Nível de atividade física em professores da rede estadual de ensino

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of physical activity in public school teachers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with 1,681 teachers from the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, in 2009. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version was applied and the level of physical activity was categorized as low, moderate or high. The study sample was stratified by age, gender and area of the city (south and east). The chi-square test was used for comparisons at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of low, moderate and high levels of physical activity was 46.3%, 42.7% and 11%, respectively. Low physical activity was more prevalent among those aged 31 to 42 years (19.5%) and less prevalent among those aged 55 to 66 (5.7%). Moderate and high levels of physical activity were less prevalent among older teachers. A greater proportion of teachers showed low and high levels of physical activity in the east compared to the south of the city (50.5% vs. 48.6%; 11.4% vs. 8.1%, respectively). The proportion of teachers reporting moderate physical activity was significantly lower in the east (38.1%) compared to the south of the city (43.3%). Low and high levels of physical activity were significantly higher in men than women (53% vs. 42.9%; 14.1% vs. 9.4%, respectively). The prevalence of moderate level of physical activity was significantly lower in men (32.9%) than women (47.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low physical activity was strikingly high. Variables such as age, gender and city area should be taken into account while planning and targeting campaigns aimed at promoting increased physical activity in this population.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el nivel de actividad física en profesores de la red pública estatal de educación. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal conducido con 1.681 profesores de Sao Paulo, sureste de Brasil, en 2009. La versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física fue aplicada y el nivel de actividad física de los profesores fue categorizado en bajo, moderado o alto. La muestra fue estratificada por edad, región de la ciudad y sexo. La prueba de chi-cuadrado fue aplicada en las comparaciones y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue de pOBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de atividade física em professores da rede pública estadual de ensino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com 1.681 professores de São Paulo, SP, em 2009. A versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física foi aplicada e o nível de atividade física dos professores foi categorizado em baixo, moderado ou alto. A amostra foi estratificada por idade, região da cidade e sexo. O teste de qui-quadrado foi aplicado nas comparações e o nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de nível baixo de atividade física foi de 46,3%, e os níveis moderado e alto representaram 42,7% e 11%, respectivamente. Níveis baixos de atividade física foram mais prevalentes em indivíduos de 31 a 42 anos (19,5%) e menor prevalência foi observada de 55 a 66 anos (5,7%). Níveis moderados e altos foram menos prevalentes em idade mais avançada. Mais professores apresentaram nível baixo (50,5%) e alto (11,4%) de atividade física na região leste em relação à sul (baixo: 48,6%; alto: 8.1%). O número de professores com nível moderado foi significativamente menor na região leste (38,1%) comparada à sul (43,3%). O número de homens com nível baixo (53%) e alto (14,1%) de atividade física foi significantemente maior que em mulheres (baixo: 42,9%; alto: 9,4%). A prevalência de homens com nível moderado (32,9%) foi significativamente menor em comparação às mulheres (47,7%). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de nível baixo de atividade física foi marcadamente elevada. Diferenças nas idades, regiões e sexos devem ser consideradas no planejamento e direcionamento de campanhas que visem promover aumento dos níveis de atividade física nessa população

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Nivel de actividad física en profesores de la red estatal de educación

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of physical activity in public school teachers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with 1,681 teachers from the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, in 2009. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version was applied and the level of physical activity was categorized as low, moderate or high. The study sample was stratified by age, gender and area of the city (south and east). The chi-square test was used for comparisons at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of low, moderate and high levels of physical activity was 46.3%, 42.7% and 11%, respectively. Low physical activity was more prevalent among those aged 31 to 42 years (19.5%) and less prevalent among those aged 55 to 66 (5.7%). Moderate and high levels of physical activity were less prevalent among older teachers. A greater proportion of teachers showed low and high levels of physical activity in the east compared to the south of the city (50.5% vs. 48.6%; 11.4% vs. 8.1%, respectively). The proportion of teachers reporting moderate physical activity was significantly lower in the east (38.1%) compared to the south of the city (43.3%). Low and high levels of physical activity were significantly higher in men than women (53% vs. 42.9%; 14.1% vs. 9.4%, respectively). The prevalence of moderate level of physical activity was significantly lower in men (32.9%) than women (47.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low physical activity was strikingly high. Variables such as age, gender and city area should be taken into account while planning and targeting campaigns aimed at promoting increased physical activity in this population.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el nivel de actividad física en profesores de la red pública estatal de educación. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal conducido con 1.681 profesores de São Paulo, sureste de Brasil, en 2009. La versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física fue aplicada y el nivel de actividad física de los profesores fue categorizado en bajo, moderado o alto. La muestra fue estratificada por edad, región de la ciudad y sexo. La prueba de chi-cuadrado fue aplicada en las comparaciones y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de nivel bajo de actividad física fue de 46,3%, y los niveles moderado y alto representaron 42,7% y 11%, respectivamente. Niveles bajos de actividad física fueron más prevalecientes en individuos de 31 a 42 años (19,5%) y menor prevalencia fue observada de 55 a 66 años (5,7%). Niveles moderados y altos fueron menos prevalecientes en edad más avanzada. Un mayor número de profesores presentó nivel bajo (50,5%) y alto (11,4%) de actividad física en la región este con relación a la sur (bajo: 48,6%; alto: 8,1%). El número de profesores con nivel moderado fue significativamente menor en la región este (38,1%) comparada con la región sur (43,3%). El número de hombres con nivel bajo (53%) y alto (14,1%) de actividad física fue significativamente mayor que el de las mujeres (bajo: 42,9%); alto: 9,4%). La prevalencia de hombres con nivel moderado (32,9%) fue significativamente menor en comparación con el de las mujeres (47,7%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de nivel bajo de actividad física fue marcadamente elevada. Diferencias en las edades, regiones y sexos deben ser consideradas en la planificación y direccionamiento de campañas que apuntan promover aumento de los niveles de actividad física en esta población.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de atividade física em professores da rede pública estadual de ensino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido com 1.681 professores de São Paulo, SP, em 2009. A versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física foi aplicada e o nível de atividade física dos professores foi categorizado em baixo, moderado ou alto. A amostra foi estratificada por idade, região da cidade e sexo. O teste de qui-quadrado foi aplicado nas comparações e o nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de nível baixo de atividade física foi de 46,3%, e os níveis moderado e alto representaram 42,7% e 11%, respectivamente. Níveis baixos de atividade física foram mais prevalentes em indivíduos de 31 a 42 anos (19,5%) e menor prevalência foi observada de 55 a 66 anos (5,7%). Níveis moderados e altos foram menos prevalentes em idade mais avançada. Mais professores apresentaram nível baixo (50,5%) e alto (11,4%) de atividade física na região leste em relação à sul (baixo: 48,6%; alto: 8.1%). O número de professores com nível moderado foi significativamente menor na região leste (38,1%) comparada à sul (43,3%). O número de homens com nível baixo (53%) e alto (14,1%) de atividade física foi significantemente maior que em mulheres (baixo: 42,9%; alto: 9,4%). A prevalência de homens com nível moderado (32,9%) foi significativamente menor em comparação às mulheres (47,7%). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de nível baixo de atividade física foi marcadamente elevada. Diferenças nas idades, regiões e sexos devem ser consideradas no planejamento e direcionamento de campanhas que visem promover aumento dos níveis de atividade física nessa população.Universidade Nove de Julho Departamento de Educação FísicaSecretaria da Educação do Estado de São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de MedicinaUNIFESP, Depto. de MedicinaSciEL

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research