Resonant transmission of light through finite chains of subwavelength holes

In this paper we show that the extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon found before in 2D hole arrays is already present in a linear chain of subwavelength holes, which can be considered as the basic geometrical unit showing this property. In order to study this problem we have developed a new theoretical framework, able to analyze the optical properties of finite collections of subwavelength apertures and/or dimples (of any shape and placed in arbitrary positions) drilled in a metallic film.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Social Perception of the Residents of Olón, Montañita, and Valdivia as a Conditioning Factor in the Satisfaction of Tourists

This research aims to understand the social perception of the communities of Olón, Montañita, and Valdivia in the sociocultural, socio-territorial, and socio-cognitive dimensions, as a determining factor in the satisfaction of national and foreign tourists in terms of destination, service, and infrastructure. The design is nonexperimental, with a correlational scope and a mixed approach. Data collection techniques used were a semi-structured interview with 24 residents and a survey of 396 residents and 396 tourists. STATIS Dual and MPLS (multiway partial least squares) were the software used for the treatment of quantitative information. It was determined that the social perception in the three communes was relatively similar, the sociocultural dimension being the best scored for being linked to the tourist development of Olón and Montañita. Whereas a significant difference was observed between the communes in terms of tourist satisfaction, placing Montañita as the leader in all dimensions of the variable, followed by Olón and Valdivia. With an adjustment of 69%, the MPLS model was directly related to the variables, implying that any change in the perception of the residents affects the satisfaction of tourists. Keywords: tourist satisfaction, social perception, spondylus route. Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la percepción social de las comunidades de Olón, Montañita y Valdivia en las dimensiones socio cultural, socio territorial y socio cognitivo, como condicionante en la satisfacción de los turistas nacionales y extranjeros en cuanto al destino, servicio e infraestructura. El diseño es no experimental, de alcance correlacional y enfoque mixto; como técnicas de recolección de datos se utilizaron: entrevista semi estructurada a 24 residentes y, encuesta a 396 residentes y 396 turistas. Para el tratamiento de la información cuantitativa se utilizaron software STATIS Dual y MPLS (Multiway partial least squares). Se determinó que la percepción social en las tres comunas es relativamente similar, siendo la dimensión socio cultural la mejor puntuada por encontrarse ligada al desarrollo turístico de Olón y Montañita; mientras que, existe diferencia significativa entre las comunas en cuanto a satisfacción de los turistas, colocando a Montañita como líder en todas las dimensiones de la variable, seguida de Olón y Valdivia. Con un ajuste de 69%, el modelo MPLS relacionó directamente las variables, implicando que cualquier cambio en la percepción de los residentes incide sobre la satisfacción de los turistas. Palabras Clave: satisfacción del turista, percepción social, ruta spondylus

Red nucleus and rubrospinal tract disorganization in the absence of Pou4f1

The red nucleus (RN) is a neuronal population that plays an important role in forelimb motor control and locomotion. Histologically it is subdivided into two subpopulations, the parvocellular RN (pRN) located in the diencephalon and the magnocellular RN (mRN) in the mesencephalon. The RN integrates signals from motor cortex and cerebellum and projects to spinal cord interneurons and motor neurons through the rubrospinal tract (RST). Pou4f1 is a transcription factor highly expressed in this nucleus that has been related to its specification. Here we profoundly analyzed consequences of Pou4f1 loss-of-function in development, maturation and axonal projection of the RN. Surprisingly, RN neurons are specified and maintained in the mutant, no cell death was detected. Nevertheless, the nucleus appeared disorganized with a strong delay in radial migration and with a wider neuronal distribution; the neurons did not form a compacted population as they do in controls, Robo1 and Slit2 were miss-expressed. Cplx1 and Npas1, expressed in the RN, are transcription factors involved in neurotransmitter release, neuronal maturation and motor function processes among others. In our mutant mice, both transcription factors are lost, suggesting an abnormal maturation of the RN. The resulting altered nucleus occupied a wider territory. Finally, we examined RST development and found that the RN neurons were able to project to the spinal cord but their axons appeared defasciculated. These data suggest that Pou4f1 is necessary for the maturation of RN neurons but not for their specification and maintenance.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Assessment of a Global-to-Direct empirical model for the long-term characterization of Direct Normal Insolation

