316 research outputs found
En kvalitativ undersÞkelse om lek og relasjoner mellom ansatte og barn «
Rammeplan for barnehagens oppgaver og innhold (2017) sier at personalet har et ansvar for Ä aktivt legge til rette for omsorgsrelasjoner mellom personalet og barn (kunnskapsdepartementet, 2017). Alle voksne i barnehagen har et pÄlagt ansvar for Ä legge til rette for gode relasjoner med barna. I denne oppgaven vil jeg undersÞke hvordan barnehagelÊreren kan legge til rette for slike omsorgsfulle relasjoner mellom barn og voksen gjennom mÞte med barns egen lek.
Alle ansatte skal skape gode relasjoner i barnehagen, men i denne oppgaven velger jeg Ä fokusere pÄ barnehagelÊrerens rolle siden det er mitt utdanningslÞp Jeg velger Ä avgrense oppgaven ved Ä holde fokus pÄ barnets egen initierte lek, fordi det er den leken jeg opplever som kjernen i barnehagehverdagen. Det er der barnehagelÊreren har store muligheter til Ä lÊre Ä kjenne barnet best.
Derfor ble problemstillingen i denne oppgaven:
«Hvordan kan barnehagelÊreren mÞte barnet i leken for Ä bygge relasjoner?publishedVersio
The evolution of human influenza A viruses from 1999 to 2006: A complete genome study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Knowledge about the complete genome constellation of seasonal influenza A viruses from different countries is valuable for monitoring and understanding of the evolution and migration of strains. Few complete genome sequences of influenza A viruses from Europe are publicly available at the present time and there have been few longitudinal genome studies of human influenza A viruses. We have studied the evolution of circulating human H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2 influenza A viruses from 1999 to 2006, we analysed 234 Danish human influenza A viruses and characterised 24 complete genomes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>H3N2 was the prevalent strain in Denmark during the study period, but H1N1 dominated the 2000â2001 season. H1N2 viruses were first observed in Denmark in 2002â2003. After years of little genetic change in the H1N1 viruses the 2005â2006 season presented H1N1 of greater variability than before. This indicates that H1N1 viruses are evolving and that H1N1 soon is likely to be the prevalent strain again. Generally, the influenza A haemagglutinin (HA) of H3N2 viruses formed seasonal phylogenetic clusters. Different lineages co-circulating within the same season were also observed. The evolution has been stochastic, influenced by small "jumps" in genetic distance rather than constant drift, especially with the introduction of the Fujian-like viruses in 2002â2003. Also evolutionary stasis-periods were observed which might indicate well fit viruses. The evolution of H3N2 viruses have also been influenced by gene reassortments between lineages from different seasons. None of the influenza genes were influenced by strong positive selection pressure. The antigenic site B in H3N2 HA was the preferred site for genetic change during the study period probably because the site A has been masked by glycosylations. Substitutions at CTL-epitopes in the genes coding for the neuraminidase (NA), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein 1 (M1), non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and especially the nucleoprotein (NP) were observed. The N-linked glycosylation pattern varied during the study period and the H3N2 isolates from 2004 to 2006 were highly glycosylated with ten predicted sequons in HA, the highest amount of glycosylations observed in this study period.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study is the first to our knowledge to characterise the evolution of complete genomes of influenza A H3N2, H1N1 and H1N2 isolates from Europe over a time period of seven years from 1999 to 2006. More precise knowledge about the circulating strains may have implications for predicting the following season strains and thereby better matching the vaccine composition.</p
MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU SEKOLAH DI SMA NEGERI I DUKUPUNTANG KABUPATEN CIREBON
Yoyoh Rokayah :
Masalah pendidikan merupakan kegiatan yang kompleks. Pemberian
otonomi yang luas kepada sekolah dalam mengembangkan kurikulum dan
pembelajaran beserta sitem evaluasinya merupakan kepedulian pemerintah
terhadap upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Peningkatan mutu menjadi semakin
penting bagi institusi yang digunakan untuk memperoleh kontrol yang lebih baik
melalui usahanya sendiri. Keberhasilan institusi pendidikan dalam menjalankan
program yang telah direncanakan perlu didukung dengan sebuah kepemimpinan
kepala sekolah, mengingat kepemimpinan merupakan motor penggerak bagi
sumber daya yang dimiliki lembaga.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: a. Bagaimanakah model
kepemimpinan kepala sekolah ? b. Bagaimanakah standar sekolah yang bermutu,
dan c. Apa model kepemimpinan dan pelaksanaan kepemimpinan yang cocok
dilaksanakan di sekolah SMA Negeri I Dukupuntang dalam peningkatan mutu
sekolah ?.
Tujuan penelitian meliputi: a. Menjelaskan model kepemimpinan kepala
sekolah, b. Menjelaskan standar sekolah yang bermutu, c. Menjelaskan model
dan pelaksanaan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang cocok dilaksanakan di SMA
Negeri I Dukupuntang.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan
langkah-langkah observasi, pengamatan, studi dokumen, dan informan.
