487 research outputs found
Overview of Solid Target Studies for a Neutrino Factory
The UK programme of high power target developments for a Neutrino Factory is centred on the study of high-Z materials (tungsten, tantalum). A description of lifetime shock tests on candidate materials is given as part of the research into a solid target solution. A fast high current pulse is applied to a thin wire of the sample material and the lifetime measured from the number of pulses before failure. These measurements are made at temperatures up to ~2000 K. The stress on the wire is calculated using the LS-DYNA code and compared to the stress expected in the real Neutrino Factory target. It has been found that tantalum is too weak to sustain prolonged stress at these temperatures but a tungsten wire has reached over 26 million pulses (equivalent to more than ten years of operation at the Neutrino Factory). An account is given of the optimisation of secondary pion production from the target and the issues related to mounting the target in the muon capture solenoid and target station are discussed
The retinoid-related orphan receptor RORα promotes keratinocyte differentiation via FOXN1.
RORα is a retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor that regulates inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation of several non-epithelial tissues. In spite of its high expression in skin epithelium, its functions in this tissue remain unclear. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches to alter RORα gene expression in human keratinocytes (HKCs), we have found that this transcription factor functions as a regulator of epidermal differentiation. Among the 4 RORα isoforms, RORα4 is prominently expressed by keratinocytes in a manner that increases with differentiation. In contrast, RORα levels are significantly lower in skin squamous cell carcinoma tumors (SCCs) and cell lines. Increasing the levels of RORα4 in HKCs enhanced the expression of structural proteins associated with early and late differentiation, as well as genes involved in lipid barrier formation. Gene silencing of RORα impaired the ability of keratinocytes to differentiate in an in vivo epidermal cyst model. The pro-differentiation function of RORα is mediated at least in part by FOXN1, a well-known pro-differentiation transcription factor that we establish as a novel direct target of RORα in keratinocytes. Our results point to RORα as a novel node in the keratinocyte differentiation network and further suggest that the identification of RORα ligands may prove useful for treating skin disorders that are associated with abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, including cancer
Binding of aberrant glycoproteins recognizable by Helix pomatia agglutinin in adrenal cancers
Background. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer cells and plays an important role in oncogenesis and cancer progression including metastasis. This study aimed to assess alteration in cellular glycosylation, detected by lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) binding, in adrenal cancers and to determine whether such altered glycosylation has prognostic significance. Methods. HPA binding lectin histochemistry was performed on archival paraffin wax‐embedded specimens of adrenocortical cancers excised from patients attending two tertiary referral centres. Benign tumours were used as controls. Demographic, histological and survival data were collected and compared between patients with HPA‐positive and HPA‐negative tumours. Results. Thirty‐two patients were treated for adrenal cancer between 2000 and 2016; their median age was 49 (range 23–79) years. Fifteen patients had functioning tumours (14 adrenal Cushing's tumours and 1 Conn's tumour). Mean(s.d.) tumour size was 127·71(49·70) mm. None of 10 control tumours expressed HPA‐binding glycoproteins. Invasion was associated with HPA‐binding glycoproteins (P = 0·018). Local recurrence or metastatic disease did not significantly differ between HPA‐positive and HPA‐negative adrenocortical cancers. Overall survival was significantly longer in patients with HPA‐negative tumours (median survival not reached versus 22 months in patients with HPA‐positive tumours; P = 0·002). Conclusion. Altered cellular glycosylation detected by lectin HPA is associated with poor survival in patients with adrenocortical cancer
Pneumocysterol [ (24Z) - ethylidenelanost - 8 - en -3 rare sterol detected in opportunistic pathogen Pneumocyctis carinii hominis : Structural identity and chemical synthesis
Edna S. Kaneshiro, Zunika Amit, Mardie M. Swonger, George P. Kreishman, Elwood E. Brooks, Mara Kreishman, Koka Jayasimhulu, Hang Sun, Stephen A. Kizito, David H. Beach, Edward J. Parish
Tensor Correlations Measured in 3He(e,e'pp)n
We have measured the 3He(e,e'pp)n reaction at an incident energy of 4.7 GeV
over a wide kinematic range. We identified spectator correlated pp and pn
nucleon pairs using kinematic cuts and measured their relative and total
momentum distributions. This is the first measurement of the ratio of pp to pn
pairs as a function of pair total momentum, . For pair relative
momenta between 0.3 and 0.5 GeV/c, the ratio is very small at low and
rises to approximately 0.5 at large . This shows the dominance of
