Propagation guidée d'ondes de cisaillement horizontales dans des plaques solides rugueuses

La propagation des ondes de cisaillement à polarisation horizontale (ondes SH) dans des guides d'ondes isotropes à surfaces rugueuses fait apparaître des mécanismes de couplage de modes guidés. La modélisation de ces mécanismes est basée sur la formulation intégrale, et les solutions reposent sur des développements modaux en guide à géométrie compatible, extérieur au guide réel. Les résultats obtenus pour des rugosités périodiques sont en accord avec des résultats numériques de la littérature

Effects of seawater pCO2 on the skeletal morphology of massive Porites spp. Corals

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (award NE/I022973/1) to AAF and NA. The participation of NC and NLM in the study was supported by the University of St. Andrews Undergraduate Research Assistant Scheme. We thank Dave Steven, Mark Robertson, Casey Perry, Mike Scaboo and Andy Mackie for their assistance with the culture system build and Truce Jack, Alex Millar and Innes Manders for assistance with preliminary image analysis. John Still assisted with scanning electron microscopy in the ACEMAC Facility at the University of Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Community-based models of care facilitating the recovery of people living with persistent and complex mental health needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of community-based models of care (MoCs) supporting the recovery of individuals who experience persistent and complex mental health needs. Method: We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of MoC studies reporting clinical, functional, or personal recovery from October 2016 to October 2021. Sources were Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Studies were grouped according to MoC features. The narrative synthesis was led by our researchers with lived experience. Results: Beneficial MoCs ranged from well-established to novel and updated models and those explicitly addressing recovery goals and incorporating peer support: goal-focused; integrated community treatment; intensive case management; partners in recovery care coordination; rehabilitation and recovery-focused; social and community connection-focused; supported accommodation; and vocational support. None of our diverse group of MoCs supporting recovery warranted a rating of best practice. Established MoCs, such as intensive case management, are promising practices regarding clinical and functional recovery, with potential for enhancements to support personal recovery. Emerging practice models that support personal and functional recovery are those where consumer goals and priorities are central. Conclusion: Evidence for established models of care shows that there is a need for inevitable evolution and adaptation. Considering the high importance of effective MoCs for people experiencing persistent and complex mental health needs, further attention to service innovation and research is required. Greater emphasis on the inclusion of lived and living experience in the design, delivery, implementation, and research of MoCs is needed, to enhance MOCs' relevance for achieving individual consumer recovery outcomes

Community-based models of care facilitating the recovery of people living with persistent and complex mental health needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of community-based models of care (MoCs) supporting the recovery of individuals who experience persistent and complex mental health needs.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of MoC studies reporting clinical, functional, or personal recovery from October 2016 to October 2021. Sources were Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Studies were grouped according to MoC features. The narrative synthesis was led by our researchers with lived experience.ResultsBeneficial MoCs ranged from well-established to novel and updated models and those explicitly addressing recovery goals and incorporating peer support: goal-focused; integrated community treatment; intensive case management; partners in recovery care coordination; rehabilitation and recovery-focused; social and community connection-focused; supported accommodation; and vocational support. None of our diverse group of MoCs supporting recovery warranted a rating of best practice. Established MoCs, such as intensive case management, are promising practices regarding clinical and functional recovery, with potential for enhancements to support personal recovery. Emerging practice models that support personal and functional recovery are those where consumer goals and priorities are central.ConclusionEvidence for established models of care shows that there is a need for inevitable evolution and adaptation. Considering the high importance of effective MoCs for people experiencing persistent and complex mental health needs, further attention to service innovation and research is required. Greater emphasis on the inclusion of lived and living experience in the design, delivery, implementation, and research of MoCs is needed, to enhance MOCs' relevance for achieving individual consumer recovery outcomes

Responses of Southern Ocean seafloor habitats and communities to global and local drivers of change

Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in diversity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities; some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tools in the preservation of vulnerable seafloor habitats. Here, we focus on outlining seafloor responses to drivers of change observed to date and projections for the future. We discuss the need for action to preserve seafloor habitats under climate change, fishing pressures and other anthropogenic impacts

Typology of mental health peer support work components: systematised review and expert consultation

The employment of mental health peer support (PS) is recommended in national and international mental health policy, and widely implemented across many countries. The key components of PS remain to be identified. This study aimed to develop a typology of components involved in one-to-one PS for adults in mental health services. A systematised review was performed to establish a preliminary long list of candidate components, followed by expert consultation (n = 21) to refine the list. Forty-two publications were full-text reviewed, comprising 26 trial reports, nine training manuals, and seven change model papers. Two hundred forty-two candidate components were identified, which were thematically synthesised to 16 components and eight sub-components, categorised into four themes: recruitment, preparation, practice, and PS worker wellbeing. Our typology can inform reflection and planning of PS practice, and allow more rigorous and synthesised studies, such as component network meta-analyses, to characterise the impact of each component and their interactions

The Stroke and Carer Optimal Health Program (SCOHP) for psychosocial health: A randomised controlled trial

