Effect of Temperature and Coating Thickness on the Release of Urea from Resin-Coated Granules

Resin coatings are very effective in controlling the availability of N from applied urea in moist soil. In leaching studies, 94% of the noncoated urea was recovered in 1 day, compared to a 49% recovery of the N from coated urea (13.2% resin) in 4 weeks of intermittent leaching. Release rates are controlled by the thickness of the coating and the temperature of the medium. Coatings averaging 13.2% resin markedly decreased release of urea, compared to coatings of 9.0% resin. In the range beween 5 to 35C, increased release of urea accompanied increases in temperature. After 4 weeks of incubation and intermittent leaching totaling 20 inches of water, 25 and 67% of the added N were leached from soil at 5 and 35C, respectively. Increasing the temperature 10C was approximately equivalent to doubling the release time within a 16-week period. Increasing the temperature increases expansion of the capsule and the surface area through which diffusion must take place. This effect is probably supplemental to the effect of temperature on the diffusion phenomena per se. Approximately 99% of the capsules were recovered intact after incubation for 16 weeks at four temperatures between 5 and 35C

A New Model for Void Coalescence by Internal Necking

A micromechanical model for predicting the strain increment required to bring a damaged material element from the onset of void coalescence up to final fracture is developed based on simple kinematics arguments. This strain increment controls the unloading slope and the energy dissipated during the final step of material failure. Proper prediction of the final drop of the load carrying capacity is an important ingredient of any ductile fracture model, especially at high stress triaxiality. The model has been motivated and verified by comparison to a large set of finite element void cell calculations.

Spin-orbit splitting and the tensor component of the Skyrme interaction

We study the role of the tensor term of the Skyrme effective interactions on the spin-orbit splittings in the N=82 isotones and Z=50 isotopes. The different role of the triplet-even and triplet-odd tensor forces is pointed out by analyzing the spin-orbit splittings in these nuclei. The experimental isospin dependence of these splittings cannot be described by Hartree-Fock calculations employing the usual Skyrme parametrizations, but is very well accounted for when the tensor interaction is introduced. The capability of the Skyrme forces to reproduce binding energies and charge radii in heavy nuclei is not destroyed by the introduction of the tensor term. Finally, we also discuss the effect of the tensor force on the centroid of the Gamow-Teller states.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.

Spectroscopy of resonance decays in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Invariant mass distributions of the hadronic decay products from resonances formed in relativistic heavy ion collision (RHIC) experiments are investigated with a view to disentangle the effects of thermal motion and the phase space of decay products from those of intrinsic changes in the structure of resonances at the freeze-out conditions. Analytic results of peak mass shifts for the cases of both equal and unequal mass decay products are derived. The shift is expressed in terms of the peak mass and width of the vacuum or medium-modified spectral functions and temperature. Examples of expected shifts in meson (e.g., rho, omega, and sigma) and baryon (e.g., Delta) resonances that are helpful to interpret recent RHIC measurements at BNL are provided. Although significant downward mass shifts are caused by widened widths of the $\rho-$meson in medium, a downward shift of at least 50 MeV in its intrinsic mass is required to account for the reported downward shift of 60-70 MeV in the peak of the rho-invariant mass distribution. An observed downward shift from the vacuum peak value of the Delta distinctively signals a significant downward shift in its intrinsic peak mass, since unlike for the rho-meson, phase space functions produce an upward shift for the Delta isobar.Comment: published version with slight change of title and some typos corrected, 12 pages, 5 figure

Effects on alcohol consumption of announcing and implementing revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines : findings from an interrupted time series analysis

Background: In January 2016, the UK announced and began implementing revised guidelines for low-risk drinking of 14 units (112 g) per week for men and women. This was a reduction from the previous guidelines for men of 3–4 units (24–32 g) per day. There was no large-scale promotion of the revised guidelines beyond the initial media announcement. This paper evaluates the effect of announcing the revised guidelines on alcohol consumption among adults in England. Methods: Data come from a monthly repeat cross-sectional survey of approximately 1700 adults living in private households in England collected between March 2014 and October 2017. The primary outcomes are change in level and time trend of participants’ Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores. Results: In December 2015, the modelled average AUDIT-C score was 2.719 out of 12 and was decreasing by 0.003 each month. After January 2016, AUDIT-C scores increased immediately but non-significantly to 2.720 (β=0.001, CI −0.079 to 0.099) and the trend changed significantly such that scores subsequently increased by 0.005 each month (β=0.008, CI 0.001 to 0.015), equivalent to 0.5% of the population increasing their AUDIT-C score by 1 point each month. Secondary analyses indicated the change in trend began 7 months before the guideline announcement and that AUDIT-C scores reduced significantly but temporarily for 4 months after the announcement (β=−0.087, CI −0.167 to 0.007). Conclusions: Announcing new UK drinking guidelines did not lead to a substantial or sustained reduction in drinking or a downturn in the long-term trend in alcohol consumption, but there was evidence of a temporary reduction in consumption