tensor over central correlations at this relative momentum.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Measurement of the nuclear multiplicity ratio for hadronization at CLAS
The influence of cold nuclear matter on lepto-production of hadrons in
semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is measured using the CLAS detector in
Hall B at Jefferson Lab and a 5.014 GeV electron beam. We report the
multiplicity ratios for targets of C, Fe, and Pb relative to deuterium as a
function of the fractional virtual photon energy transferred to the
and the transverse momentum squared of the . We find that the
multiplicity ratios for are reduced in the nuclear medium at high
and low , with a trend for the transverse momentum to be
broadened in the nucleus for large .Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Coherent Photoproduction of pi^+ from 3^He
We have measured the differential cross section for the
He reaction. This reaction was studied using
the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. Real photons
produced with the Hall-B bremsstrahlung tagging system in the energy range from
0.50 to 1.55 GeV were incident on a cryogenic liquid He target. The
differential cross sections for the He
reaction were measured as a function of photon-beam energy and pion-scattering
angle. Theoretical predictions to date cannot explain the large cross sections
except at backward angles, showing that additional components must be added to
the model.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figure
Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic scattering
The discrepancy between proton electromagnetic form factors extracted using
unpolarized and polarized scattering data is believed to be a consequence of
two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. However, the calculations of TPE corrections
have significant model dependence, and there is limited direct experimental
evidence for such corrections. We present the results of a new experimental
technique for making direct comparisons, which has the potential to
make precise measurements over a broad range in and scattering angles. We
use the Jefferson Lab electron beam and the Hall B photon tagger to generate a
clean but untagged photon beam. The photon beam impinges on a converter foil to
generate a mixed beam of electrons, positrons, and photons. A chicane is used
to separate and recombine the electron and positron beams while the photon beam
is stopped by a photon blocker. This provides a combined electron and positron
beam, with energies from 0.5 to 3.2 GeV, which impinges on a liquid hydrogen
target. The large acceptance CLAS detector is used to identify and reconstruct
elastic scattering events, determining both the initial lepton energy and the
sign of the scattered lepton. The data were collected in two days with a
primary electron beam energy of only 3.3 GeV, limiting the data from this run
to smaller values of and scattering angle. Nonetheless, this measurement
yields a data sample for with statistics comparable to those of the
best previous measurements. We have shown that we can cleanly identify elastic
scattering events and correct for the difference in acceptance for electron and
positron scattering. The final ratio of positron to electron scattering:
for GeV and
Measurement of the Nucleon Structure Function F2 in the Nuclear Medium and Evaluation of its Moments
We report on the measurement of inclusive electron scattering off a carbon
target performed with CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory. A combination of three
different beam energies 1.161, 2.261 and 4.461 GeV allowed us to reach an
invariant mass of the final-state hadronic system W~2.4 GeV with four-momentum
transfers Q2 ranging from 0.2 to 5 GeV2. These data, together with previous
measurements of the inclusive electron scattering off proton and deuteron,
which cover a similar continuous two-dimensional region of Q2 and Bjorken
variable x, permit the study of nuclear modifications of the nucleon structure.
By using these, as well as other world data, we evaluated the F2 structure
function and its moments. Using an OPE-based twist expansion, we studied the
Q2-evolution of the moments, obtaining a separation of the leading-twist and
the total higher-twist terms. The carbon-to-deuteron ratio of the leading-twist
contributions to the F2 moments exhibits the well known EMC effect, compatible
with that discovered previously in x-space. The total higher-twist term in the
carbon nucleus appears, although with large systematic uncertainites, to be
smaller with respect to the deuteron case for n<7, suggesting partial parton
deconfinement in nuclear matter. We speculate that the spatial extension of the
nucleon is changed when it is immersed in the nuclear medium.Comment: 37 pages, 15 figure
Observation of exclusive DVCS in polarized electron beam asymmetry measurements
We report the first results of the beam spin asymmetry measured in the
reaction e + p -> e + p + gamma at a beam energy of 4.25 GeV. A large asymmetry
with a sin(phi) modulation is observed, as predicted for the interference term
of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and the Bethe-Heitler process. The
amplitude of this modulation is alpha = 0.202 +/- 0.028. In leading-order and
leading-twist pQCD, the alpha is directly proportional to the imaginary part of
the DVCS amplitude.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
- …