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in Australia and internationally. Stroke affects not just the physical health of the survivor; it can also have a devastating impact on their psychosocial health. Likewise, the psychosocial health of carers can often be adversely affected. It is unclear if psychosocial interventions could improve the psychosocial health of stroke survivors and their carers. This thesis presents a program of research which is comprised of a systematic review and meta-analysis, a randomised controlled trial and analysis of psychosocial mediators. The primary aim of this study was to examine and contribute to the evidence regarding the efficacy of psychosocial interventions that seek to improve the psychosocial outcomes of stroke survivors and their carers, compared to usual care. The secondary aim was to identify potential psychosocial mediators that affect stroke survivors and explore these in relation to the post-stroke experience. Firstly, a systematic review (n = 31) and meta-analysis (n = 11) evaluated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, QoL, self-efficacy, coping, carer strain and carer satisfaction among stroke survivors, carers and survivor-carer dyads. Thirty-one randomised controlled trials (n = 5715) were included in the systematic review. Improvements in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, QOL and coping were identified. A meta-analysis (11 trials; n = 1280) addressing depressive symptoms identified seven trials of psychosocial interventions that reduced depressive symptoms in stroke survivors (SMD: -0.36, 95% CI -0.73 to 0.00; p = 0.05) with six of these reducing depressive symptoms in carers (SMD: -0.20, 95% CI -.40 to 0.00; p = 0.05). A prospective RCT (n = 173) of a psychosocial intervention for stroke survivors (n = 89) and carers (n = 84) was conducted. Stroke survivors and carers evaluated a 9-week personalised psychosocial intervention, compared to usual care. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, and 3, 6, 12 months. Primary measures included health-related quality of life (AQoL-6D and EQ-5D) and self-efficacy (GSE), while secondary measures included depression and anxiety (HADS); coping (Brief COPE); work and social adjustment (WSAS); carer strain (MCSI); carer satisfaction (CASI); and treatment evaluation (TEI-SF and CEQ). A mixed-effect model– repeated measures analysis between groups and across time was conducted with data from 137 participants. Finally, an analysis of psychosocial mediators was completed from the baseline data of 72 of the stroke survivors that participated in the RCT. Using Structural Equation Modeling, it was determined the 67% of the variation in quality of life was explained by this model. Illness perceptions had a significant direct influence on maladaptive coping, depression and anxiety (β = 0.37, p < 0.001, β = 0.43, p < 0.001, β = 0.43, p < 0.001, respectively). Maladaptive coping had a significant direct influence on quality of life (β = -.22, p < 0.001). The relationship between illness perceptions and QOL were found to be fully mediated by depression and anxiety, with the relationship between illness perceptions and depression and anxiety being partially mediated by maladaptive coping. A significant positive correlation between depression and anxiety (p < 0.05) was noted. Overall, this program of research contributed significant and original findings regarding the effectiveness of existing psychosocial interventions, the effectiveness of a previously untested psychosocial intervention and shed light on the role of psychosocial mediators for stroke survivors and carers

Propagation acoustique en guides fluides et solides à parois rugueuses (formulation intégrale pour ondes de pression, de cisaillement et de Lamb)

Dans le cadre du contrôle non destructif, l'étude de la propagation d'ondes dans des guides rugueux ouvre la voie à diverses applications, telles la caractérisation de l'état de surface d'un matériau ou de la qualité d'un collage dans une structure assemblée, la détection d'effets de corrosion ou d'imperfections d'usinages, ... Dans ce contexte, l'étude menée au cours de cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des effets de rugosité de frontières de guides d'ondes fluides ou solides sur la propagation des ondes acoustiques, en vue, en pratique, de caractériser cette rugosité. Le processus de diffusion sur des rugosités de parois se traduit par des couplages modaux, transferts d'énergie entre modes créés ou non par des sources, modes propres pour ondes de pression en fluides ou pour ondes SH en solides, modes de Lamb en guides solides. Qu'il s'agisse de champs à caractère scalaire (en fluide ou ondes SH en solide) ou vectoriel (ondes de Lamb), un modèle nouveau, qui repose sur une formulation intégrale des équations scalaires de propagation, est mis en œuvre, modèle dans lequel le choix des fonctions de Green joue un rôle prépondérant. Les relations entre champs acoustiques (de pression ou élastiques) et profils de rugosité ont été étudiées pour tous types de rugosité, mais plus particulièrement pour des rugosités périodiques qui permettent des analyses plus avancées. La relation entre les densités spectrales de puissance (DSP) des profils de rugosité et les coefficients de réflexion et de transmission en énergie des modes guidés est établie ; certains résultats obtenus ont été comparés à ceux d'expériences réalisées à cet effet.Analysing the wave propagation in rough waveguides, in the frame of Non Destructive Testing (NDT), opens the way to several applications such as the characterization of surfaces of materials or of adhesive properties, the detection of the corrosion or of the surface defects, and so on. The aim of this work, taken in this context, is to present a method for analysing the effects of roughness of boundaries (fluid or solid waveguides) on the propagation of acoustic guided waves, with a practical view to the characterization of the roughness. The scattering from rough boundaries leads to modal coupling, i.e. energy transfer between modes created or not by sources, namely eigenmodes for pressure waves (fluid waveguides) and SH waves (solid waveguides), Lamb modes in solid waveguides. As regards fields characterized either by a scalar behaviour (pressure or SH waves) or by a vectorial behaviour (Lamb waves), the effects of the roughness are described in a new derivation from an integral representation of the scalar propagation equations, where the Green's functions chosen plays an important role. The relations between the acoustic fields (pressure fields or elastic fields) and the roughness profiles are discussed for any kind of roughness, drawing particularly the attention to periodic profiles because they allow more advanced analysis. The relation between the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the roughness profile and the energy reflexion/transmission coefficients of the guided modes is provided; results are compared to those obtained from experiments conducted for this purpose.LE MANS-BU Sciences (721812109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Consumer Involvement in Clinical Trials in Australia

Systematic review of all clinical trials performed by an Australian research body in 2021, to determine frequency and features of consumer engagement in clinical trials in Australi