6,771 research outputs found
Mythes et massacres : reconsidérer la « terreur directoriale »
Sur la base dâarchives inĂ©dites du Service historique de lâArmĂ©e de Terre, lâauteur Ă©tudie la rĂ©pression judiciaire qui a suivi le coup dâĂtat du 18 fructidor anV. Ses sources mettent Ă jour notamment le rĂŽle des commissions militaires, le sort rĂ©servĂ© Ă plus de mille individus passĂ©s en jugement, les rythmes de cette rĂ©pression, enfin la composition sociologique du groupe Ă©tudiĂ©. H.Brown montre non seulement comment le Directoire a eu pour objectif tout Ă la fois de maintenir lâordre public et de prĂ©server une certaine stabilitĂ© politique, mais aussi comment il a portĂ© ses coups les plus sĂ©vĂšres contre tous ceux quâil estimait ĂȘtre ses rĂ©els adversaires politiques et non pas contre les seuls Ă©migrĂ©s ou les prĂȘtres rĂ©fractaires.Myths and Massacres: Reconsidering the Directoire Terror. Using unpublished source material from the French Army Historical Service, the author reviews the judicial repression which followed the coup of 18 Fructidor YearV. The sources reveal the role played by the military commissions, the lot of more than a thousand individuals indicted, the rhythm of repression and also the sociological make-up of the group surveyed. He shows not only how the Directoire aimed at preserving public order together with a certain political stability, but how it clamped down hardest on those it considered its real political adversaries, not just the emigrĂ©s or refractory priests
Revealing Shifts and Diversity in Understandings of Self Access Language Learning
This study has traced the growth of a new facility intended to promote independent language study in a Japanese university. The study traces this Self Access Learning Center (SALC) from its inception through the first two years of its development. It has revealed how key qualitative insights from an archive of semi-structured interviews, conversational narratives and questionnaires with students, teachers, center staff and university management are marked by their shifting and diverse nature. Findings related to language policy for the center show how initial âEnglish onlyâ regulations have been opposed and amended by stakeholders. Findings focusing on the center stakeholdersâ metaphors of self access language learning have changed or been supplemented and show great diversity. Importantly, SALCâs positioning in the wider university has experienced problems with diverse evaluation expectations and, despite considerable financial backing, remains marginalized. Finally, SALCâs integration with university curricula has seen mixed results; the center is connected closely to the English curriculum as taught by non-Japanese, but not to curricula taught by Japanese teachers of English or content subjects. This indicates that integration of university-wide curricula with autonomous modes of learning remains a hurdle. This study may inform other centers seeking to gather data on the diverse voices impacting upon their development
Insolubility Theorems and EPR Argument
I wish to thank in particular Arthur Fine for very perceptive comments on a previous draft of this paper. Many thanks also to Theo Nieuwenhuizen for inspiration, to Max Schlosshauer for correspondence, to two anonymous referees for shrewd observations, and to audiences at Aberdeen, Cagliari and Oxford (in particular to Harvey Brown, Elise Crull, Simon Saunders, Chris Timpson and David Wallace) for stimulating questions. This paper was written during my tenure of a Leverhulme Grant on âThe Einstein Paradoxâ: The Debate on Nonlocality and Incompleteness in 1935 (Project Grant nr. F/00 152/AN), and it was revised for publication during my tenure of a Visiting Professorship in the Doctoral School of Philosophy and Epistemology, University of Cagliari (Contract nr. 268/21647).Peer reviewedPostprin
Effective Potential of a Black Hole in Thermal Equilibrium with Quantum Fields
Expectation values of one-loop renormalized thermal equilibrium stress-energy
tensors of free conformal scalars, spin- fermions and U(1) gauge
fields on a Schwarzschild black hole background are used as sources in the
semi-classical Einstein equation. The back-reaction and new equilibrium metric
are solved for at for each spin field. The nature of the modified
black hole spacetime is revealed through calculations of the effective
potential for null and timelike orbits. Significant novel features affecting
the motions of both massive and massless test particles show up at lowest order
in , where is the renormalized black hole mass,
and is the Planck mass. Specifically, we find the tendency for
\underline{stable} circular photon orbits, an increase in the black hole
capture cross sections, and the existence of a gravitationally repulsive region
associated with the black hole which is generated from the U(1) back-reaction.
