Os efeitos da testagem computadorizada na performance em testes cognitivos de crianças com e sem sintomas de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade

The objective was to assess the impact of a test digital format on evaluating cognitive functions of children with ADHD symptoms, along with the differential impacts in comparison to the typically developed groups. The sample consisted of 99 children aged 7 to 9 years (M = 7.99, SD = 0.802), being 52 on the clinical group. All participants were assessed with paired batteries of digital and traditional tests. There were significant differences between the evaluated groups on known-compromised constructs for children with ADHD (d= -0,027 to -0,617), the highest being on the digital tasks. However, there were no significant differences in performance when comparing the results within the groups according to their computer-based and paper-and-pencil measures scores. The results suggest that the digital format does not impair the evaluation of children with ADHD symptoms, does not generate significantly different impacts between the clinical and comparison groups. Limitations and possible implications of these results will be discussed.El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del formato digital de prueba en la evaluación de las funciones cognitivas de los niños con síntomas de TDAH, junto con los impactos diferenciales en comparación con los grupos típicamente desarrollados. La muestra consistió en 99 niños de 7 a 9 años (M = 7.99, DE = 0.802), siendo 52 en el grupo clínico. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados con baterías emparejadas de pruebas digitales y tradicionales. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos evaluados en construcciones comprometidas conocidas para niños con TDAH (d= -0.027 a -0.617), el más alto en las tareas digitales. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en el rendimiento al comparar los resultados dentro de los grupos de acuerdo con sus puntajes de medición basados en computadora y en papel y lápiz. Los resultados sugieren que el formato digital no perjudica la evaluación de los niños con síntomas de TDAH, no genera impactos significativamente diferentes entre los grupos clínicos y de comparación. Se discutirán las limitaciones y posibles implicaciones de estos resultados.O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar o impacto da testagem digital para avaliar as funções cognitivas de crianças com sintomas de TDAH, assim como os impactos diferenciais em comparação com grupos com desenvolvimento típico. A amostra foi composta por 99 crianças entre 7 e 9 anos (M = 7,99, DP = 0,802), sendo 52 do grupo clínico. Todos os participantes foram avaliados com baterias emparelhadas de testes digitais e tradicionais. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos em construtos tipicamente apontados por serem comprometidos em crianças com TDAH (d= -0,027 a -0,617), com maiores tamanhos de efeito nas tarefas digitais. Entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas na performance ao comparar os resultados dentro dos grupos ao considerar as pontuações nos testes computadorizados e suas versões de papel. Os resultados sugerem que o formato digital não prejudica a avaliação de crianças com sintomas de TDAH, não gerando impactos significativamente diferentes entre os grupos clínico e de controle. Limitações e possíveis implicações destes resultados serão discutidas

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

A vivência do enfermeiro diante da privação materna em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

As interações entre mãe e filho levam a formação do apego, vinculo afetivo estabelecido entre ambos, que possibilita a criação de uma auto-imagem saudável. O distanciamento precoce e prolongado entre mãe e recém-nascido, denominado de privação materna, dificulta o relacionamento afetivo, repercutindo de forma negativa na saúde mental do individuo. Frente a isso foi elaborado um estudo com o objetivo de discutir a vivência do enfermeiro diante da privação materna em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; identificar a compreensão dos enfermeiros sobre o apego materno filial e descrever medidas que favoreçam o estabelecimento deste vínculo. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou para obtenção dos dados a entrevista semi-estruturada, aplicada à enfermeiros que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, discentes de um curso de especialização neopediátrica. A análise dos dados permitiu a elaboração de três categorias: privação e a permanência dos pais na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; vínculo materno filial na compreensão dos enfermeiros; e cotidiano no trabalho em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Na conclusão é evidenciado que a efetiva atenção ao recém-nascido e sua família, demanda a atuação de profissionais sensibilizados e envolvidos que consolidem uma assistência integral de qualidade

Ecological validity of the five digit test and the oral trails test

ABSTRACT Tests evaluating the attentional-executive system are widely used in clinical practice. However, proximity of an objective cognitive test with real-world situations (ecological validity) is not frequently investigated. The present study evaluate the association between measures of the Five Digit Test (FDT) and the Oral Trails Test (OTT) with self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life as measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Brazilian adults from 18-to-65 years old voluntarily performed the FDT and OTT tests and reported the frequency of cognitive failures in their everyday life through the CFQ. After controlling for the age effect, the measures of controlled attentional processes were associated with cognitive failures, yet the cognitive flexibility of both FDT and OTT accounted for by the majority of variance in most aspects of the CFQ factors. The FDT and the OTT measures were predictive of real-world problems such as cognitive failures in everyday activities/situations

A vivência materna diante do defeito congênito: contribuições para a prática da enfermagem

Os defeitos congênitos estão mais próximos da nossa realidade do que pensamos, hoje é das principais causas de mortes neonatais. A criança com defeito congênito possui características que representam uma afronta aos padrões de normalidade, podendo representar uma quebra na interação social entre o binômio mãe-filho. Frente isto, nos propomos a realizar o presente estudo que tem como objetivo descrever a vivência das mães em ter um filho portador de defeito congênito e discutir o papel da enfermagem no cuidado prestado a esta criança e seus familiares.  Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa em que os dados coletados permitiram a construção de três categorias analíticas: O filho imaginado e o filho real; Descobrindo o defeito congênito do filho; e A atuação dos profissionais diante do defeito congênito na percepção da mãe. Na conclusão evidencia-se que para as mães o nascimento de uma criança com defeito congênito, é um momento delicado e conflitante que demanda o atendimento de profissionais qualificados neste cenário em que a humanização e o conhecimento técnico-científico são imprescindíveis.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit