Utilization of hemp waste

Hemp has been grown in the United States since early colonial days. However, until 1943 the acreage of this crop was not very extensive. In 1942 the hemp acreage in the United States was about 13,500 acres (26). In 1943, due to the urgent need for large quantities by the armed services, the hemp acreage was increased to about 176,000 acres (26). Whether hemp will be grown on a large scele after the present emergency will depend upon whether it can be grown economically enough to compete with other fibers.[...] However, the prices prevailing in 1943 are abnormal due to wartime conditions. It is doubtful whether hemp could compete favorably with corn in the postwar years because of renewed competition with cheap imported fibers, such as jute, sissal, and abaca. It is clear, therefore, that if the hemp industry is to survive on a large scale in the United States some additional source of income will have to be found. The most promising source of additional income would be the utilization of the waste hurds in such a way that the hurds would become valuable enough to pay for part of the expense of producing the hemp crop. The hurds are attractive as an agricultural by-product because they are segregated at the hemp mill and, unlike cornstalks, straw, and similar materials, do not have to be gathered together in the fields by a special operation in order to be delivered to a factory. The purpose of this study is to develop a process for utilizing the waste hemp hurds in a profitable manner

A process for the production of cellulose lignin and furfural from agricultural by-products

Cellulose, furfural, and lignin can be produced in one process from hemp hurds or corncobs at a reasonable cost. Plastics and ion-exchange resins were prepared from the lignin and cellulose. A cement additive was made from the hemp lignin which improved the flow of freshly mixed cement and increased the strength of the cement after setting. An equation for the prediction of index of refraction from chemical structure was developed. The index of refraction equation was used to calculate atomic radii. Another equation was derived, from the mechanism used in the derivation of the index of refraction equation, which explained the behavior of light in moving mediums. One of Freudenberg\u27s proposed structures of lignin was verified with the index of refraction equation

Heat-Assisted Multiferroic Solid-State Memory

A heat-assisted multiferroic solid-state memory design is proposed and analysed, based on a PbNbZrSnTiO3 antiferroelectric layer and Ni81Fe19 magnetic free layer. Information is stored as magnetisation direction in the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction element. The bit writing process is contactless and relies on triggering thermally activated magnetisation switching of the free layer towards a strain-induced anisotropy easy axis. A stress is generated using the antiferroelectric layer by voltage-induced antiferroelectric to ferroelectric phase change, and this is transmitted to the magnetic free layer by strain-mediated coupling. The thermally activated strain-induced magnetisation switching is analysed here using a three-dimensional, temperature-dependent magnetisation dynamics model, based on simultaneous evaluation of the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation and heat flow equation, together with stochastic thermal fields and magnetoelastic contributions. The magnetisation switching probability is calculated as a function of stress magnitude and maximum heat pulse temperature. An operating region is identified, where magnetisation switching always occurs, with stress values ranging from 80 to 180 MPa, and maximum temperatures normalised to the Curie temperature ranging from 0.65 to 0.99

Within-furrow Erosion and Deposition of Sediment and Phosphorus

Sediment, an end product of soil erosion, hampers irrigation, pollutes rivers, and is an economic loss to farmers and a resource loss to the nations of the world. Slope, soil condition, stream-size, and the cropping system are important factors that govern both within-field erosion and sediment loss from a field. Under present management systems, irrigation drainage streams continually load sediment into streams and rivers. Technology needs to be developed to reduce or eliminate sediments and absorbed nutrients from surface irrigation return flows. Robbins and Carter (3) reported that small sediment retention ponds could remove 80 to 95 percent of the suspended sediments from surface drainage water. Soil erosion damages both the area from which the soil is eroded and the area where sediment is deposited. Large amounts of sediment may be carried from irrigation fields. Brown and associates (1) reported sediment concentrations in surface irrigation return flows ranging from 20 to 15,000 mg/l. Carter and associates (2) found that phosphorus (P) can be conserved by removing sediment from irrigation return flow. They found higher P concentrations on smaller particles and aggregates than on larger particles and aggregates. For example, 550, 1,150, and 1,285 mg/liter total P were attached to the sand, silt, and clay fraction, respectively

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS OF DEPENDENCY, POWER AND INTERNAL-EXTERNAL LOCUS-OF-CONTROL IN DIFFERENTIATING AMONG UNREMITTED AND REMITTED ALCOHOLICS AND NON-ALCOHOLIC CONTROLS.

Dept. of Psychology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1975 .B85. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 36-02, Section: B, page: 0902. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1975

Proposed Limitation of Inpatient Rehabilitation for Medicare Beneficiaries: Delivery System Implications of the 75% Rule

No abstract available

Black Hole Pair Creation and the Entropy Factor

It is shown that in the instanton approximation the rate of creation of black holes is always enhanced by a factor of the exponential of the black hole entropy relative to the rate of creation of compact matter distributions (stars). This result holds for any generally covariant theory of gravitational and matter fields that can be expressed in Hamiltonian form. It generalizes the result obtained previously for the pair creation of magnetically charged black holes by a magnetic field in Einstein--Maxwell theory. The particular example of pair creation of electrically charged black holes by an electric field in Einstein--Maxwell theory is discussed in detail.Comment: (12 pages, ReVTeX) Revised version of "Pair Creation of Electrically Charged Black Holes". New section shows that the BH pair creation rate is enhanced by a factor $\exp(BH entropy)$ for any Hamiltonian gravity + matter theor