Symbolic Computing with Incremental Mindmaps to Manage and Mine Data Streams - Some Applications

In our understanding, a mind-map is an adaptive engine that basically works incrementally on the fundament of existing transactional streams. Generally, mind-maps consist of symbolic cells that are connected with each other and that become either stronger or weaker depending on the transactional stream. Based on the underlying biologic principle, these symbolic cells and their connections as well may adaptively survive or die, forming different cell agglomerates of arbitrary size. In this work, we intend to prove mind-maps' eligibility following diverse application scenarios, for example being an underlying management system to represent normal and abnormal traffic behaviour in computer networks, supporting the detection of the user behaviour within search engines, or being a hidden communication layer for natural language interaction.Comment: 4 pages; 4 figure

Bringing Cyclopropenium to Life

Burgeoning fields of nanomedicine and theranostics are propelled forward by the creative and systematic design of synthetic polymers. Cationic polyelectrolytes, comprising covalently-linked cations within each repeat unit, have drawn particular interest for their ability to bind nucleic acids and permeate cell membranes. Expanding the design space of these systems, we introduced a new family of polyelectrolytes based on the carbon-centered cyclopropenium cation. Cyclopropenium is a modular, aromatic building block with unique structural and electronic properties and, when coupled with modern living polymerization techniques, can be incorporated into macromolecules with precise size, shape, and composition. This thesis describes the translation of cationic polyelectrolytes based on cyclopropenium to biomedical applications and is structured into three parts. The first part evaluates cyclopropenium polymers as candidate non- viral vectors for gene therapy and demonstrates that some derivatives are both biocompatible and efficacious transfection agents. In the second part, nanoparticles comprising cyclopropenium are exploited as live-cell image contrast agents and evolved into potentially theranostic tools. The final part describes a facile route to a novel class of cyclopropenium-based polymers. Together, this thesis illustrates that cyclopropenium is a versatile component of polyelectrolytes, poised to address leading biological challenges

Losing one's way: Geographical and moral lessons in the Butterfly Story in Upper Tanana Athabascan

National Foreign Language Resource Cente

How and why conversational value leads to happiness for experiential and material purchases

This work presents convergent evidence that experiential purchases are more conducive to interpersonal conversations than are material purchases- that is, experiences have higher conversational value, which helps explain why they afford consumers greater happiness than do objects (Van Boven and Gilovich 2003). Further, two experiments demonstrate that factors known to differ between experiential and material purchases-closeness to the self, social approval, and purchase uniqueness-help explain why experiences are preferred as a topic of conversation over objects, and suggest a social motivation for talking more about experiences. Indeed, when the motivation to build a relationship with the conversation partner is removed, the preference to share about experiences (vs. objects) disappears. Together, these findings add to and help integrate the growing literature on the relation between purchase type (material vs. experiential) and purchase-related happiness.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Halonium-Induced Reactions for the Synthesis of Diverse Molecular Scaffolds

A vast number of halogenated natural products have been isolated to date that contain unique structural and electronic characteristics due to the installed halogen. These properties not only aid in their bioactivity, but also put into question nature's biosynthesis of these complex molecules. Nature's ability to install halogens in a direct and concise manner has inspired our group to seek out chemical transformations that accomplish the same efficiency in the context of synthesizing complex natural products. Specifically, our group has targeted challenges in the areas of halonium-induced polyene cyclization, asymmetric halonium addition to alkenes, and medium-sized bromoether formation, as having access to such transformations would further facilitate total syntheses of these halogenated isolates. Only a few electrophilic iodonium reagents have proven capable of inducing polyene cyclization of linear terpene precursors, though, to date, these only include substrates with electron rich functional groups. Due to this, we targeted development of a new iodonium reagent, IDSI. This easily synthesized, isolable solid has promoted cyclization of both electron rich and poor linear polyene precursors in good yields and diastereoselectivities. The produced iodinated cores allow for further diversification as demonstrated in the formal synthesis of loliolide, stemodin, and K-76. In general, the use of IDSI in previous routes decreases step count, increases overall yields, and avoids the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic metals. In addition, the chloronium variant, CDSC, completed the first polyene cyclization ever to be initiated by a chloronium electrophile. With the development of our halonium reagents, BDSB (the bromonium variant), IDSI, and CDSC, we next varied the synthesis of each reagent to include an asymmetric component. While their use in polyene cyclization only produced racemic materials, the iodohydroxylation of simple alkenes provided up to 63% ee with only a select substrate. Yet, this chiral IDSI reagent is one of only a handful of strategies capable of transferring an iodonium electrophile with moderate enantioselectivity (above 50% ee). By analyzing the hypothesized biosynthesis of the Laurencia natural isolates, we realized the proposed direct 8-membered bromoetherification from a linear precursor was most likely an unfavorable event, leading us to investigate an alternative idea. Discovery of a unique bromonium-induced ring expansion method generated 8-membered bromoethers diastereoselectively in a single step in good yields. From easily prepared tetrahydrofuran precursors, a variety of diastereomers of 8-endo and 8-exo bromoethers were generated selectively, modeling the cores of over half of the medium-sized isolates. This method was then expanded to include diastereoselective synthesis of 9-membered bromoethers, also found in the Laurencia family. The BDSB-induced ring expansion strategy was then used as the key step in the completed formal total synthesis of laurefucin, an 8-endo bromoether in the Laurencia natural products. By utilizing this method, we have developed the shortest synthesis of any 8-membered bromoether isolate in the family to date. Due to the breadth of products this transformation has generated, we believe this bromonium-induced ring expansion may have biosynthetic relevance. Our proposed biosynthesis could account for generation of not only the 8-membered bromoethers, but also additional 5-, 7- and 9-membered ethers found in the family. Additional experiments were completed to support this pathway, including mimicking enzymatic conditions as well as intercepting the proposed intermediates

When prosocials act like proselfs in a commons dilemma

important that previous research has also shown that the motivation to preserve a common pool is not equally strong for everybody. Although people who seek to maximize collective outcomes (i.e., prosocials) carefully adapt their behavior to an imminent resource shortage by cutting down their consumption, people who seek to maximize own outcomes or differences in outcomes (i.e., proselfs) keep up their high consumption as if resources were still abundant (see Kramer, McClintock, & Messick, 1986). The Kramer et al. (1986) findings illuminate that motivations are relevant to solving the social dilemma at its most important moment—when the common pool is close to being depleted. That is, differences between prosocial and proself motives seem most important when the dilemma is most pronounced and the collec-tive consequences most severe. At the same time, exper-iments examining the effects of personality differences on individual resource consumption have always been conducted in a “perfect world. ” Participants were usu-ally able to realize their intended consumption without any limitations; that is, they could fully translate thei

The Ingram Conjecture

We prove the Ingram Conjecture, i.e., we show that the inverse limit spaces of every two tent maps with different slopes in the interval [1, 2] are non-homeomorphic. Based on the structure obtained from the proof, we also show that every self-homeomorphism of the inverse limit space of the tent map is pseudo-isotopic, on the core, to some power of the shift homeomorphism