluation of the app as a communication strategy for the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population for adolescents. Phase I took place in three stages: 1. Theoretical foundation and conceptualization, in which the theoretical determinants of the game were chosen; 2. pp development, when the game's mechanics and format were defined; and 3. Preliminary user tests, when the researchers themselves carried out usability and feasibility tests. In Phase II, 7 teenagers, aged between 14 and 16 years, used the app for 30 days to assess usability, feasibility, engagement and learning, which were evaluated through guided interviews. In Phase III, 65 adolescents between 11 and 17 years- old participated in the study, 38 in the app group and 27 in the control group. Teenagers in the app group used the digital game for 14 days, while the control group did not receive any intervention. They answered a questionnaire that addressed perception, self-efficacy, knowledge and eating attitude on 3 occasions: before app use and 14 (both groups) and 90 days (only the app group) after game play. At the end, the application group also answered an immersion questionnaire. The scores of each questionnaire were calculated to compare the moments before and after game play and between the control and app groups. The game developed was named ?Nutrigame - your food guide? and is a narrative game, where the story is set in the eating routine of a teenager. During a 7-day cycle, the player must make food, environment and companionship choices. These choices impact the avatar's health, as demonstrated by the health indicators, alerts, and final health report. When evaluated in Phase II, NutriGame received 8.75 points on a scale of 0 to 10 on how much teens enjoyed the game, demonstrating good engagement. In addition, it presented good usability and feasibility resultsIn Phase III, after using the app the adolescents reported knowing more about healthy eating (pre 7.05 ? 1.83; post 7.94 ? 1.33, p=0.025) and considered their diet healthier (pre 6.50 ? 1.64; post 7.16 ? 1.11, p=0.017). The knowledge score increased from 27.82 ? 1.65 in the pre moment to 29.05 ? 1.45 after playing the game (p=0.0001). The score for intention to change habits (self-efficacy) was 43.47 ? 4.90 before, increasing to 47.05 ? 3.36 after the app use (p<0.0001). They also showed improvement in eating attitude (pre 20.58 ? 3.19; post 22.53 ? 3.12, p=0.0001). No differences were observed in the pre- versus post-scores for the control group. In the app group, the post results were still observed 90 days after the intervention, which demonstrates the retention of the information delivered by the game. The average immersion in the game after 14 days of testing was 27.25 ? 3.36 points, which demonstrates high involvement with the narrative. Thus, this study demonstrates that the NutriGame - your food guide is effective in communicating the Food Guide to adolescents

The ASSIST trial: Acute effectS of manipulating Strength exercise volume on Insulin SensiTivity in obese adults: a protocol for a randomized controlled, crossover, clinical trial

This protocol describes the methods of a randomized controlled, crossover, clinical trial to assess the effects of strength exercise volume on insulin sensitivity in obese adults

Association between Anti-DENV IgM Serum Prevalence and CD11b Expression by Classical Monocytes in Obesity

Dengue and obesity are currently highly prevalent conditions worldwide and the association between these two conditions may result in greater risk for DENV infection and disease severity. In this study the association between obesity and recent, inapparent dengue was investigated. Serum DENV IgM and NS1 were evaluated in 49 adult volunteers (15 lean and 34 individuals with obesity, according to body mass index), between September 2017 and June 2018. Adiposity, endocrine, metabolic, and immune data of the participants were also obtained. None of the study participants tested positive for the DENV NS1 antigen. DENV IgM was detected in 33.3% of the lean individuals, and in 44.1% of those with obesity; the presence of DENV IgM was not associated with body mass index (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.59–2.98, p = 0.48). However, body fat index was higher in obese individuals who had recent inapparent dengue (14.7 ± 3.1 versus 12.7 ± 2.1 kg/m2, p = 0.04), as was the expression of CD11b by classical (CD14++CD16−) monocytes (1103.0 ± 311.3 versus 720.3 ± 281.1 mean fluoresce intensity). Our findings suggest an association between adiposity and recent inapparent dengue and the involvement of classical monocytes in this association

A OBESIDADE NA POPULAÇÃO ADULTA DE DIAMANTINA: ORIENTAÇÕES PARA A SAÚDE, CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANTROPOMÉTRICA, BIOQUÍMICA E DE APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA

Resumo: Este estudo caracterizou indivíduos adultos obesos que participaram de um programa de atividades de extensão composto por orientações nutricionais no município de Diamantina-MG. Foram recrutados 42 indivíduos obesos (7 homens e 35 mulheres, índice de massa corporal [IMC] de 36,5 ± 4,3 kg m-2) com idade entre 19 e 56 anos. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação do IMC, circunferência da cintura (CC) e percentual de gordura, glicemia e insulinemia de jejum, teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) triglicérides, colesterol total e frações e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dos 42 participantes, onze indivíduos apresentaram resistência à insulina, onze aumento na insulina de jejum (26%) e sete (17%) apresentaram aumento na glicemia de jejum e/ou alteração no TTOG. Vinte e quatro porcento dos participantes apresentaram concentração de triglicerídeos elevada, 48% apresentaram HDL-colesterol reduzido e noventa e quatro por cento dos participantes apresentaram CC acima do valor recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os participantes do estudo apresentaram um consumo máximo de oxigênio médio menor que 21 ml kg-1 min-1, indicando um baixo condicionamento cardiorrespiratório. Parte dos participantes do estudo (n=10, 23%) participaram de uma oficina de orientação nutricional que possibilitou uma ampla discussão sobre a obesidade, seus impactos na saúde, e a necessidade de se adotar hábitos de vida saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Excesso de Peso, Resistência à Insulina, Sedentarismo. Obesity in the adult population of Diamantina city: health guidelines, anthropometric, biochemical and cardiorespiratory fitness characterization Abstract: This study characterized obese adults who participated in an outreach program activity on nutrition education in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 42 obese subjects, aged between 19 and 56 years old, were recruited (7 men and 35 women, body mass index [BMI] of 36.5 ± 4.3 kg m-2). All subjects underwent assessment of BMI, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, blood glucose, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Of the 42 participants, eleven had insulin resistance, eleven had high fasting insulin (26%), and seven (17%) showed high fasting glucose and/or altered OGTT. Twenty-four percent of the participants showed high concentration of triglycerides, 48% had low HDL-cholesterol and ninety-four percent of the participants had WC greater than what is recommended by the World Health Organization. The participants had a maximum oxygen consumption rate average less than ml kg-1 min-1, which indicates a low cardiorespiratory conditioning. Part of the subjects of the study (n = 10, 23%) attended to a nutritional orientation workshop that allowed a wide discussion on obesity, its impact on health, and the need of having healthy lifestyle habits. Keywords: Continuing Education, Overweight, Insulin Resistance, Inactivity.   La obesidad en la población adulta en la ciudad de Diamantina: directrices de salud, caracterización antropométrica, bioquímica y de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria Resumen: En este estudio se caracterizaron adultos obesos que participaron de un programa de actividades de extensión que tuvo el objetivo de ofrecer orientaciones nutricionales en el municipio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fueron analizados 42 individuos obesos (7 hombres y 35 mujeres, índice de masa corporal [ICM] de 36,5 ± 4,3 kg m-2) con edades entre los 19 y 56 años. Todos los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una evaluación de ICM, circunferencia de la cintura (CC), y porcentaje de grasa, glucemia e insulinemia en ayunas, test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (TTOG), triglicéridos, colesterol total y fracciones, de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. De los cuarenta y dos participantes, once sujetos presentaron resistencia a la insulina, once presentaron aumento en la insulina en ayunas (el 26%) y siete (el 17%) presentaron aumento de glucemia en ayunas y/o alteración en TTOG. El Veinticuatro por ciento de los participantes presentaron concentración  elevada de triglicéridos, el 48% presentaron HDL-colesterol reducido y el noventa y cuatro por ciento de los participantes presentaron CC demasiado alto y no recomendable por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los participantes de este estudio presentaron un consumo máximo de oxígeno medio menor que 21 ml kg-1 min-1, indicando un bajo acondicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio. Parte de los participantes del estudio (n=10, 23%) participaron de un taller de orientación nutricional que facilitó una amplia discusión sobre la obesidad, sus impactos en la salud, y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos de vida saludable. Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Sobre Peso, Resistencia a La Insulina, Sedentarismo.