The statistical characterization of the solar resource (direct normal solar radiation) is a key point in the initial phases of a solar thermal electricity (STE) plant project. Ideally, this characterization should be based on long time series (at least 8 years) of on-site measured data of Direct Normal Insolation (DNI) and other meteorological parameters. Unfortunately, there are very few places around the world where such time series are available, so alternative methods have to be used. Most of them rely on the application of global-to-direct conversion models to long time series of Global Horizontal Insolation (GHI), measured or derived from satellite images, to estimate the long-term resource. Usually, a meteorological station including sensors for the measurement of DNI is installed at the selected project site at the beginning of the project. The data collected during the measurement campaign, which normally extends between a few months and 2 years, are used to adjust the conversion models and to correct the estimates. In this paper, a simple empirical model that relates monthly clearness index and monthly direct normal fraction is used to estimate monthly and annual long-term DNI from statistically representative monthly values of GHI. This model is adjusted with GHI and DNI data collected during measurement campaigns of different durations. We show that the accuracy of the proposed model is under +-5% and that this accuracy improves sharply with the duration of the test campaign. For this purpose, we have used 13 years of high quality DNI and GHI data from the radiometric station of the Group of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energies (GTER) of the University of Seville, Spain. The results suggest that, this simple empirical model is a good alternative to the present methodologies when short DNI measurement campaign but long-term GHI values are available

Analysis of the distribution of measured and synthetic DNI databases and its effect on the expected production of a parabolic trough plan

The generation of a Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) is a common practice in solar energy projects. Therefore it is desirable that the TMY provides not only a good estimate of the solar resource in the long term, but also an adequate input for the estimation of the performance of the project during its lifetime. The main goal of this work is to analyze and compare the effect of using synthetic and measured time series on the statistical relationships between the annual Direct Normal Insolation (DNI) values and the corresponding electricity generation of a Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) plant. For this purpose we have used two DNI databases: (a) terrestrial database with thirteen years (2000 to 2012) of 5-second measurements for the location of Seville, Spain, and (b) synthetic database generated with the Meteonorm® V 6.1.0.23 software, by applying GHI-DNI conversion models to the measured monthly values of GHI for the same location. We have used the EOS code to estimate the electricity generation of a 50 MW parabolic trough plant with 8 equivalent hours of thermal energy storage (TES) capacity. The results show that the use of synthetic series introduces an additional uncertainty that has to be analyzed for each project, being in this study the differences between the measured and synthetic data around a 2-3% for the annual values and for the main statistical parameters

Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

This document was prepared by the DUNE Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion "La Caixa," Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This work was also supported by FAPESB T. O. PIE 0013/2016 and UESC/PROPP 0010299-61.A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the Oo10 thorn MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the & nu;e component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section & sigma;oE & nu; thorn for charged-current & nu;e absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova & nu;e spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of & sigma;oE & nu; thorn modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on & sigma;oE & nu; thorn must be substantially reduced before the & nu;e flux parameters can be extracted reliably; in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10% bias with DUNE requires & sigma;oE & nu; thorn to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of & sigma;oE & nu; thorn . A direct measurement of low-energy & nu;e-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level.CERNERDF, H2020-EUMSCA, European UnionCAM, SpainLa Caixa FoundationJunta de Andalucia-FEDER, SpainSpanish GovernmentXunta de GaliciaMICINN, SpainFAPESB T. O. PIE0013/2016UESC/PROPP 0010299-6

Molecular Characterization of Growth Hormone-producing Tumors in the GC Rat Model of Acromegaly

