The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)

Invasive plants are known for their impacts to ecosystems and societies, but their potential cultural use tend to be unexplored. One important mechanism of plant invasion is the use of “allelochemicals” or “novel weapons”: chemical defenses which are new to their invaded habitats and that confer them competitive advantages. However, these chemicals are precisely what confers them ethnobotanical and medicinal properties. We reviewed the literature assessing the biogeography of the cultural uses of the model invasive plant yellow-starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.; Asteraceae), and assessed the extent to which the introduction of a weed native to Eurasia into several non-native world regions was paralleled by the spread of cultural uses from its native range. We found that the species was rich in pharmaceutically active compounds and that the species had been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, as raw material, and as food. However, ethnobotanical uses were reported almost exclusively in its native range, with no uses described for the non-native range, apart from honey production in California, Argentina, and Australia. Our study exemplifies how, when plant introductions are not paralleled synchronously by significant human migrations, cultural adoption can be extremely slow, even within the native range of the species. Invasive species can provide real-time insights into the cultural processes by which humans learn to use plants. This case study highlights how biological invasions and cultural expansions can be subjected to different constraints

Intellectual Capital and Performance in Higher Education Organizations

This paper intends to explore the relative importance of different Intellectual Capital (IC) dimensions regarding their contribution to the perceived performance of an Higher Education Organization (HEO). It also seeks to discuss the role of IC and performance measurement in these organizations. This is done through a case study conducted in a Portuguese HEO. The particularities of this type of organization turns it into a very interesting empirical ground for IC research. Evidence suggests that although human, structural and relational capital should contribute as a “whole” to the performance of an HEO, human resources have an added importance as source of knowledge. Results also suggest an ‘overlap’ between IC and performance indicators. Despite the validity of the interpretations provided in the context of the case study, generalization to other situations should only be conducted in a theoretically framed manner. This paper contributes to the development of IC research in a specific type of organization: an HEO. This empirical context is still underexplored, namely regarding the relationship between IC and performance. This study provides important managerial implications for HEOs and their members, who are concerned with its performance and competitiveness

ATIVISMO JUDICIAL E A PRESUNÇÃO DE INOCÊNCIA DO ADOLESCENTE INFRATOR – ANÁLISE DA DECISÃO DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL NO HC 122.072/2014

This works aims to examine if the Supreme Court made use of judicial activism when decided on the writ of Habeas Corpus no. 122.072/2014 the suspension of an adolescent offender internment acused to commite a criminal offense equivalent to the art. 157, § 2o, I e II and art. 129 (aggraveted robbery) of the Brazilian Criminal Code. The decision was mainly based on the Presumption of Innocence Principle. Analyzing the characteristics of this decision, this study concludes that the Supreme Court (STF) exceeded the limits of its typical jurisdiction in determining the application of a constitucional principle applied to the Procedural Criminal Law while the Child and Adolescent Statute (Law no. 8.069/90) determines the aplication of Civil Procedural Appeal System that excludes the Presumption of Innocence Principle. The Supreme Court also made use of judicial activism when admited this discussion on a writ of Habeas Corpus while the appropiate legal remedy is the ordinary criminal appeal.O artigo tem por finalidade examinar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) utilizou-se de ativismo judicial quando decidiu no HC 122.072/2014 pela desinternação de adolescente infrator por cometimento de ato infracional equiparado ao previsto no art. 157, § 2º, I e II e art. 129, caput do CP (roubo qualificado) com base, principalmente, no que estabelece o Princípio da Presunção de Inocência. Pela análise das características da decisão exarada, o presente estudo concluirá se a Corte Superior excedeu os limites de sua competência jurisdicional típica tanto ao determinar a aplicação de princípio constitucional próprio do direito processual penal ao sistema recursal processual civil previsto pela Lei 8.069/90 (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente – ECA), quanto ao admitir a discussão por intermédio de remédio constitucional – Habeas Corpus – e não por meio de recurso ordinário próprio

