SQUAT AND POWER CLEAN STRENGTH ARE NOT RELATED TO APPROPRIATE DROP JUMP HEIGHT IN FEMALE COLLEGIATE ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to determine if an appropriate drop jump height for female athletes could be determined from squat and/or power clean maximums. Thirteen female collegiate basketball or volleyball players had their appropriate drop jump height determined by both maximal jump height (MJH) and reactive strength index (RSI) methods. The two methods often determined different appropriate jump heights for the athletes. Pearson’s correlations showed moderate to trivial relationships between drop jump height and: squat maximum (r =-0.41 MJH, -0.09 RSI), power clean maximum (r =.- 0.34 MJH, -0.19 RSI). It appears it is necessary to perform either MJH or RSI testing to determine appropriate drop jump height for female collegiate athletes

The Concept of Judgment in Pastoral Counseling

This is the problem that has occasioned this study. Is there a place for a concept of judgment in pastoral counseling? If so, in what sense? Specifically, is there a place in pastoral counseling for a concept of judgment in Seward Hiltner\u27s ordinary sense, that is, imposed from outside? If there is, what is its place? This study is particularly concerned with the approach of the Lutheran pastor, who attempts to counsel within the context of the Lutheran understanding of Law and Gospel. The initial interest in this subject was sparked through discussions with Lutheran pastors in which it became apparent that there is a great deal of difference of opinion on the subject, particularly as to the pastor\u27s function in relation to the biblical concept of judgment as he seeks to counsel

COMPARISON OF MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES OF THE HIP AND KNEE DURING STEP UPS AND SINGLE LEG SQUATS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate moments and shear forces at the hip and knee during step ups and single leg squats. Subjects were 12 weight trained adults. Each subject performed 3 repetitions of step ups and single leg squats using 70% of 1 repetition maximum. 2 X 2 (lift X phase (eccentric/concentric)) repeated measures ANOVAs were performed for each dependent variable. Significant interaction effects (

The cadenza: performance practice in alto trombone concerti of the eighteenth century

This study examines the history of the cadenza, as well as the fundamental elements of a good cadenza. This paper is intended to help the modern trombonist learn to create appropriate, original cadenzas for classical trombone concerti. Both historical and modern writing,as well as extant classical cadenzas are used as a guide

COMPARISON OF MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING STEP UPS AND SINGLE LEG SQUATS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscle activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GME), adductors (A), and gastrocnemius (G) during step ups (SU) and single leg squats (SLS). Subjects were 12 weight trained adults. Muscle activity was averaged by root mean square and normalized to maximum isometric contractions. Repeated measures ANOVA results revealed interaction effects (

MEASUREMENT OF PEAK FORCE EXPERIENCED BY MALES DURING ASSISTED AND UNASSISTED PULL-UPS

The purpose of this study was to measure the peak force (PF) generated by males while performing assisted pull-ups (APU) and unassisted pull-ups (UPU) with pronated (PUP) and supinated (SUP) hand grips. Twenty-five men (mean ± SD: age= 23 ± 3 y; height= 180 ± 6 cm; weight= 88 ± 14 kg, APU: N=12, UPU: N=13) participated. Participants performed 2 sets of 10 pull-ups (PU) (1 PUP, 1 SUP) in randomized order on a PU bar attached to a force plate. PF generated during each PU was normalized to body weight (BW). There was no significant difference in PF generated between grips (P = 0.158) but there were significant differences in the PF generated over the course of 10 repetitions (

Comparison of Muscle Activity During a Ring Muscle Up and a Bar Muscle Up

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 1451-1460, 2023. The muscle up (MU) is a variation of a common gymnastics movement that combines a pull up and a dip. It can be performed on a bar (BMU) or a set of rings (RMU). The difference in upper extremity muscle recruitment (MR) between BMU and RMU has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the MR of select muscles during BMU and RMU. Ten active males (27.6 ± 7.9 years) performed 5 repetitions of BMU and RMU in randomized order. Muscle recruitment of the upper (UT) and lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), pectoralis major (PM), latissimus dorsi (LD), triceps brachii (TB), biceps brachii (BB), and forearm flexors (FF) was assessed using electromyography. A 2 X 2 ANOVA (ring vs bar, pull phase vs push phase) with repeated measures was performed for each muscle. Least significant differences post hoc tests were performed when a significant interaction effect occurred. The RMU significantly elicited more muscle activation in the UT (p = 0.007), BB (p = 0.001), and FF (p = 0.001) during the pull phase. The RMU also significantly elicited more muscle activation in the TB (p = 0.025) and BB (p = 0.001) during the push phase. These results suggest that the instability of the RMU primarily increases the required recruitment of the upper limbs but does not significantly change the recruitment of the shoulder stabilizers. Appropriate upper limb development is needed to perform the RMU and the BMU may be a better technique to learn first due to its lower difficulty

KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CRESCENT KICK IN TAEKWONDO

Taekwondo is a martial art that originated in Korea more than 2000 years ago (Kim, 1995). Presently, it is an Olympic sport and is performed in over 160 countries by approximately 50 million practitioners of all ages. Taekwondo translates to "Way of Kicking and Punching" (Kim, 1995), and as its name indicates, it is characterized as an activity where kicks compose 80 percent of the techniques. The basic kicks in taekwondo are front, crescent, roundhouse, side, back, and hook kic

Efficient numerical integrators for stochastic models

The efficient simulation of models defined in terms of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) depends critically on an efficient integration scheme. In this article, we investigate under which conditions the integration schemes for general SDEs can be derived using the Trotter expansion. It follows that, in the stochastic case, some care is required in splitting the stochastic generator. We test the Trotter integrators on an energy-conserving Brownian model and derive a new numerical scheme for dissipative particle dynamics. We find that the stochastic Trotter scheme provides a mathematically correct and easy-to-use method which should find wide applicability.Comment: v

A mathematical model of the mevalonate cholesterol biosynthesis pathway

We formulate, parameterise and analyse a mathematical model of the mevalonate pathway, a key pathway in the synthesis of cholesterol. Of high clinical importance, the pathway incorporates rate limiting enzymatic reactions with multiple negative feedbacks. In this work we investigate the pathway dynamics and demonstrate that rate limiting steps and negative feedbacks within it act in concert to tightly regulate intracellular cholesterol levels. Formulated using the theory of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and parameterised in the context of a hepatocyte, the governing equations are analysed numerically and analytically. Sensitivity and mathematical analysis demonstrate the importance of the two rate limiting enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and squalene synthase in controlling the concentration of substrates within the pathway as well as that of cholesterol. The role of individual feedbacks, both global (between that of cholesterol and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2; SREBP-2) and local internal (between substrates in the pathway) are investigated. We find that whilst the cholesterol SREBP-2 feedback regulates the overall system dynamics, local feedbacks activate within the pathway to tightly regulate the overall cellular cholesterol concentration. The network stability is analysed by constructing a reduced model of the fall pathway and is shown to exhibit one real, stable steady-state. We close by addressing the biological question as to how farnesyl-PP levels are affected by CYP51 inhibition, and demonstrate that the regulatory mechanisms within the network work in unison to ensure they remain bounded