A OBESIDADE NA POPULAÇÃO ADULTA DE DIAMANTINA: ORIENTAÇÕES PARA A SAÚDE, CARACTERIZAÇÃO ANTROPOMÉTRICA, BIOQUÍMICA E DE APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA

Resumo: Este estudo caracterizou indivíduos adultos obesos que participaram de um programa de atividades de extensão composto por orientações nutricionais no município de Diamantina-MG. Foram recrutados 42 indivíduos obesos (7 homens e 35 mulheres, índice de massa corporal [IMC] de 36,5 ± 4,3 kg m-2) com idade entre 19 e 56 anos. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação do IMC, circunferência da cintura (CC) e percentual de gordura, glicemia e insulinemia de jejum, teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) triglicérides, colesterol total e frações e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dos 42 participantes, onze indivíduos apresentaram resistência à insulina, onze aumento na insulina de jejum (26%) e sete (17%) apresentaram aumento na glicemia de jejum e/ou alteração no TTOG. Vinte e quatro porcento dos participantes apresentaram concentração de triglicerídeos elevada, 48% apresentaram HDL-colesterol reduzido e noventa e quatro por cento dos participantes apresentaram CC acima do valor recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Os participantes do estudo apresentaram um consumo máximo de oxigênio médio menor que 21 ml kg-1 min-1, indicando um baixo condicionamento cardiorrespiratório. Parte dos participantes do estudo (n=10, 23%) participaram de uma oficina de orientação nutricional que possibilitou uma ampla discussão sobre a obesidade, seus impactos na saúde, e a necessidade de se adotar hábitos de vida saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária, Excesso de Peso, Resistência à Insulina, Sedentarismo. Obesity in the adult population of Diamantina city: health guidelines, anthropometric, biochemical and cardiorespiratory fitness characterization Abstract: This study characterized obese adults who participated in an outreach program activity on nutrition education in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 42 obese subjects, aged between 19 and 56 years old, were recruited (7 men and 35 women, body mass index [BMI] of 36.5 ± 4.3 kg m-2). All subjects underwent assessment of BMI, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, blood glucose, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Of the 42 participants, eleven had insulin resistance, eleven had high fasting insulin (26%), and seven (17%) showed high fasting glucose and/or altered OGTT. Twenty-four percent of the participants showed high concentration of triglycerides, 48% had low HDL-cholesterol and ninety-four percent of the participants had WC greater than what is recommended by the World Health Organization. The participants had a maximum oxygen consumption rate average less than ml kg-1 min-1, which indicates a low cardiorespiratory conditioning. Part of the subjects of the study (n = 10, 23%) attended to a nutritional orientation workshop that allowed a wide discussion on obesity, its impact on health, and the need of having healthy lifestyle habits. Keywords: Continuing Education, Overweight, Insulin Resistance, Inactivity.   La obesidad en la población adulta en la ciudad de Diamantina: directrices de salud, caracterización antropométrica, bioquímica y de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria Resumen: En este estudio se caracterizaron adultos obesos que participaron de un programa de actividades de extensión que tuvo el objetivo de ofrecer orientaciones nutricionales en el municipio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fueron analizados 42 individuos obesos (7 hombres y 35 mujeres, índice de masa corporal [ICM] de 36,5 ± 4,3 kg m-2) con edades entre los 19 y 56 años. Todos los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una evaluación de ICM, circunferencia de la cintura (CC), y porcentaje de grasa, glucemia e insulinemia en ayunas, test de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (TTOG), triglicéridos, colesterol total y fracciones, de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. De los cuarenta y dos participantes, once sujetos presentaron resistencia a la insulina, once presentaron aumento en la insulina en ayunas (el 26%) y siete (el 17%) presentaron aumento de glucemia en ayunas y/o alteración en TTOG. El Veinticuatro por ciento de los participantes presentaron concentración  elevada de triglicéridos, el 48% presentaron HDL-colesterol reducido y el noventa y cuatro por ciento de los participantes presentaron CC demasiado alto y no recomendable por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los participantes de este estudio presentaron un consumo máximo de oxígeno medio menor que 21 ml kg-1 min-1, indicando un bajo acondicionamiento cardiorrespiratorio. Parte de los participantes del estudio (n=10, 23%) participaron de un taller de orientación nutricional que facilitó una amplia discusión sobre la obesidad, sus impactos en la salud, y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos de vida saludable. Palabras-clave: Extensión Universitaria, Sobre Peso, Resistencia a La Insulina, Sedentarismo

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data