Humanizing information about meaningful activities for people with dementia

Stigma and discrimination regarding dementia are still very impactful on the experience of having dementia and of being a carer. To tackle this issue and uplift the quality of life of people with dementia and their carers, efforts are being made to push forward a change in the societal perception of dementia. These include raising awareness and promoting inclusive initiatives that con- jointly involve people with dementia and their carers, such as engaging in mean- ingful activities. Meaningful activities have a crucial role in enhancing the well- being of people with dementia, as a means for participation, connection with oth- ers, self-expression, and control. This position paper calls attention to the need for improving the design of information so that it is tailored to people with dementia and supports their self- determination, individuality and autonomy, and the feeling of living a meaningful life. Although there is plenty of information about dementia, often this is not tar- geted to people with dementia, nor designed in a way that facilitates their access and understanding. This is an opportunity for design practice and research to con- tribute. This position is driven by person-centred, rights-based and participatory design approaches and is anchored in the authors’ previous research on co-de- signing with people with dementia and their families to support their engagement in meaningful activities.publishe

Ionic Liquids Based on Oxidoperoxido-Molybdenum(VI) Complexes with a Chelating Picolinate Ligand for Catalytic Epoxidation

UID/QUI/50006/2019 UID/Multi/04378/2019 UIDB/50011/2020 UIDP/50011/2020 contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of article 23 of the Decree-Law 57/2016 of 29 August, changed by Law 57/2017 of 19 July.Ionic oxidoperoxido-molybdenum(VI) complexes of the type [Cat][MoO(O2)2(pic)], with pic = N,O-chelated picolinate ligand and Cat = monocation, were prepared in high yields (82–95%) from the precursor complex [H3O][MoO(O2)2(pic)] via [H]+ cation exchange for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM]+, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM]+, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [OMIM]+, N-cetylpyridinium [C16Py]+, and N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium [Aliquat]+. The structure and purity of the ionic compounds were assessed by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis (C, H, N), and the electrochemical properties were studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The [Cat][MoO(O2)2(pic)] compounds showed promising catalytic epoxidation activity based on the model reaction of cis-cyclooctene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. The type of cation influenced the physical state of the compound and the catalytic performance.publishersversionpublishe

Experimental admixture among geographically disjunct populations of an invasive plant yields a global mosaic of reproductive incompatibility and heterosis

1. Invasive species have the ability to rapidly adapt in the new regions where they are introduced. Classic evolutionary theory predicts that the accumulation of genetic differences over time in allopatric isolation may lead to reproductive incompatibilities resulting in decreases in reproductive success and, eventually, to speciation. However, experimental evidence for this theoretical prediction in the context of invasive species is lacking. We aimed to test for the potential of allopatry to determine reproductive success of invasive plants, by experimentally admixing genotypes from six different native and non‐native regions of Centaurea solstitialis, an invasive forb for which preliminary studies have detected some degree of reproductive isolation between one native and non‐native region. 2. We grew plants under common garden conditions and outcrossed individuals originating from different source populations in the native and introduced range to evaluate reproductive success in terms of seed to ovule ratio produced. We also assessed geographical and genetic isolation among C. solstitialis regions as a potential driving factor of reproductive success. 3. Experimental admixture generated mixed fitness effects, including significant increases, decreases and no differences in reproductive success as compared to crosses within population (control). Centaurea solstitialis invasive populations in the Americas generated preponderantly negative fitness interactions, regardless of the pollen source, suggesting selection against immigrants and reinforcement. Other non‐native populations (Australia) as well as individuals from the native range of Spain demonstrated an increase in fitness for between‐region crosses, indicating inbreeding. These differences show an asymmetrical response to inter‐regional gene flow, but no evidence of isolation by distance. 4. Synthesis. The speed of adaptation and the accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities among allopatric populations of invasive species might be more rapid than previously assumed. Our data show a global mosaic of reproductive outputs, showcasing an array of evolutionary processes unfolding during colonization at large biogeographical scales

Experimental admixture among geographically disjunct populations of an invasive plant yields a global mosaic of reproductive incompatibility and heterosis

