Holocaust education and human rights. Holocaust discussions in social science textbooks worldwide, 1970-2008

This paper examines discussions of the Holocaust in 465 secondary school social science textbooks (history, civics, and social studies) from 69 countries published between 1970 and 2008. It finds that textbooks from Western countries are more likely to discuss the Holocaust early on, but the rate is increasing in other regions of the world. Moreover, these discussions are increasingly framed in terms of a universal violation of human rights. Today, over half of Holocaust discussions in textbooks use the language of human rights or a crime against humanity. The author argues the shift towards more abstract discourse depicting some events as culturally relevant worldwide reflects the construction of a globalized culture and society. (DIPF/Orig.)Die Autorin analysiert in ihrem Beitrag die Repräsentation des Holocaust in sozialwissenschaftlichen Schulbüchern in 69 Ländern über den Zeitraum von 1970-2008. Auf der Folie einer dreidimensionalen Heuristik zur Untersuchung des pädagogischen Umgangs mit dem Holocaust fokussiert sie mit ihrem cross-nationalen Blick auf Schulbücher die Ebene des programmatisch-konzeptuellen Sprechens. Ungeachtet nationaler und regionaler Unterschiede stellt sie fest, dass die Repräsentation des Holocaust in Schulbüchern zwar früher und entsprechend stärker in Ländern zu finden ist, die der westlichen Welt zugerechnet werden. Gleichwohl habe sich die Thematisierung des Holocaust im Untersuchungszeitraum weltweit verbreitet. Mit Blick auf die semantische Gestalt der Repräsentationen des Holocaust identifiziert sie in den Schulbüchern eine zunehmende Verknüpfung des historischen Zugangs (der Holocaust als geschichtliches Ereignis) mit dem Menschenrechtsdiskurs, in dem der Holocaust als Extrembeispiel für Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit thematisiert wird. In neo-institutionalistischer Perspektive erklärt sie diese Verknüpfung als Ausdruck einer \u27cultural globalization\u27, in der der Bezug auf den Menschenrechtsdiskurs ein Bestandteil sei. (DIPF/Orig.

Who is ‘Davos man’ today?

For decades, the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, has attracted a lot of criticism and the idea of a “Davos Man”, rich, alienated, detached from his national roots, and full of empty talk, became a popular trope. However, Shawn Pope and Patricia Bromley analysed all of the organisation’s press releases for the past eight years and found that Davos Man has changed. The WEF can now count on “Davos Woman” and uses fewer words related to growth and development, and more related to social inclusion and the environment

COVID 19 in babies: Knowledge for neonatal care

Crown Copyright © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Neonatal Nurses Association. All rights reserved.Infection is a leading cause of death worldwide in babies under one month of age who are more susceptible to sepsis due to immature host defence mechanisms. Usually, babies may become acutely unwell from infective pathogens due to specific differences in their respiratory and immune systems. However, with the Covid-19 virus, the focus of this paper, it appears that the neonatal population is not significantly affected in the same way as adults. That said, knowledge about this novel virus is rapidly emerging. Therefore, it is vital that neonatal nurses, midwives and other healthcare professionals are adequately informed and educated about the potential impact on neonatal practice. This review paper draws upon key findings and themes from a selection of recent literature to provide an overview of current knowledge on Covid-19 and the implications for care within the neonatal field. The discussion focuses on the nature of Covid-19, its pathophysiology and transmission relevant to maternal and neonatal care. This is followed by implications for practice; namely, maternal issues, the importance of human breast milk, neonatal care relating to parenting and specific management before a final review of the current World Health Organization guidance.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

A novel adaptor protein orchestrates receptor patterning and cytoskeletal polarity in T-cell contacts.

Recognition of antigen by T cells requires the formation of a specialized junction between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell. This junction is generated by the recruitment and the exclusion of specific proteins from the contact area. The mechanisms that regulate these events are unknown. Here we demonstrate that ligand engagement of the adhesion molecule, CD2, initiates a process of protein segregation, CD2 clustering, and cytoskeletal polarization. Although protein segregation was not dependent on the cytoplasmic domain of CD2, CD2 clustering and cytoskeletal polarization required an interaction of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain with a novel SH3-containing protein. This novel protein, called CD2AP, is likely to facilitate receptor patterning in the contact area by linking specific adhesion receptors to the cytoskeleton

Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact.

BACKGROUND: Interventions to promote healthy eating make a potentially powerful contribution to the primary prevention of non communicable diseases. It is not known whether healthy eating interventions are equally effective among all sections of the population, nor whether they narrow or widen the health gap between rich and poor. We undertook a systematic review of interventions to promote healthy eating to identify whether impacts differ by socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: We searched five bibliographic databases using a pre-piloted search strategy. Retrieved articles were screened independently by two reviewers. Healthier diets were defined as the reduced intake of salt, sugar, trans-fats, saturated fat, total fat, or total calories, or increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and wholegrain. Studies were only included if quantitative results were presented by a measure of SEP. Extracted data were categorised with a modified version of the "4Ps" marketing mix, expanded to 6 "Ps": "Price, Place, Product, Prescriptive, Promotion, and Person". RESULTS: Our search identified 31,887 articles. Following screening, 36 studies were included: 18 "Price" interventions, 6 "Place" interventions, 1 "Product" intervention, zero "Prescriptive" interventions, 4 "Promotion" interventions, and 18 "Person" interventions. "Price" interventions were most effective in groups with lower SEP, and may therefore appear likely to reduce inequalities. All interventions that combined taxes and subsidies consistently decreased inequalities. Conversely, interventions categorised as "Person" had a greater impact with increasing SEP, and may therefore appear likely to reduce inequalities. All four dietary counselling interventions appear likely to widen inequalities. We did not find any "Prescriptive" interventions and only one "Product" intervention that presented differential results and had no impact by SEP. More "Place" interventions were identified and none of these interventions were judged as likely to widen inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions categorised by a "6 Ps" framework show differential effects on healthy eating outcomes by SEP. "Upstream" interventions categorised as "Price" appeared to decrease inequalities, and "downstream" "Person" interventions, especially dietary counselling seemed to increase inequalities. However the vast majority of studies identified did not explore differential effects by SEP. Interventions aimed at improving population health should be routinely evaluated for differential socioeconomic impact

Advanced EFL learners' beliefs about language learning and teaching: a comparison between grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary

This paper reports on the results of a study exploring learners’ beliefs on the learning and teaching of English grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary at tertiary level. While the importance of learners’ beliefs on the acquisition process is generally recognized, few studies have focussed on and compared learners’ views on different components of the language system. A questionnaire containing semantic scale and Likert scale items probing learners’ views on grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary was designed and completed by 117 native speakers of Dutch in Flanders, who were studying English at university. The analysis of the responses revealed that (i) vocabulary was considered to be different from grammar and pronunciation, both in the extent to which an incorrect use could lead to communication breakdown and with respect to the learners’ language learning strategies, (ii) learners believed in the feasibility of achieving a native-like proficiency in all three components, and (iii) in-class grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary exercises were considered to be useful, even at tertiary level. The results are discussed in light of pedagogical approaches to language teaching

The Social Effects of Entrepreneurship on Society and Some Potential Remedies: Four Provocations

A rapidly growing research stream examines the social effects of entrepreneurship on society. This research assesses the rise of entrepreneurship as a dominant theme in society and studies how entrepreneurship contributes to the production and acceptance of socio-economic inequality regimes, social problems, class and power struggles, and systemic inequities. In this article, scholars present new perspectives on an organizational sociology-inspired research agenda of entrepreneurial capitalism and detail the potential remedies to bound the unfettered expansion of a narrow conception of entrepreneurship. Taken together, the essays put forward four central provocations: 1) reform the study and pedagogy of entrepreneurship by bringing in the humanities; 2) examine entrepreneurship as a cultural phenomenon shaping society; 3) go beyond the dominant biases in entrepreneurship research and pedagogy; and 4) explore alternative models to entrepreneurial capitalism. More scholarly work scrutinizing the entrepreneurship–society nexus is urgently needed, and these essays provide generative arguments toward further developing this research agenda

Correction:The Health Equity and Effectiveness of Policy Options to Reduce Dietary Salt Intake in England: Policy Forecast

There is information missing from funding section of this paper. The funding section should read: This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research (NIHR SPHR) through a grant (SPHR-LIL-PH1-MCD) to the LiLaC collaboration between the University of Liverpool and Lancaster University. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health