Adheze, růst a diferenciace osteoblastů a kmenových stromálních buněk na povrchu biokompatibilních nanomateriálů

Tato dizertační práce je založena na článcích popisujících základní výzkum uhlíkových nanomateriálů pro možné užití v biomedicíně. Cílem této práce bylo popsat způsob, kterým lidské osteoblasty (linie SAOS-2) a primární lidské mesenchymální kmenové buňky (hMSC) adherují, rostou a jak se chovají na povrchu několika uhlíkových alotropů - nanokrystalickém diamantu (NCD), filmu z jednostěnných uhlíkových nanotub (SWCNT) a grafenu. Využití uhlíku jako základního materiálu slibovalo vysokou biokompatibilitu a možnost užitečných modifikací povrchu. NCD měl upravenou nanotopografii povrchu (nanodrsnost a nanostrukturování suchým leptáním). Všechny materiály měly pak upravenou povrchovou atomární terminaci kyslíkem a vodíkem, která mění povrchovou elektrickou vodivost, povrchový náboj a smáčivost. Bylo předpokládáno, že terminace může mít také vliv na buněčnou adhezi a proliferaci. Ukázalo se, že studované materiály je vskutku možné použít jako substrát pro kultivaci výše zmíněných adherentních buněčných typů. Různé nanodrsnosti povrchu NCD měly rozdílný vliv na adhezi a metabolickou aktivitu diferencovaných SAOS-2 a nediferencovaných hMSC. Nanostrukturování NCD ovlivnilo formování fokálních adhezí buněk. Povrchové terminace NCD a dalších studovaných nanomateriálů v součinnosti s proteiny fetálního...The thesis is based on articles describing the fundamental research of carbon based nanomaterials for their possible utilization in biomedicine. The aim of this thesis was to describe the way how human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhere, grow and behave on surfaces made of several carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) films and graphene. The utilization of carbon as the basic material promised good biocompatibility and possibility of useful surface modifications. The NCD had modified surface nanotopography (nanoroughness and nanostructuring prepared by dry ion etching). All the materials had modified surface atomic termination with oxygen and hydrogen which changes the surface electrical conductivity, surface charge and wettability. It was hypothesized that the surface termination can also influence the cell adhesion and growth. It turned out that all the studied materials were suitable as substrates for cultivation of mentioned cell types. Various nanoroughnesses of NCD surface had different effect on the cell adhesion and cell metabolic activity. Nanostructuring of the NCD influenced the formation of focal adhesions. The surface terminations of NCD and the other studied nanomaterials in...Katedra genetiky a mikrobiologieDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

The second type of linguistic relativity. Dell Hymes´s ethnography of communication.

Práce přibližuje obor etnografie komunikace - metody analýzy diskurzu v lingvistice, se zaměřením na druhý typ jazykové relativity, pojem amerického antropologa a sociolingvisty Della Hathawaye Hymese. Vychází z potřeby studovat jazyk a řeč v jejich společenském a kulturním kontextu. Východiskem textu je představení teorie jazykové kompetence Noama Chomského a první jazykové relativity Benjamina Lee Whorfa, které Hymes neshledává schopnými plně pokrýt všechny roviny jazykové komunikace. Pomocí srovnání jsou uvedeny pojmy, které zavádí Hymes, jako náhradní, tedy pojmy komunikační kompetence a tzv. druhý typ jazykové relativity, které neignorují širší souvislosti. Součástí práce je aplikace metod etnografie komunikace v umístění prostoru kanceláře v rámci problematiky firemní komunikace. Primárně je zvolen kontext řečové komunity a její komunikační návyky, jako referenční rámec výzkumu a ne pouze řeč sama.Katedra antropologieObhájenoThe thesis describes discipline ethnography of communication - method of discourse analysis in linguistics, with a focus on the second type of linguistic relativity, the concept of American anthropologist and sociolinguist Dell Hathaway Hymes. Based on the need to study the language and speech in their social and cultural context. The starting point of the text is to introduce the theory of Noam Chomsky's linguistic competence and the first linguistic relativity of Benjamin Lee Whorf, that Hymes does not feel able to fully cover all levels of linguistic communication. By comparing those concepts introduced by Hymes, as an alternative, that the concepts of communicative competence and the second type of linguistic relativity that do not ignore the wider context. Part of this work is the application of methods of ethnography of communication in the setting of office space in the issue of company communications. Primarily the context of speech community and its communication habits is chosen as a frame of reference of research not only speech itself

Adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells on biocompatible nanomaterial surfaces

The thesis is based on articles describing the fundamental research of carbon based nanomaterials for their possible utilization in biomedicine. The aim of this thesis was to describe the way how human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhere, grow and behave on surfaces made of several carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) films and graphene. The utilization of carbon as the basic material promised good biocompatibility and possibility of useful surface modifications. The NCD had modified surface nanotopography (nanoroughness and nanostructuring prepared by dry ion etching). All the materials had modified surface atomic termination with oxygen and hydrogen which changes the surface electrical conductivity, surface charge and wettability. It was hypothesized that the surface termination can also influence the cell adhesion and growth. It turned out that all the studied materials were suitable as substrates for cultivation of mentioned cell types. Various nanoroughnesses of NCD surface had different effect on the cell adhesion and cell metabolic activity. Nanostructuring of the NCD influenced the formation of focal adhesions. The surface terminations of NCD and the other studied nanomaterials in..

