964 research outputs found
Cosmic voids detection without density measurements
Cosmic voids are effective cosmological probes to discriminate among
competing world models. Their identification is generally based on density or
geometry criteria that, because of their very nature, are prone to shot noise.
We propose two void finders that are based on dynamical criterion to select
voids in Lagrangian coordinates and minimise the impact of sparse sampling. The
first approach exploits the Zel'dovich approximation to trace back in time the
orbits of galaxies located in voids and their surroundings, the second uses the
observed galaxy-galaxy correlation function to relax the objects' spatial
distribution to homogeneity and isotropy. In both cases voids are defined as
regions of the negative velocity divergence, that can be regarded as sinks of
the back-in-time streamlines of the mass tracers. To assess the performance of
our methods we used a dark matter halo mock catalogue CoDECS, and compared the
results with those obtained with the ZOBOV void finder. We find that the void
divergence profiles are less scattered than the density ones and, therefore,
their stacking constitutes a more accurate cosmological probe. The significance
of the divergence signal in the central part of voids obtained from both our
finders is 60% higher than for overdensity profiles in the ZOBOV case. The
ellipticity of the stacked void measured in the divergence field is closer to
unity, as expected, than what is found when using halo positions. Therefore our
void finders are complementary to the existing methods, that should contribute
to improve the accuracy of void-based cosmological tests.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Neutron irradiation test on ATLAS MDT chambers
Abstract The Monitored Drift Tubes (MDT) chambers of the ATLAS muon spectrometer are crucial for the identification of high-momentum final-state muons, which represent very promising and robust signatures of physics at the LHC. They will operate in a high rate and high background environment and therefore their performances should not significantly degrade for the whole ATLAS data taking. The maximum expected total flux, mainly consisting of neutrons and photons in the MeV range, is of the order of 5 kHz/cm 2 for the barrel MDTs, while at SLHC, with machine working at higher luminosity, fluxes can be 10 times higher. To test detector robustness, a MDT test chamber was exposed to intensive neutron irradiation at the TAPIRO ENEA-Casaccia Research Center facility
The relation between Lyman-alpha absorbers and gas--rich galaxies in the local universe
We use high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the spatial
correlation between weak (N(HI) <10^{15} cm^{-2}) Ly-alpha absorbers and
gas-rich galaxies in the local universe. We confirm that Ly-alpha absorbers are
preferentially expected near gas-rich galaxies and that the degree of
correlation increases with the column density of the absorber. The real-space
galaxy auto-correlation is stronger than the cross-correlation (correlation
lengths r_{0,gg}=3.1 \pm 0.1 Mpc/h and r_{0,ag}=1.4 \pm 0.1 Mpc/h,
respectively), in contrast with the recent results of Ryan-Weber (2006, RW06),
and the auto-correlation of absorbers is very weak. These results are robust to
the presence of strong galactic winds in the hydrodynamical simulations. In
redshift-space a further mismatch arises since at small separations the
distortion pattern of the simulated galaxy-absorber cross-correlation function
is different from the one measured by RW06. However, when sampling the
intergalactic medium along a limited number of lines-of-sight, as in the real
data, uncertainties in the cross correlation estimates are large enough to
account for these discrepancies. Our analysis suggests that the statistical
significance of difference between the cross-correlation and auto-correlation
signal in current datasets is ~ 1-sigma only.Comment: 11+ pages, 9 figures. MNRAS in pres
Dark Matter Annihilation around Intermediate Mass Black Holes: an update
The formation and evolution of Black Holes inevitably affects the
distribution of dark and baryonic matter in the neighborhood of the Black Hole.
These effects may be particularly relevant around Supermassive and Intermediate
Mass Black Holes (IMBHs), the formation of which can lead to large Dark Matter
overdensities, called {\em spikes} and {\em mini-spikes} respectively. Despite
being larger and more dense, spikes evolve at the very centers of galactic
halos, in regions where numerous dynamical effects tend to destroy them.
Mini-spikes may be more likely to survive, and they have been proposed as
worthwhile targets for indirect Dark Matter searches. We review here the
formation scenarios and the prospects for detection of mini-spikes, and we
present new estimates for the abundances of mini-spikes to illustrate the
sensitivity of such predictions to cosmological parameters and uncertainties
regarding the astrophysics of Black Hole formation at high redshift. We also
connect the IMBHs scenario to the recent measurements of cosmic-ray electron
and positron spectra by the PAMELA, ATIC, H.E.S.S., and Fermi collaborations.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Invited contribution to NJP Focus Issue on "Dark
Matter and Particle Physics
Measurement of Gamma(phi -> eta' gamma)/Gamma(phi -> eta gamma) and the pseudoscalar mixing angle
We have measured the radiative decays phi -> eta gamma, phi ->etaprime gamma
selecting pi+ pi- gamma gamma gamma final state in a sample of about 5 times
10^7 phi mesons produced at the Frascati phi factory DAFNE. We obtain Gamma(phi
-> etaprime gamma)/Gamma(phi -> eta gamma)=(4.70 +- 0.47 +- 0.31) times 10^-3.
From this result we derive new accurate values for the branching ratio BR(phi
->etaprime gamma) = (6.10 +- 0.61 +- 0.43) times 10^-5, and the mixing angle of
pseudoscalar mesons in the flavour basis phi_P=(41.8 +1.9 -1.6) degrees.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Study of the Decay phi --> eta pi0 gamma with the KLOE detector
In a sample of 5.3x10^7 phi-decays observed with the KLOE detector at the
Frascati phi-factory Dafne we find 605 eta pi0 gamma events with eta -->
gamma\gamma and 197 eta pi0 gamma events with eta --> pi+ pi- pi0. The decay
phi --> eta pi0 gamma is dominated by the process phi --> a0 gamma. From a fit
to the eta pi0 mass spectrum we find BR(phi --> ao(980) gamma)= (7.4 +-
0.7)x10^-5.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.
Search for composite and exotic fermions at LEP 2
A search for unstable heavy fermions with the DELPHI detector at LEP is
reported. Sequential and non-canonical leptons, as well as excited leptons and
quarks, are considered. The data analysed correspond to an integrated
luminosity of about 48 pb^{-1} at an e^+e^- centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV
and about 20 pb^{-1} equally shared between the centre-of-mass energies of 172
GeV and 161 GeV. The search for pair-produced new leptons establishes 95%
confidence level mass limits in the region between 70 GeV/c^2 and 90 GeV/c^2,
depending on the channel. The search for singly produced excited leptons and
quarks establishes upper limits on the ratio of the coupling of the excited
fermio
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