Koinonia

Guiding Principles: Toward Development of An Ethic of National and Community Service with an Emphasis Upon Higher Education, Cliff Briggs President\u27s Corner Focus on the ACSD 1993 National Conference: Mirrors of the Past, Directions for the Future When Goals Hinder Vision CoCCA: Planning Activities for Adult Students; Hot Program and Promotional Tips Males\u27 Attributions and Expectancies about Potential Mates as a Function of Sex Roles Part IIhttps://pillars.taylor.edu/acsd_koinonia/1048/thumbnail.jp

Can dasymetric mapping significantly improve population data reallocation in a dense urban area?

The issue of reallocating population figures from a set of geographical units onto another set of units has received a great deal of attention in the literature. Every other day, a new algorithm is proposed, claiming that it outperforms competitor procedures. Unfortunately, when the new (usually more complex) methods are applied to a new data set, the improvements attained are sometimes just marginal. The relationship cost-effectiveness of the solutions is case-dependent. The majority of studies have focused on large areas with heterogeneous population density distributions. The general conclusion is that as a rule more sophisticated methods are worth the effort. It could be argued, however, that when we work with a variable that varies gradually in relatively homogeneous small units, simple areal weighting methods could be sufficient and that ancillary variables would produce marginal improvements. For the case of reallocating census data, our study shows that, even under the above conditions, the most sophisticated approaches clearly yield the better results. After testing fourteen methods in Barcelona (Spain), the best results are attained using as ancillary variable the total dwelling area in each residential building. Our study shows the 3-D methods as generating the better outcomes followed by multiclass 2-D procedures, binary 2-D approaches and areal weighting and 1-D algorithms. The point-based interpolation procedures are by far the ones producing the worst estimates.We wish to thank three anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions and comments, the Spanish Official Statistical Agency (INE) for their first-rate assistance in producing, from individual records, the benchmark variables analyzed in this research and Marie Hodkinson for revising the English of the paper. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness under Grant CSO2013-43054-R.Pavía, JM.; Cantarino Martí, I. (2017). Can dasymetric mapping significantly improve population data reallocation in a dense urban area?. Geographical Analysis. 49(2):155-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12112S15517449

Variability in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality rates between national health service trusts and regions in England: A national observational study for the Getting It Right First Time Programme

Background A key first step in optimising COVID-19 patient outcomes during future case-surges is to learn from the experience within individual hospitals during the early stages of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of variation in COVID-19 outcomes between National Health Service (NHS) hospital trusts and regions in England using data from March–July 2020. Methods This was a retrospective observational study using the Hospital Episode Statistics administrative dataset. Patients aged ≥ 18 years who had a diagnosis of COVID-19 during a hospital stay in England that was completed between March 1st and July 31st, 2020 were included. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. In secondary analysis, critical care admission, length of stay and mortality within 30 days of discharge were also investigated. Multilevel logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates. Findings There were 86,356 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 included in the study, of whom 22,944 (26.6%) died in hospital with COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. After adjusting for covariates, the extent of the variation in-hospital mortality rates between hospital trusts and regions was relatively modest. Trusts with the largest baseline number of beds and a greater proportion of patients admitted to critical care had the lowest in-hospital mortality rates. Interpretation There is little evidence of clustering of deaths within hospital trusts. There may be opportunities to learn from the experience of individual trusts to help prepare hospitals for future case-surges

Rupture across arc segment and plate boundaries in the 1 April 2007 Solomons earthquake

The largest earthquakes are generated in subduction zones, and the earthquake rupture typically extends for hundreds of kilometres along a single subducting plate. These ruptures often begin or end at structural boundaries on the overriding plate that are associated with the subduction of prominent bathymetric features of the downgoing plate. Here, we determine uplift and subsidence along shorelines for the 1 April 2007 moment magnitude M_W 8.1 earthquake in the western Solomon Islands, using coral microatolls which provide precise measurements of vertical motions in locations where instrumental data are unavailable. We demonstrate that the 2007 earthquake ruptured across the subducting Simbo ridge transform and thus broke through a triple junction where the Australian and Woodlark plates subduct beneath the overriding Pacific plate. Previously, no known major megathrust rupture has involved two subducting plates. We conclude that this event illustrates the uncertainties of predicting the segmentation of subduction zone rupture on the basis of structural discontinuities