Thomson and Compton scattering with an intense laser pulse

Our paper concerns the scattering of intense laser radiation on free electrons and it is focused on the relation between nonlinear Compton and nonlinear Thomson scattering. The analysis is performed for a laser field modeled by an ideal pulse with a finite duration, a fixed direction of propagation and indefinitely extended in the plane perpendicular to it. We derive the classical limit of the quantum spectral and angular distribution of the emitted radiation, for an arbitrary polarization of the laser pulse. We also rederive our result directly, in the framework of classical electrodynamics, obtaining, at the same time, the distribution for the emitted radiation with a well defined polarization. The results reduce to those established by Krafft et al. [Phys. Rev. E 72, 056502 (2005)] in the particular case of linear polarization of the pulse, orthogonal to the initial electron momentum. Conditions in which the differences between classical and quantum results are visible are discussed and illustrated by graphs

Cross-language high similarity search using a conceptual thesaurus

This work addresses the issue of cross-language high similarity and near-duplicates search, where, for the given document, a highly similar one is to be identified from a large cross-language collection of documents. We propose a concept-based similarity model for the problem which is very light in computation and memory. We evaluate the model on three corpora of different nature and two language pairs English-German and English-Spanish using the Eurovoc conceptual thesaurus. Our model is compared with two state-of-the-art models and we find, though the proposed model is very generic, it produces competitive results and is significantly stable and consistent across the corpora.This work was done in the framework of the VLC/CAMPUS Microcluster on Multimodal Interaction in Intelligent Systems and it has been partially funded by the European Commission as part of the WIQ-EI IRSES project (grant no. 269180) within the FP 7 Marie Curie People Framework, and by the Text-Enterprise 2.0 research project (TIN2009-13391-C04-03). The research work of the second author is supported by the CONACyT 192021/302009 grantGupta, P.; Barrón Cedeño, LA.; Rosso, P. (2012). Cross-language high similarity search using a conceptual thesaurus. En Information Access Evaluation. Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Visual Analytics. Springer Verlag (Germany). 7488:67-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33247-0_8S6775748

Common determinants of dental caries and obesity in children : a multi-ethnic nested birth cohort study in the United Kingdom

The article examines the common determinants of childhood dental caries and obesity. Longitudinal data from the Born in Bradford cohort study (BiB1000) (n = 1735) and dental data (dental general anaesthetics (GA) and oral health survey 2014/15) (n = 171) were used to test a framework on the social determinants of childhood dental caries (decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) index) and obesity (body mass index (BMI)). The BiB1000 data were collected at pregnancy week 26–28 and after birth at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. The determinants were demographics, wellbeing, socio-economic status (SES), dietary behaviours and physical activity behaviour of the children. Missing data were accounted for through multiple imputation (MI). The framework was tested through structural equation modelling. Overall, the model fit was adequate. No alcohol consumption of the mother after giving birth, higher frequency of child drinking sugar-sweetened beverages, emotional and behavioural difficulties of the child and being male were directly associated with both BMI and dental caries. Caregivers uninvolved or indulgent feeding style were associated with higher BMI and less dental caries. Social deprivation was associated with lower BMI and higher dmft. Five determinants were directly associated with BMI only. Fifteen indirect paths were significant for both child dental caries and BMI. The findings suggest common determinants for both childhood obesity and dental caries. Common risk factor approach seems appropriate for planning future health promotion programmes

HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS OF ALDOSTERONE TO METOCLOPRAMIDE IN ALDOSTERONISM

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73101/1/j.1365-2265.1982.tb02761.x.pd

Coupled-channel effective field theory and proton-7^7Li scattering

We apply the renormalisation group (RG) to analyse scattering by short-range forces in systems with coupled channels. For two S-wave channels, we find three fixed points, corresponding to systems with zero, one or two bound or virtual states at threshold. We use the RG to determine the power countings for the resulting effective field theories. In the case of a single low-energy state, the resulting theory takes the form of an effective-range expansion in the strongly interacting channel. We also extend the analysis to include the effects of the Coulomb interaction between charged particles. The approach is then applied to the coupled $p+{^7}$Li and $n+{^7}$Be channels which couple to a $J^P=2^-$ state of $^8$Be very close to the $n+{^7}$Be threshold. At next-to-leading order, we are able to get a good description of the $p+{^7}$Li phase shift and the ${^7}$Be(n,p)${^7}$Li cross section using four parameters. Fits at one order higher are similarly good but the available data are not sufficient to determine all five parameters uniquely.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4, typos corrected, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal