Clinical disorders affecting mesopic vision

Vision in the mesopic range is affected by a number of inherited and acquired clinical disorders. We review these conditions and summarize the historical background, describing the clinical characteristics alongside the genetic basis and molecular biological mechanisms giving rise to rod and cone dysfunction relevant to twilight vision. The current diagnostic gold standards for each disease are discussed and curative and symptomatic treatment strategies are summarized

Pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory anorexia in chronic disease

Decreased appetite and involuntary weight loss are common occurrences in chronic disease and have a negative impact on both quality of life and eventual mortality. Weight loss in chronic disease comes from both fat and lean mass, and is known as cachexia. Both alterations in appetite and body weight loss occur in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, heart failure, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and HIV. An increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines has been implicated as a uniting pathogenic mechanism of cachexia and associated anorexia. One of the targets of inflammatory mediators is the central nervous system, and in particular feeding centers in the hypothalamus located in the ventral diencephalon. Current research has begun to elucidate the mechanisms by which inflammation reaches the hypothalamus, and the neural substrates underlying inflammatory anorexia. Research into these neural mechanisms has suggested new therapeutic possibilities, which have produced promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. This review will discuss inflammatory signaling in the hypothalamus that mediates anorexia, and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention that these mechanisms present

Cholecystokinin receptors do not mediate the suppression of food-motivated behavior by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 beta in mice

International audienc

Mechanisms of sickness-induced decreases in food-motivated behavior

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Risk preference in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is modulated by the gain or loss context

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A behaviorally active dose of lipopolysaccharide increases sensory neuropeptides levels in mouse spinal cord

International audienc

Lipopolysaccharide and interleukine-1 depress food-motivated behavior in mice by a vagal-mediated mechanism

International audienc

Cytokines and sickness behavior

International audienc