Utopias as a Tentative Horizon for Spatial Justice

International audienceResearchers have already very extensively explored utopias: this issue of Justice Spatiale/Spatial Justice wishes to present more than a collection of articles on the history of utopias, a field widely covered by historians, town planners, philosophers, etc. The historical aspect will not be central here, even if going back over these analyses is essential for understanding the conditions of the articulation of the contemporary form of utopia in connection with justice. If some of the articles offered here reflect on the lessons drawn from past utopias, this reflection is always related to the use of this philosophy in the present. What we are interested in is the connexion of a utopian discourse with very contemporary demands for more justice, and the spatial issues engendered by this expression, which mobilizes very diverse scales, from the world to the community, in relationships that are at times mutually exclusive or contradictory

En prison. L'ordre pénitentiaire des choses

International audienc

Le Brésil, un pays qui s'affirme à l'extérieur parce qu'il est solide à l'intérieur

En accueillant des manifestations sportives de prestige, le Brésil affiche sa volonté de s'affirmer sur la scène internationale. Il le fait à l'échelle mondiale comme à l'échelle latino-américaine et exerce une suprématie sur les pays voisins avec lesquels il conduit une politique d'intégration. Ses ambitions sont rendues crédibles par ses performances économiques et plus encore par le renforcement de sa cohésion sociale, rendu possible par le recul de la pauvreté et l'essor des classes moyennes.Welcoming some important sporting events, Brazil wishes to get a more important international role all over the world as well as in South America, and acts as a leader on the neighbouring countries with which it has a intergration policy. Its ambitions become real with its economic performance, and with the reinforcement of its social cohesion, made possible by less poverty and the growness of mid-classes

Justice et territoire une réflexion à partir du cas brésilien

S’il est un thème classique de la géographie du Brésil qui mérite d’être revisité, c’est bien celui des inégalités régionales. Il est classique parce que, pour une discipline qui étudie la différenciation spatiale, le territoire brésilien offre un terrain d’observation d’une netteté peu commune. Dans ce pays émergent qui figure aujourd’hui parmi les grands exportateurs de produits industriels et qui compte avec São Paulo une métropole mondiale, l’extrême pauvreté touche partout une proportion..

Justice et territoire une réflexion à partir du cas brésilien

S’il est un thème classique de la géographie du Brésil qui mérite d’être revisité, c’est bien celui des inégalités régionales. Il est classique parce que, pour une discipline qui étudie la différenciation spatiale, le territoire brésilien offre un terrain d’observation d’une netteté peu commune. Dans ce pays émergent qui figure aujourd’hui parmi les grands exportateurs de produits industriels et qui compte avec São Paulo une métropole mondiale, l’extrême pauvreté touche partout une proportion..

Entretien Avec Bernard Bret

Est-ce que vous vous reconnaissez sous l’étiquette de « géographe critique » ou de « géographe radical » ? Je ne sais pas : c’est une question que je ne me suis jamais vraiment posée. Critique, sans doute, à l’égard de la géographie traditionnelle qui est celle que les gens de ma génération ont reçue durant leurs études dans la deuxième partie des années 1960, une géographie assez pauvre du point de vue de la théorisation. La géographie d’alors était très empirique et descriptive, avec les mé..