Invasive species have the ability to rapidly adapt in the new regions where they are introduced. Classic evolutionary theory predicts that the accumulation of genetic differences over time in allopatric isolation may lead to reproductive incompatibilities resulting in decreases in reproductive success and, eventually, to speciation. However, experimental evidence for this theoretical prediction in the context of invasive species is lacking. We aimed to test for the potential of allopatry to determine reproductive success of invasive plants, by experimentally admixing genotypes from six different native and non-native regions of Centaurea solstitialis, an invasive forb for which preliminary studies have detected some degree of reproductive isolation between one native and non-native region. We grew plants under common garden conditions and outcrossed individuals originating from different source populations in the native and introduced range to evaluate reproductive success in terms of seed to ovule ratio produced. We also assessed geographical and genetic isolation among C. solstitialis regions as a potential driving factor of reproductive success. Experimental admixture generated mixed fitness effects, including significant increases, decreases and no differences in reproductive success as compared to crosses within population (control). Centaurea solstitialis invasive populations in the Americas generated preponderantly negative fitness interactions, regardless of the pollen source, suggesting selection against immigrants and reinforcement. Other non-native populations (Australia) as well as individuals from the native range of Spain demonstrated an increase in fitness for between-region crosses, indicating inbreeding. These differences show an asymmetrical response to inter-regional gene flow, but no evidence of isolation by distance. Synthesis. The speed of adaptation and the accumulation of reproductive incompatibilities among allopatric populations of invasive species might be more rapid than previously assumed. Our data show a global mosaic of reproductive outputs, showcasing an array of evolutionary processes unfolding during colonization at large biogeographical scales.Fil: Irimia, Ramona E.. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Alemania. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Hierro, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Branco, Soraia. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Sotes, Gastón Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentina. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cavieres, Lohengrin A.. Universidad de Chile; Chile. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Eren, Ozkan. Adnan Menderes Universitesi; TurquíaFil: Lortie, Christopher J.. University of York; Reino UnidoFil: French, Kristine. No especifíca;Fil: Callaway, Ragan M.. University of Montana; Estados UnidosFil: Montesinos, Daniel. Universidad de Coimbra; Portuga

Palinomorphs from Caí River Valley, northeast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: morphological descriptions and paleoecological implications

A análise de formas atuais de grãos de pólen e esporos e sua posterior organização em uma coleção de referência foram realizadas com as espécies mais comuns de plantas do Vale do Rio Caí, sul do Brasil. Este procedimento objetiva o conhecimento dos aspectos morfológicos desses materiais, para facilitar as comparações com grãos dispersos em sedimentos do final do Cenozoico e propiciar reconstituições paleoecológicas e paleoclimáticas. Os grãos de pólen foram selecionados entre os que melhor representam as distintas formações vegetacionais presentes, Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Floresta Estacional Decidual, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Estepe (Campos) e receberam tratamento prévio com o método de acetólise. São apresentadas as medidas, a descrição e a ilustração das 93 formas identificadas, das quais 63 são inéditas para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, atestando a carência de dados e estudos polínicos regionais. Palavras-chave: pólen, esporos, Quaternário, Vale do Rio Caí, sul do Brasil.Modern pollen grains and spores of the main species occurring in the Caí River Valley, Southern Brazil, are analyzed in their morphological aspects looking for distinct morphologies. Moreover, this species were compared with those dispersed in Late Cenozoic beds, providing support to paleoecological and paleoclimatic inferences. The four main vegetations growing today around the valley and included in the broad Mata Atlantica biome were sampled and are represented in the palinomorph assemblage: the Mixed Rainforest with Araucaria, the Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous forests and the Steppe (Campos). The pollen grains were processed by the method of acetolysis and each type described, measured and illustrated. Among the 93 palynomorphs analyzed, 63 are unpublished data for Rio Grande do Sul State, attesting the lack of data about its palinological assemblages. Key words: pollen, spores, Quaternary, Caí River Valley, Southern Brazil

Perfil termográfico das extremidades inferiores de indivíduos em tratamento de feridas ulcerativas: uma exploração qualitativa das imagens