Kesimpulan: a. Model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah adalah berkisar
kepada model dan model kepemimpinan yang mana yang paling efektif dan
efisien dalam mencapai tujuan lembaga. Dalam implementasinya, kepala sekolah
sebagai leader dapat dianalisis dari model kepemimpinan, yaitu; Model
kepemimpinan pada umumnya adalah model kepemimpinan pribadi, Model
kepemimpinan non pribadi, model kepemimpinan otoriter, model kepemimpinan
demokratis, model kepemimpinan paternalistis, model kepemimpinan menurut
bakat. Di samping model-model kepemimpinan tersebut, ada pendapat yang
mengemukakan menjadi tiga model antara lain : Otokratis, Demokratis, dan
Laisezfaire. b. Mutu Sekolah berkenaan dengan penilaian bagaimana suatu
produk memenuhi kriteria standar atau rujukan tertentu. Rumusan mutu
pendidikan bersifat dinamis dan dapat ditelaah dari berbagai sudut pandang.
Standar sekolah yang bermutu adalah meliputi; 1) standar isi, 2) standar proses,
3) standar kompetensi lulusan, 4) standar kompetensi pendidik dan tenaga
kependidikan, 5) standar sarana dan prasarana, 6) standar pengelolaan, 7) standar
pembiayaan dan, 8) standar penilaian pendidikan. c. Model Kepemimpinan
Kepala Sekolah yang cocok dilaksanakan oleh kepala sekolah Di SMA Negeri I
Dukuputang Kabupaten Cirebon dalam Peningkatan Mutu Sekolah adalah model
Kepemimpinan demokratis dan transformasional
ICNPÂź in nursing documentation â when expectations meet reality
The International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNPÂź)
terminology was in 2016 implemented in three Norwegian
municipalities through the introduction of five standardized
care plans in the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) system. This
poster provides results from an exploratory, qualitative study,
investigating how nurses in these municipalities applied the
care plans into their daily informational work.
Keywords:
Electronic Patient Records, Documentation, Terminolog
Jeg vil vÊre oppegÄende sÄ lenge jeg kan : En kvalitativ studie av livet med funksjonsnedsettelser og tekniske hjelpemidler
FormÄl:
Hensikten med denne studien er Ä undersÞke hvilken betydning det har Ä leve med funksjonsnedsettelser og tekniske hjelpemidler. TilnÊrmingen er todelt; Ä redegjÞre for hvordan hjelpemiddelbrukere opplever Ä leve med funksjonsnedsettelse og tekniske hjelpemidler, samt Ä utdype hvordan man kan forstÄ deres opplevelser.
Teoretisk forankring:
Studien har en teoretisk forankring innen «Disability studies» med fokus pÄ ulike forstÄelser av funksjonshemning. BÄde den medisinske, sosiale og relasjonelle modellen for funksjonshemning er viktige teoretiske referanser som deltagernes fortellinger forstÄs i lys av. Sentrale teoretiske tilnÊrminger til normalitet og avvik har dessuten en vesentlig plass i studien.
Metode:
Kvalitative forskningsmetoder med en kombinasjon av (deltagende) observasjon og intervju har vÊrt utgangspunkt for Ä skape det empiriske materialet i studien. Det er i alt fire deltagere som er blitt observert og intervjuet i studien. Materialet bestÄr av tekst fra feltnotater og transkriberte intervju som er meningsfortettet. Materialet fra begge metodene inngÄr i studien og anvendes sammen i analysen.
Resultat:
Deltagerne konstruerer til dels forskjellige betydninger av hvordan de opplever Ă„ leve med funksjonsnedsettelse, samtidig som de ogsĂ„ beskriver felles opplevelser. Det kan vĂŠre vanskelig Ă„ forholde seg til en identitet som funksjonshemmet og/eller syk. Ănsket om Ă„ vĂŠre normale, oppegĂ„ende mennesker pĂ„ tross av sin funksjonshemning fremstĂ„r som sentralt. Synligheten av deres funksjonsnedsettelse er bestemmende for hvordan andre forstĂ„r den, og andres forstĂ„else har konsekvenser for hvordan de forstĂ„r seg selv. Ă
bli utsatt for det som oppfattes som negativ oppmerksomhet kan vÊre hemmende for deltagernes livsfÞrsel. De forteller dessuten om ubehagelige fÞlelsesmessige reaksjoner i mÞte med andres «blikk» pÄ dem og pÄ rullestolen. Samtidig fremkaller ogsÄ fysiske barrierer i samfunnet sterke reaksjoner og er av betydning for deres liv.
Konklusjon:
Studien viser at mange forhold har betydning for hvordan det Ă„ leve med funksjonsnedsettelse og hjelpemidler oppleves. Forholdene er komplekst forbundet, og det er behov for forskning som kan kaste lys over de komplekse sammenhengene knyttet til funksjonsnedsettelse og hjelpemiddelbruk
Markedsstrukturer i et nĂŠringseiendomsmarked
Our purpose with this thesis was to illuminate a part of the real estate world that has long been
somewhat inaccessible for public research. We examined the constellation of owners of
commercial property in Kristiansand and calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and
concentration ratio for this market. It is our hope that this descriptive analysis of the market
for commercial property in Kristiansand could be used for further research on market
structure and urban development.