SULFs in human neoplasia: implication as progression and prognosis factors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate chains influences signaling events mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans located on cell surface. SULF1 and SULF2 are two endosulfatases able to cleave specific 6-O sulfate groups within the heparan chains. Their action can modulate signaling processes, many of which with key relevance for cancer development and expansion. SULF1 has been associated with tumor suppressor effects in various models of cancer, whereas SULF2 dysregulation was in relation with protumorigenic actions. However, other observations argue for contradictory effects of these sulfatases in cancer, suggesting the complexity of their action in the tumor microenvironment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We compared the expression of the genes encoding SULF1, SULF2 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in a large panel of cancer samples to their normal tissue counterparts using publicly available gene expression data, including the data obtained from two cohorts of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients, the Oncomine Cancer Microarray database, the Amazonia data base and the ITTACA database. We also analysed prognosis data in relation with these databases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated that <it>SULF2 </it>expression in primary multiple myeloma cells was associated with a poor prognosis in two independent large cohorts of patients. It remained an independent predictor when considered together with conventional multiple myeloma prognosis factors. Besides, we observed an over-representation of <it>SULF2 </it>gene expression in skin cancer, colorectal carcinoma, testicular teratoma and liver cancer compared to their normal tissue counterpart. We found that <it>SULF2 </it>was significantly over-expressed in high grade uveal melanoma compared to low grade and in patients presenting colorectal carcinoma compared to benign colon adenoma.</p> <p>We observed that, in addition to previous observations, <it>SULF1 </it>gene expression was increased in T prolymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and in renal carcinoma compared to corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, we found that high <it>SULF1 </it>expression was associated with a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.</p> <p>Finally, <it>SULF1 </it>and <it>SULF2 </it>were simultaneously overexpressed in 6 cancer types: brain, breast, head and neck, renal, skin and testicular cancers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>SULF1 </it>and <it>SULF2 </it>are overexpressed in various human cancer types and can be associated to progression and prognosis. Targeting SULF1 and/or SULF2 could be interesting strategies to develop novel cancer therapies.</p

Chromospherically active stars. II. HD 82558, a young single BY Draconis variable.

It is presently noted that the HD 82558 chromospherically active star is a young and rapidly rotating K2 V single BY Draconis variable with very strong far-UV emission features and an H-alpha line filled to the continuum level by emission. HD 82558 has constant velocity and is not a member of the Hyades Supercluster. Its light curve behavior, which appears to have been stable for several hundred rotation cycles, is reminiscent of that of the young, rapidly rotating, single K V variable H II 1883 in the Pleiades; this stability may be characteristic of young, single, chromospherically active stars

Helical Single-Lamellar Crystals Thermotropically Formed in a Synthetic Nonracemic Chiral Main-Chain Polyester

Phase structures and transformation mechanisms of nonracemic chiral biological and synthetic polymers are fundamentally important topics in understanding their macroscopic responses in different environments. It has been known for many years that helical structures and morphologies can exist in low-ordered chiral liquid crystalline (LC) phases. However, when the chiral liquid crystals form highly ordered smectic liquid crystal phases, the helical morphology is suppressed due to the crystallization process. A double-twisted morphology has been observed in many liquid crystalline biopolymers such as dinoflaggellate chromosomes (in Prorocentrum micans) in an in vivo arrangement. Helical crystals grown from solution have been reported in the case of Bombyx mori silk fibroin crystals having the beta modification. This study describes a synthetic nonracemic chiral main-chain LC polyester that is able to thermotropically form helical single lamellar crystals. Flat single lamellar crystals can also be observed under the same crystallization condition. Moreover, flat and helical lamellae can coexist in one single lamellar crystal, within which one form can smoothly transform to the other. Both of these crystals possess the same structure, although translational symmetry is broken in the helical crystals. The polymer chain folding direction in both flat and helical lamellar crystals is determined to be identical, and it is always along the long axis of the lamellae. This finding provides an opportunity to study the chirality effect on phase structure, morphology, and transformation in condensed states of chiral materials. [S0163-1829(99)01042-5]

Lock-in detection using a cryogenic low noise looped current preamplifier for the readout of resistive bolometers

We implemented a low noise current preamplifier for the readout of resistive bolometers. We tested the apparatus on thermometer resistances ranging from 10 Ohm to 500 Mohm. The use of current preamplifier overcomes constraints introduced by the readout time constant due to the thermometer resistance and the input capacitance. Using cold JFETs, this preamplifier board is shown to have very low noise: the Johnson noise of the source resistor (1 fA/Hz1/2) dominated in our noise measurements. We also implemented a lock-in chain using this preamplifier. Because of fast risetime, compensation of the phase shift may be unnecessary. If implemented, no tuning is necessary when the sensor impedance changes. Transients are very short, and thus low-passing or sampling of the signal is simplified. In case of spurious noise, the modulation frequency can be chosen in a much wider frequency range, without requiring a new calibration of the apparatus.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, Accepted in NIM