D.A.C. was supported by the Nicolás Monardes program of the Andalusian Ministry of Health (C-0015-2014) and by a grant from the Andalusian Ministry of Science and Innovation (CTS-7478). A.S-M and A.L.C were supported by grants from the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación co-funded with Fondos FEDER (PI12/0143 and PI13/02043, respectively) and the Andalusian Regional Government (CTS-444) and a grant from Pfizer Spain. R.L.C. was supported by a grant from Andalusian Ministry of Health (PI0302-2012). R.M.L. was supported by grants from Proyecto de Investigación en Salud (FIS) PI13- 00651 (funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III), CTS-1406, PI-0639-2012, BIO-0139 (funded by Junta de Andalucía) and by Ayuda Merck Serono 2013. J. P. C. was funded by a grant (BFU2013-43282-R) from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. CIBER is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain. J.F.M.R. is supported by the “Sara Borrell” program from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. R.M. Luque and J.P. Castaño have received grants and lecture fees from Ipsen and Novartis. E. Venegas-Moreno and A. Soto-Moreno received grants and lecture fees from Ipsen, Novartis and Pfizer. A. Leal-Cerro received grants from Novartis and Pfizer. David Cano received a grant from Novartis

Therapeutic communication does not burn you out; it is invigorating

El objetivo de este trabajo es ayudar a clarificar y modificar la idea que tienen ciertos profesionales de que la "relación de ayuda quema". Es decir, tratar de precisar, partiendo de cómo la Relación de Ayuda si la entendemos en su justo valor, no sólo no quema, no nos lleva al síndrome del burn-out, sino que ésta es vivificante tanto a nivel personal como profesional. Si ciertos profesionales han llegado a esa triste experiencia, (de que la relación de ayuda quema) pensamos se debe, entre otras razones: por una parte, a no tener una idea clara de lo que es la comunicación y la relación terapéutica o de ayuda; por otra parte, a habernos olvidado que no podemos dedicarnos a esta noble labor, sin antes haber trabajado un mínimo sobre nosotros mismos, es decir, sobre nuestro crecimiento personal, autoestima, problemas, conflictos, etc. Si esto no se hace, cabe el peligro de no saber dónde nos situamos, transgrediendo ciertos principios o límites que van anejos a la Relación de Ayuda. Asi mismo, intentamos exponer algunas de las fases por las que se llega al síndrome del burn-out, con el fin de que nos sirvan de reflexión, y poder así restaurar la "vida" personal y profesional que hayamos podido haber dejado en este caminar acompañando a los pacientes.The aim of this work is to help to clarify and modify the perception of some professionals that therapeutic communication is something that leads to "burn out". That is to say, to show how therapeutic communication not only does not burn you out, but can be invigorating at both a personal and professional level. The fact that some professionals have been through this sad experience (burnt out by therapeutic communication) may be due, among other reasons, to not having a clear concept of communication and the therapeutic relationship, and having forgotten that we cannot dedicate ourselves to this noble task without working first on ourselves, our personal growth, self-esteem, problems, conflicts, etc. If this is not done, there is a risk of not knowing where we stand—transgressing certain limits or principles that go along with therapeutic communication. Moreover, we try to state some of the stages of "burn-out syndrome", in order to help us to reflect, and to restore the professional and personal "life" that we may have left behind while caring for our patients

Performance of the digene LQ, RH and PS HPVs genotyping systems on clinical samples and comparison with HC2 and PCR-based Linear Array

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Certain Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the infectious agents involved in cervical cancer development. Detection of HPVs DNA is part of the cervical cancer screening protocols and HPVs genotyping has been proposed for its inclusion in these preventive programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate three novel genotyping tests, namely Qiagen LQ, RH and PS, in clinical samples with and without abnormalities. For this, 305 cervical samples were processed and the results of the evaluated techniques were compared with those obtained in the HPVs diagnostic process in our lab, by using HC2 and Linear Array (LA) technologies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The concordances and kappa statistics (k) for each technique compared with HC2 were 98.69% (k = 0.94) for LQ, 98.03% (k = 0.91) for RH and 91.80% (k = 0.82) for PS. There was a very good agreement in HPVs type-specific concordance for the most prevalent types HPV16 (kappa range = 0.83-0.90), HPV18 (k.r.= 0.74-0.80) and HPV45 (k.r.= 0.82-0.90).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The three tests showed an overall good concordance for HPVs detection when compared with HR-HC2 system. LQ and RH rendered lower detection rate for multiple infections than LA genotyping. However, our understanding of the clinical significance of multiple HPVs infections is still incomplete and therefore the relevance of the lower ability to detect multiple infections needs to be evaluated.</p