Barva v díle The King in Yellow Roberta W. Chamberse

The thesis deals with a collection of short stories The King in Yellow (1895) by the American writer Robert W. Chambers (1865-1933). It primarily focuses on the role of yellow as a meaning-making and symbolic component of the narrative. The theoretical part concerns the aesthetic perception of yellow and its popularity during the fin de siecle period, i.e. in the context of Symbolism, Aestheticism, decadence, degeneration and the feeling of decline or perversion. The practical part concentrates fully on the selected work The King in Yellow. It examines the motif of yellow, present in the character of The King in Yellow and Yellow Signs, against the background of the theoretical part and verifies the degree of participation of other authors in the turn-of-the-century trend to thematize this colour in their literary works.Tato práce se zaměřuje na sbírku povídek The King in Yellow (1895) amerického spisovatele Roberta W. Chamberse (1865-1933). Primárně se soustředí na roli žluté barvy jako významotvorné a symbolické složky vyprávění. Teoretická část pojednává o estetickém vnímání žluté barvy a o její popularitě v období fin de siecle, tedy v kontextu symbolismu, aestheticismu, dekadence, degenerace a pocitu úpadku či zvrácenosti. Praktická část se plně soustředí na vybrané dílo The King in Yellow. Prozkoumává motiv žluté, přítomný v postavě Krále ve žlutém a Žlutém znamení, na pozadí teoretické části a ověřuje míru participace ostatních autorů na dobovém trendu tuto barvu ve svých literárních dílech tematizovat.Fakulta filozofickáKolega stručně představil cíle a záměry své práce. Při obhajobě prokázal solidní přehled v diskutované problematice, na dotazy reagoval věcně, erudovaně, jeho výstup byl kultivovaný. I proto se komise shodla na hodnocení B.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Myth in Edgar Wallace's Prose

Diplomová práce se zaměří na dílo Edgara Wallace v kontextu mýtické literatury. První část představuje teorie mýtu a jeho zapojení do tvorby modernistů. Druhá kapitola vysvětluje, duální povahu mýtu jako pravdy či falše a koncept posunu mýtu k romanci. Třetí část se zaměřuje na primitivismus jako protilék na přecivilizovanou společnost nebo formu civilizačního úpadku. Závěr práce shrnuje všechny literární nástroje, které Edgar Wallace používá ke zvýšení napětí ve své tvorbě.The thesis will focus on the work of Edgar Wallace in the context of mythic literature. The first part introduces theories of myth and its involvement in the work of the modernists. The second section explains the dual nature of myth as truth or falsity and the concept of the displacement of myth to romance. The third section focuses on primitivism as an antidote to an overcivilized society or a form of civilizational decline. The thesis concludes by summarizing all the literary devices Edgar Wallace uses to increase suspense in his work.Fakulta filozofickáDiplomant komisi seznámil se závěry a zjištěními své práce. Velmi kultivovaně se vyjadřoval k podnětům komise. Na základě velmi seriozních a ucelených komentářů a vyjádřením se komise shodla na hodnocení B.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells on biocompatible nanomaterial surfaces

The thesis is based on articles describing the fundamental research of carbon based nanomaterials for their possible utilization in biomedicine. The aim of this thesis was to describe the way how human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhere, grow and behave on surfaces made of several carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) films and graphene. The utilization of carbon as the basic material promised good biocompatibility and possibility of useful surface modifications. The NCD had modified surface nanotopography (nanoroughness and nanostructuring prepared by dry ion etching). All the materials had modified surface atomic termination with oxygen and hydrogen which changes the surface electrical conductivity, surface charge and wettability. It was hypothesized that the surface termination can also influence the cell adhesion and growth. It turned out that all the studied materials were suitable as substrates for cultivation of mentioned cell types. Various nanoroughnesses of NCD surface had different effect on the cell adhesion and cell metabolic activity. Nanostructuring of the NCD influenced the formation of focal adhesions. The surface terminations of NCD and the other studied nanomaterials in..

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

Diamond nanoparticles, known as nanodiamonds (NDs), possess several medically significant properties. Having a tailorable and easily accessible surface gives them great potential for use in sensing and imaging applications and as a component of cell growth scaffolds. In this work we investigate in vitro interactions of human osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells with four different groups of NDs, namely high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) NDs (diameter 18–210 nm, oxygen-terminated), photoluminescent HPHT NDs (diameter 40 nm, oxygen-terminated), detonation NDs (diameter 5 nm, H-terminated), and the same detonation NDs further oxidized by annealing at 450 °C. The influence of the NDs on cell viability and cell count was measured by the mitochondrial metabolic activity test and by counting cells with stained nuclei. The interaction of NDs with cells was monitored by phase contrast live-cell imaging in real time. For both types of oxygen-terminated HPHT NDs, the cell viability and the cell number remained almost the same for concentrations up to 100 µg/mL within the whole range of ND diameters tested. The uptake of hydrogen-terminated detonation NDs caused the viability and the cell number to decrease by 80–85%. The oxidation of the NDs hindered the decrease, but on day 7, a further decrease was observed. While the O-terminated NDs showed mechanical obstruction of cells by agglomerates preventing cell adhesion, migration and division, the H-terminated detonation NDs exhibited rapid penetration into the cells from the beginning of the cultivation period, and also rapid cell congestion and a rapid reduction in viability. These findings are discussed with reference to relevant properties of NDs such as surface chemical bonds, zeta potential and nanoparticle types

Digestate Application Methods and Rates with Regard to Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Conditions

Digestate is commonly used as a liquid organic fertilizer, as it contains nutrients that are important for plant growth and thus help reduce usage of mineral fertilizers. Since the digestate application leads to the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, it is necessary to find a suitable application method and fertilizer rate with minimal gas emissions while providing sufficient nutrients to crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected GHGs and ammonia (NH3) release into the atmosphere and different rates of digestate applied, i.e., 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 m3 ha−1. Two digestate incorporation methods were used, i.e., a disc application unit (D) and strip-till (S). The fluxes, i.e., methane (CH4), ammonia, and carbon dioxide (CO2), were monitored using the wind tunnel method. Crop growth and potential nutrient utilization by silage maize were assessed through stand condition monitoring by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) using remote sensing. Under the given conditions, the digestate rates and the compared application methods had significant effects on the level of fluxes. The rate of digestate was confirmed to affect the yield of silage maize. The yield increased by more than 8% when using the disc applicator. Based on our results, it is advisable to apply digestate by strip-till technology at rates of approximately 20 m3 ha−1

Biokompatibilní hydrogely na bázi chitosanu, celulózy/škrobu, PVA a PEDOT:PSS s vysokou flexibilitou a mechanickou pevností

Příprava mechanicky pevných hydrogelů, které vydrží podmínky ve vnitřních tkáních, je náročný úkol. Navrhli jsme hydrogely založené na vícesložkových systémech, na kombinaci chitosanu, škrobu/celulózy, PVA a PEDOT:PSS prostřednictvím „one-pot“ syntézy. Hydrogely na bázi škrobu byly homogenní, zatímco hydrogely na bázi celulózy vykazovaly přítomnost celulózových mikro- a nanovláken. Hydrogely na bázi celulózy vykazovaly bobtnací poměr mezi 121 a 156 %, zatímco hydrogely na bázi škrobu vykazovaly vyšší hodnoty, od 234 do 280 %. Tahové testy ukázaly, že přítomnost škrobu v hydrogelech poskytuje vysokou flexibilitu (deformace při přetržení > 300 %), zatímco kombinace s celulózou vedla k tvorbě tužších hydrogelů (moduly pružnosti 3,9–6,6 MPa). Mezní pevnost v tahu pro oba typy hydrogelů byla podobná (2,8–3,9 MPa). Adheze a růst lidských buněk SAOS-2 podobných osteoblastům byl vyšší na hydrogelech s celulózou než na hydrogelech se škrobem a byl vyšší na hydrogelech s PEDOT:PSS než na hydrogelech bez tohoto polymeru. Metabolická aktivita buněk kultivovaných po dobu 3 dnů v hydrogelových infuzích ukázala, že se neuvolňovaly žádné akutně toxické sloučeniny. To je slibné pro další možné aplikace těchto hydrogelů v tkáňovém inženýrství nebo v obvazech ran.Fabricating mechanically strong hydrogels that can withstand the conditions in internal tissues is a challenging task. We have designed hydrogels based on multicomponent systems by combining chitosan, starch/cellulose, PVA, and PEDOT:PSS via one-pot synthesis. The starch-based hydrogels were homogeneous, while the cellulose-based hydrogels showed the presence of cellulose micro- and nanofibers. The cellulose-based hydrogels demonstrated a swelling ratio between 121 and 156%, while the starch-based hydrogels showed higher values, from 234 to 280%. Tensile tests indicated that the presence of starch in the hydrogels provided high flexibility (strain at break > 300%), while combination with cellulose led to the formation of stiffer hydrogels (elastic moduli 3.9–6.6 MPa). The ultimate tensile strength for both types of hydrogels was similar (2.8–3.9 MPa). The adhesion and growth of human osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells was higher on hydrogels with cellulose than on hydrogels with starch, and was higher on hydrogels with PEDOT:PSS than on hydrogels without this polymer. The metabolic activity of cells cultivated for 3 days in the hydrogel infusions indicated that no acutely toxic compounds were released. This is promising for further possible applications of these hydrogels in tissue engineering or in wound dressings