Experimental and numerical modelling of LRI process

The aim of this study is to gain knowledge concerning the process and its physics, as well as to become able to optimize the fabrication of large and complex composite parts in aeronautics applications. Composite materials have many advantages and the use of this technology is increasing in the aeronautic industry. In the L.R.I. process, dry textile preforms are impregnated by a thermoset liquid resin. All the elements are enclosed in a vacuum bag of known pressure. Once preforms are totally impregnated, the resin system begins the curing reaction to obtain the composite part. This study contains two major sections. Firstly, numerical modeling was done with the Pam- Rtm finite element code to determine the evolution of the flow front during the infusion. Simulations were performed to analyze the infusion of sandwich composite parts with perforate foam, which allows the inferior skin to be impregnated in the same operation. Secondly, experimental work was conducted to confirm the numerical results

Drought reduces transmission of Turnip yellows virus , an insect-vectored circulative virus

Application of a severe water deficit to Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with a mutant of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, Family Luteoviridae) triggers a significant alteration of several plant phenology traits and strongly reduces the transmission efficiency of the virus by aphids. Although virus accumulation in water-stressed plants was similar to that in plants grown under well-watered conditions, virus accumulation was reduced in aphids fed on plant under water deficit. These results suggest alteration of the aphid feeding behavior on plants under water deficit

Strong normal-incidence infrared absorption in self-organized InAs/InAlAs quantum dots grown on InP(001)

International audienceInAs self-assembled quantum dots in InAlAs matrix grown on InP001 substrates have been fabricated using Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. A strong in-plane polarized intraband absorption in the 10.6-20 m wavelength region has been observed and ascribed to a transition from the ground electron state to an excited state confined in the layer plane along the 110 direction. The absorption at normal-incidence reaches 7.8% for ten layers of n-doped quantum dots. The oscillator strength of the intraband transition is comparable to that achieved in quantum wells for a conduction band intersubband transition. The dependence of the intraband absorption on carrier concentration and temperature suggests a quantum-wire type confinement potential

Capushe : package de sélection de modèle

Capushe : package de sélection de modèl

Quelle R&D Mener pour le Développement Des Réseaux D'énergie De Demain ? Les Propositions de L'ancre en 2015

Feuille de route sur les réseaux électriques et stockage élaborée par le GP10 Réseaux et Stockages de l'Energie de l'ANCRECette feuille de route concerne les réseaux d’énergie électrique, de chaleur et de froid, les réseaux de gaz (hydrogène, gaz naturel), leurs stockages associés, ainsi que leurs couplages à venir dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et des évolutionsqui l’accompagneront, que ce soit sur les modes de production d’énergie ou sur l’évolution des usages.Le focus est porté sur les réseaux électriques qui seront les premiers impactés par cette transition énergétique. Hormisquelques éléments très spécifiques aux réseaux électriques (et qui seront notés dans le texte par une couleur différente)il est à souligner que la quasi-totalité des considérations et axes de R&D évoqués pour les réseauxélectriques et le développement de leur « intelligence » et/ou de leur flexibilité s’appliquentégalement aux autres réseaux d’énergie. Par ailleurs, si le groupe programmatique« Réseaux et Stockage » de l’ANCRE (GP10) s’est largement appuyé sur les nombreuses feuilles de route émises tant au niveau national, dont celles de l’ADEME, qu’européen, il a également souhaité s’en démarquer en insistantlargement et en détaillant les recherches scientifiques et technologiques à mener face aux verrous actuellement identifiés

Clinical, functional and genetic characterization of 16 patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease variants - identification of 11 novel mutations in CYBB

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The most common form is the X-linked CGD (X91-CGD), caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. Clinical, functional and genetic characterizations of 16 CGD cases of male patients and their relatives were performed. We classified them as suffering from different variants of CGD (X910, X91- or X91+), according to NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and NADPH oxidase activity in neutrophils. Eleven mutations were novel (nine X910-CGD and two X91--CGD). One X910-CGD was due to a new and extremely rare double missense mutation Thr208Arg-Thr503Ile. We investigated the pathological impact of each single mutation using stable transfection of each mutated cDNA in the NOX2 knock-out PLB-985 cell line. Both mutations leading to X91--CGD were also novel; one deletion, c.-67delT, was localized in the promoter region of CYBB; the second c.253-1879A>G mutation activates a splicing donor site, which unveils a cryptic acceptor site leading to the inclusion of a 124-nucleotide pseudo-exon between exons 3 and 4 and responsible for the partial loss of NOX2 expression. Both X91--CGD mutations were characterized by a low cytochrome b558 expression and a faint NADPH oxidase activity. The functional impact of new missense mutations is discussed in the context of a new three-dimensional model of the dehydrogenase domain of NOX2. Our study demonstrates that low NADPH oxidase activity found in both X91--CGD patients correlates with mild clinical forms of CGD, whereas X910-CGD and X91+-CGD cases remain the most clinically severe forms.</p

Nat Genet

The function of the majority of genes in the mouse and human genomes remains unknown. The mouse embryonic stem cell knockout resource provides a basis for the characterization of relationships between genes and phenotypes. The EUMODIC consortium developed and validated robust methodologies for the broad-based phenotyping of knockouts through a pipeline comprising 20 disease-oriented platforms. We developed new statistical methods for pipeline design and data analysis aimed at detecting reproducible phenotypes with high power. We acquired phenotype data from 449 mutant alleles, representing 320 unique genes, of which half had no previous functional annotation. We captured data from over 27,000 mice, finding that 83% of the mutant lines are phenodeviant, with 65% demonstrating pleiotropy. Surprisingly, we found significant differences in phenotype annotation according to zygosity. New phenotypes were uncovered for many genes with previously unknown function, providing a powerful basis for hypothesis generation and further investigation in diverse systems.Comment in : Genetic differential calculus. [Nat Genet. 2015] Comment in : Scaling up phenotyping studies. [Nat Biotechnol. 2015

Oxydoréduction et complexation des métalloporphyrines de fer en milieu organique

Différentes méthodes de réduction de l’ester diméthylique de la chlorodeutérohémine ont été étudiées en milieu organique. Nous présentons en particulier une méthode de réduction par le dithionite de sodium en phase hétérogène. Dans certains solvants (benzène, acétate d’éthyle, chlorure de méthylène) la réduction conduit à l'hème, libre de tout ligand à champ fort, caractérisé par son spectre optique, sa réactivité vis-à-vis de la pyridine, et son oxydation très rapide à l’air en un dimère à pont oxygène de la FeIII deutéro-porphyrine. La réduction dans d’autres solvants (tétrachlorure de carbone, chloroforme) conduit à des complexes pentacoordinés méthylhalogénés dont le spectre optique, la réactivité vis-à-vis des complexants forts et de l’oxygène sont entièrement différents. En particulier celui obtenu en présence de tétrachlorure de carbone est d’une stabilité inhabituelle à l’air. La structure et les propriétés de ces composés sont discutés