Our thesis is based on second hand data from âKartverketâ, âeiendomsverdi.noâ and the
municipalityâs lists of valuation estimation in relation to taxation. We combined an extensive
mapping of market shares in the Kristiansand commercial real estate market from these
sources and based the calculations on this dataset.
Our results show that the studied market has a low concentration of providers of commercial
property. The index results were far lower than the critical values used by government
agencies for maintaining healthy competition. Although, we do suggest that high barriers to
entry might be present in the market and act as competition hindering factors. We observe that
over the last seven years the market shares of larger providers of commercial property has had
on average almost twice the increase in value compared to smaller providers, while larger
providers experience lower risk over the same period. There are multiple market effects
affecting competition, even though we document low concentration of providers additional
research is required to conclude if there is adequate competition in the market
Avskrekking og beroligelse i norsk sikkerhetspolitikk overfor Russland
Denne studien ser pÄ Norges balanserende politikk overfor Russland, tradisjonelt beskrevet med begrepene avskrekking og beroligelse. Norge har langvarige tradisjoner for denne balanserende politikken, men i tiden etter Russlands annektering av Krim hevdes det fra flere hold at Norge i stÞrre grad vektlegger avskrekking pÄ bekostning av beroligelse. Hensikten med denne studien er Ä gi et bidrag til denne diskusjonen. Studien har en kvalitativ tilnÊrming, og analyserer politiske dokumenter og taler for Ä avdekke Norges avskrekkende og beroligende ambisjoner i tiden etter 2008. Samtidig studeres hva Norge gjÞr i praksis ved Ä se nÊrmere pÄ to faktorer som i norsk politikk er ment Ä ha en avskrekkende virkning, nemlig alliert tilstedevÊrelse i Norge og nasjonal militÊr tilstedevÊrelse i nord, samt to faktorer som er ment Ä ha en beroligende virkning, nemlig selvpÄlagte restriksjoner og militÊrt samarbeid med Russland. Studien viser at Norge i hele perioden vektlegger bÄde avskrekkende og beroligende elementer i sin politikk, og det er ikke mulig Ä gi et entydig svar pÄ om Norge vektlegger avskrekking pÄ bekostning av beroligelse. Likevel ser man en hovedtendens til at Norge har Þkt sin vektlegging av avskrekking, bÄde i ambisjoner og praksis. Samtidig ser man at vektlegging av beroligelse er noe redusert, sÊrlig i praksis. Bildet er likevel sammensatt. Det finnes imidlertid ingen holdepunkter som tilsier at Norge er pÄ vei bort fra sin balanserende politikk overfor Russland
Factors predicting a successful post-discharge outcome for individuals aged 80 years and over
<p><strong>Introduction and background</strong>: The early post-discharge period is a vulnerable time for older patients with complex care requirements. This paper identifies factors predicting a self-reported successful post-discharge outcome for patients aged 80 and over by exploring factors related to the discharge process, the provision of formal home-care services, informal care and characteristics of the patients.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study reports results from survey interviews with patients admitted from home to 14 hospitals in Norway and later discharged home. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of a number of factors on the likelihood that the patients would report that they managed well after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The odds of managing well after discharge were more than four times higher (OR=4.75, p= .022) for patients reporting that someone was present at homecoming than for those who came home to an empty house. Patients who reported receiving adequate help from the municipality had an odds four times (OR 4.18, p= .006) higher of reporting that everything went well after discharge than those who stated the help was inadequate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Having someone at home upon return from hospital and having adequate formal home-care services are significantly associated with patient-reported success in managing well.</p
DNA vaccine based on genes from pandemic influenza A viruses induces broadly protective immunity in swine
Markedsstrukturer i et nĂŠringseiendomsmarked
Our purpose with this thesis was to illuminate a part of the real estate world that has long been somewhat inaccessible for public research. We examined the constellation of owners of commercial property in Kristiansand and calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and concentration ratio for this market. It is our hope that this descriptive analysis of the market for commercial property in Kristiansand could be used for further research on market structure and urban development.
Our thesis is based on second hand data from âKartverketâ, âeiendomsverdi.noâ and the municipalityâs lists of valuation estimation in relation to taxation. We combined an extensive mapping of market shares in the Kristiansand commercial real estate market from these sources and based the calculations on this dataset.
Our results show that the studied market has a low concentration of providers of commercial property. The index results were far lower than the critical values used by government agencies for maintaining healthy competition. Although, we do suggest that high barriers to entry might be present in the market and act as competition hindering factors. We observe that over the last seven years the market shares of larger providers of commercial property has had on average almost twice the increase in value compared to smaller providers, while larger providers experience lower risk over the same period. There are multiple market effects affecting competition, even though we document low concentration of providers additional research is required to conclude if there is adequate competition in the market
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