Pity and anger in the poetry of William Blake from 'Poetical sketches' to 'Milton'

This thesis gives an account of the ideas about pity and anger in Blake's poetry from Poetical Sketches to Milton, placing them in their historical and intellectual contexts. Chapter 1 introduces the main themes, arguing that Blake saw himself as a counter-ideologist, working to change social and individual 'structures of feeling'. It suggests that his ideas were influenced by his class position, by the French Revolution, and by developments in eighteenth-century thinking. Chapter 2 shows that in the early work Blake engages with problems of male identity that will concern him throughout his career and provide another context for his thinking about anger and pity. Chapter 3 deals with the impasse of the late 1780s. The fourth Chapter claims that Songs of Innocence represents Blake's attempt to create a kind of compassion that will lead to and then characterise a redeeýhed society. The fifth Chapter locates The French Revolution in the Burke debate and points out that 'Let the Brothels of Paris be opened' shows important similarities in its treatment of pity to the speeches and articles of the Jacobin leaders. Chapter 6 contests the views of critics who have unproblematically presented anger as a virtue and pity as a vice in Songs of Experience. Chapter 7 suggests that the ideology of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell is determined by an economic impossibility that creates a politics of feeling rather than of strategies and institutions. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss the Prophetic Books as analyses of the psychology of revolutionary aspiration and failure. Chapter 10 argues that The Four Zoas depicts the reconstitution of a degraded anger and pity that are nevertheless doomed to social failure except in the 'imaginary' of the final apocalypse, while Chapter 11 contextualises the 'Sciences' of Wrath and Pity in Milton. The final Chapter is a short resume and forward glance

Rhythmic actomyosin-driven contractions induced by sperm entry predict mammalian embryo viability.

Fertilization-induced cytoplasmic flows are a conserved feature of eggs in many species. However, until now the importance of cytoplasmic flows for the development of mammalian embryos has been unknown. Here, by combining a rapid imaging of the freshly fertilized mouse egg with advanced image analysis based on particle image velocimetry, we show that fertilization induces rhythmical cytoplasmic movements that coincide with pulsations of the protrusion forming above the sperm head. We find that these movements are caused by contractions of the actomyosin cytoskeleton triggered by Ca(2+) oscillations induced by fertilization. Most importantly, the relationship between the movements and the events of egg activation makes it possible to use the movements alone to predict developmental potential of the zygote. In conclusion, this method offers, thus far, the earliest and fastest, non-invasive way to predict the viability of eggs fertilized in vitro and therefore can potentially improve greatly the prospects for IVF treatment

Mechanism, assessment and management of pain in chronic pancreatitis: Recommendations of a multidisciplinary study group

AbstractDescriptionPain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) remains the primary clinical complaint and source of poor quality of life. However, clear guidance on evaluation and treatment is lacking.MethodsPancreatic Pain working groups reviewed information on pain mechanisms, clinical pain assessment and pain treatment in CP. Levels of evidence were assigned using the Oxford system, and consensus was based on GRADE. A consensus meeting was held during PancreasFest 2012 with substantial post-meeting discussion, debate, and manuscript refinement.ResultsTwelve discussion questions and proposed guidance statements were presented. Conference participates concluded: Disease Mechanism: Pain etiology is multifactorial, but data are lacking to effectively link symptoms with pathologic feature and molecular subtypes. Assessment of Pain: Pain should be assessed at each clinical visit, but evidence to support an optimal approach to assessing pain character, frequency and severity is lacking. Management: There was general agreement on the roles for endoscopic and surgical therapies, but less agreement on optimal patient selection for medical, psychological, endoscopic, surgical and other therapies.ConclusionsProgress is occurring in pain biology and treatment options, but pain in patients with CP remains a major problem that is inadequately understood, measured and managed. The growing body of information needs to be translated into more effective clinical care

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

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Using the age old art of puppetry combined with motion captur

MoCap for Artists Workflow and Techniques for Motion Capture

Membuat motion capture bagian dari grafis dan efek. Pengenalan ini untuk prinsip-prinsip menangkap gerakan dan teknik memberikan pemahaman kerja state-of-the-art systems and workflows alur kerja tanpa pengecualian dan persamaan. Pelajari tentang sistem alternatif, bagaimana mereka telah berevolusi, dan bagaimana mereka biasanya digunakan, serta mencoba-dan-benar alur kerja yang dapat pembaca praktekkan dalam bekerja dengan efek yang optimal. Buku ini disertai CD file demo dan tutorial di CD pendamping memberikan pengalaman tangan pertama dengan beberapa proses inti. Melalui buku ini maka dapat belajar bagaimana menerapkan state-of-the-art menangkap gerakan optik dengan teknik aplikasi-agnostik yang membutuhkan sangat sedikit matematika. Anda mempelajari elemen penting untuk membangun pipa produksi yang dapat digunakan dengan kombinasi hardware dan software teknologi. Mocap untuk Artis adalah panduan diakses untuk desainer yang ingin menerapkan pipa mocap profesional dengan kemudahan dan efisiensi. Teknik yang dibahas meliputi:Perencanaan dan praproduksi dari proyek motion capture, Merancang dan membersihkan mengedit data, Decomposing dan menyusun gerakan, Tangan, wajah, dan menangkap puppetry, Perhitungan untuk motion capture. Buku ini disertai CD berisi file video sampel dalam format .avi, .mov, .asf, Maya, dan MotionBuilder yang menunjukkan pengalaman dengan beberapa proses inti

MoCap for Artists: Workflow and Techniques for Motion Capture

Membuat motion capture bagian dari grafis dan efek. Pengenalan ini untuk prinsip-prinsip menangkap gerakan dan teknik memberikan pemahaman kerja state-of-the-art systems and workflows alur kerja tanpa pengecualian dan persamaan. Pelajari tentang sistem alternatif, bagaimana mereka telah berevolusi, dan bagaimana mereka biasanya digunakan, serta mencoba-dan-benar alur kerja yang dapat pembaca praktekkan dalam bekerja dengan efek yang optimal. Buku ini disertai CD file demo dan tutorial di CD pendamping memberikan pengalaman tangan pertama dengan beberapa proses inti. Melalui buku ini maka dapat belajar bagaimana menerapkan state-of-the-art menangkap gerakan optik dengan teknik aplikasi-agnostik yang membutuhkan sangat sedikit matematika. Anda mempelajari elemen penting untuk membangun pipa produksi yang dapat digunakan dengan kombinasi hardware dan software teknologi. Mocap untuk Artis adalah panduan diakses untuk desainer yang ingin menerapkan pipa mocap profesional dengan kemudahan dan efisiensi. Teknik yang dibahas meliputi:Perencanaan dan praproduksi dari proyek motion capture, Merancang dan membersihkan mengedit data, Decomposing dan menyusun gerakan, Tangan, wajah, dan menangkap puppetry, Perhitungan untuk motion capture. Buku ini disertai CD berisi file video sampel dalam format .avi, .mov, .asf, Maya, dan MotionBuilder yang menunjukkan pengalaman dengan beberapa proses inti