Thermography proves to be a new conceptin measuring the thermogenesis of biological systems,a valuable method for confirming clinical diagnosisdiscarding subjective analysis and personal criteria.The result of the thermographic evaluation is the subjectof qualitative and quantitative analyses. This study aimedto identify the thermal profile of the lower extremities ofindividuals diagnosed with cardiovascular and endocrineand metabolic diseases in the treatment of ulcerativewounds. A thermographic evaluation was performed from 19 dorsal, plantar, lateral, and medial extremities. In thequalitative analysis, images with and without a wound weredivided according to diagnosis. After the division, a checklist waselaborated for the qualitative evaluation of the images. A totalof 100 individuals (49 women and 51 men) participated, 65 withcardiovascular disease and 35 with endocrine and metabolicdisease. There was a difference in the thermal pattern betweenthe extremities in both diagnoses. The groups presented similarthermographic characteristics with signs of more radiationin the wounds, predominantly with red and white stains.More regions of interest with lesions on the medial foot, lateral,and medial ankle border were observed in individuals with chroniccardiovascular disease. Those with endocrine and metabolicdisease presented more regions with lesions in the plantar(forefoot), dorsal, and medial ankle regions. The profile showeda discrepancy in the thermal pattern in the regions of interestof wounded and without wound extremities according to thediagnoses. Signs of wounds emitting high levels of radiationwere similar in both groups, but the physiology of the diseaseand treatment differed.A termografia revela-se como um novo conceito na mensuração da termogênese de sistemas biológicos e um método valioso para confirmação de diagnóstico clínico que dispensa análises subjetivas e critérios pessoais. O resultado da avaliação termográfica é alvo de duas análises: qualitativa e quantitativa. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil térmico das extremidades inferiores de indivíduos diagnosticados com doenças de base endocrinometabólica e circulatória em tratamento de feridas ulcerativas. Para tanto, foi realizada avaliação termográfica de 19 regiões, distribuídas nas áreas dorsal, plantar, lateral e medial das extremidades. Na análise qualitativa, as imagens com e sem ferida foram divididas de acordo com o diagnóstico. Após a divisão, elaborou-se um checklist para a avaliação qualitativa das imagens. Participaram 100 indivíduos (49 mulheres e 51 homens), sendo 65 com doença circulatória e 35 com doença endocrinometabólica. Houve diferença no padrão de coloração entre as extremidades em ambos os diagnósticos. Os grupos apresentaram características termográficas semelhantes, com sinais de hiperradiação nas feridas, predominantemente de colorações vermelho e branco. Foi observado maior número de lesões na borda medial de pé e na lateral e medial de tornozelo nos indivíduos com doença de base circulatória. Já aqueles com doença de base endocrinometabólica apresentaram maior número de lesões nas regiões plantar (antepé), dorsal e medial de tornozelo. O perfil revelou discrepância na coloração das regiões de interesse da extremidade com e sem ferida, de acordo com os diagnósticos. Os sinais de hiperradiação das feridas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, porém a fisiologia das doenças e os tratamentos diferiram. | La termografía es un nuevo procedimiento para lamedición de la termogénesis de los sistemas biológicos y unmétodo valioso para confirmar el diagnóstico clínico que norequiere análisis subjetivos y criterios personales. El resultado dela evaluación termográfica está sujeto a dos análisis: cualitativoy cuantitativo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfiltérmico de los miembros inferiores en individuos con diagnósticode enfermedades endocrinometabólicas y circulatorias entratamiento por lesiones ulcerativas. Para ello, se realizó unaevaluación termográfica de 19 regiones, distribuidas en lasregiones dorsal, plantar, lateral y medial de los miembros. En elanálisis cualitativo, las imágenes con y sin lesiones se dividieronpor diagnóstico. Después de la división, se elaboró una listade verificación para la evaluación cualitativa de las imágenes.Participaron 100 individuos (49 mujeres y 51 hombres), de loscuales 65 tenían enfermedad circulatoria y 35 enfermedadendocrinometabólica. Hubo una diferencia en el estándar decolor entre los miembros en ambos diagnósticos. Los gruposmostraron características termográficas similares, con signos dehiperradiación en las lesiones, predominantemente de coloresrojo y blanco. Se observó un mayor número de lesiones enel borde medial del pie y en el lateral y medial del tobillo enindividuos con enfermedad circulatoria. Aquellos con enfermedadendocrinometabólica presentaron mayor número de lesiones en laregión plantar (antepié), dorsal y medial del tobillo. El perfil revelódiscrepancia en el color en las regiones de interés de los miembroscon y sin lesiones según los diagnósticos. Aunque los signos dehiperradiación de las lesiones fueron similares en ambos grupos,la fisiología de las enfermedades y los tratamientos difirier