We also consider the back-reaction arising from multiple fields, which will be
useful for treating a black hole in thermal equilibrium with field ensembles
belonging to gauge theories.Comment: 25 pages (not including seven figures), VAND-TH-93-6. Typed in Latex,
uses RevTex macro
Vacuum polarization in two-dimensional static spacetimes and dimensional reduction
We obtain an analytic approximation for the effective action of a quantum
scalar field in a general static two-dimensional spacetime. We apply this to
the dilaton gravity model resulting from the spherical reduction of a massive,
non-minimally coupled scalar field in the four-dimensional Schwarzschild
geometry. Careful analysis near the event horizon shows the resulting
two-dimensional system to be regular in the Hartle-Hawking state for general
values of the field mass, coupling, and angular momentum, while at spatial
infinity it reduces to a thermal gas at the black-hole temperature.Comment: REVTeX 4, 23 pages. Accepted by PRD. Minor modifications from
original versio
SOPHIE+: First results of an octagonal-section fiber for high-precision radial velocity measurements
High-precision spectrographs play a key role in exoplanet searches and
Doppler asteroseismology using the radial velocity technique. The 1 m/s level
of precision requires very high stability and uniformity of the illumination of
the spectrograph. In fiber-fed spectrographs such as SOPHIE, the fiber-link
scrambling properties are one of the main conditions for high precision. To
significantly improve the radial velocity precision of the SOPHIE spectrograph,
which was limited to 5-6 m/s, we implemented a piece of octagonal-section fiber
in the fiber link. We present here the scientific validation of the upgrade of
this instrument, demonstrating a real improvement. The upgraded instrument,
renamed SOPHIE+, reaches radial velocity precision in the range of 1-2 m/s. It
is now fully efficient for the detection of low-mass exoplanets down to 5-10
Earth mass and for the identification of acoustic modes down to a few tens of
cm/s.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Estimating Infection Risks and the Global Burden of Diarrheal Disease Attributable to Intermittent Water Supply Using QMRA.
: Intermittent water supply (IWS) is prevalent throughout low and middle-income countries. IWS is associated with increased microbial contamination and potentially elevated risk of waterborne illness. We used existing data sets to estimate the population exposed to IWS, assess the probability of infection using quantitative microbial risk assessment, and calculate the subsequent burden of diarrheal disease attributable to consuming fecally contaminated tap water from an IWS. We used reference pathogens Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and rotavirus as conservative risk proxies for infections via bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, respectively. Results indicate that the median daily risk of infection is an estimated 1 in 23âŻ500 for Campylobacter, 1 in 5âŻ050âŻ000 for Cryptosporidium, and 1 in 118âŻ000 for rotavirus. Based on these risks, IWS may account for 17.2 million infections causing 4.52 million cases of diarrhea, 109âŻ000 diarrheal DALYs, and 1560 deaths each year. The burden of diarrheal disease associated with IWS likely exceeds the WHO health-based normative guideline for drinking water of 10-6 DALYs per person per year. Our results underscore the importance water safety management in water supplies and the potential benefits of point-of-use treatment to mitigate risks.<br/
PRISM: A randomised phase II trial of nivolumab in combination with alternatively scheduled ipilimumab in first-line treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma
U.S. StateâSupported Dental Schools: Financial Projections and Implications
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153620/1/jddj002203372006703tb04080x.pd
Characterization of the Lateral Distribution of Fluorescent Lipid in Binary-Constituent Lipid Monolayers by Principal Component Analysis
Lipid lateral organization in binary-constituent monolayers consisting of fluorescent and nonfluorescent lipids has been investigated by acquiring multiple emission spectra during measurement of each force-area isotherm. The emission spectra reflect BODIPY-labeled lipid surface concentration and lateral mixing with different nonfluorescent lipid species. Using principal component analysis (PCA) each spectrum could be approximated as the linear combination of only two principal vectors. One point on a plane could be associated with each spectrum, where the coordinates of the point are the coefficients of the linear combination. Points belonging to the same lipid constituents and experimental conditions form a curve on the plane, where each point belongs to a different mole fraction. The location and shape of the curve reflects the lateral organization of the fluorescent lipid mixed with a specific nonfluorescent lipid. The method provides massive data compression that preserves and emphasizes key information pertaining to lipid distribution in different lipid monolayer phases. Collectively, the capacity of PCA for handling large spectral data sets, the nanoscale resolution afforded by the fluorescence signal, and the inherent versatility of monolayers for characterization of lipid lateral interactions enable significantly enhanced resolution of lipid lateral organizational changes induced by different lipid compositions
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