How minilateral trading agreements may affect the post-Uruguay Round world

One issue dominating recent discussions on free trade areas and other minilateral associations (preferential trade arrangements) is whether such arrangements will detract from further multilateral trade liberalization on a most-favored-nation basis. But for much of this debate empirical information has been lacking on: the global importance of minilateral arrangements that have been, or are being, concluded; the relative size of other major bilateral trade flows not affected by minilateral arrangements, and their suitability for such arrangements; the global importance of Europe in this process; the possibility that other sorts of arrangements - such as managed trade initiatives (arrangements specifying quantitative trade targets) - are a more likely threat as far as trade flows not presently covered by free trade area arrangements are concerned. The authors argue that this lack of relevant data has led to several misconceptions about the movement toward minilateralism. In particular, their statistics suggest that fears about how the further spread of free trade areas will affect world trade volumes may be exaggerated - while the dangers of these blocks becoming hostile to each other may have been underestimated. Using data recently compiled by the United Nations, the authors show that the global importance of minilateral arrangements is now far greater than is often recognized. Almost half of world trade is affected by these arrangements. But major trade flows not covered by minilateral arrangements are dominated by important country-specific problems. In particular, problems relating to high-technology trade between Asian newly industrialized countries (NICs), Japan, and the United States, as well as between Asian NICs, Japan, and Western Europe, are sufficiently important to hinder the formation of additional free trade areas. This suggests that fears about the spread of such arrangements may have been exaggerated. The authors'tabulations and analysis of the discriminatory trade barriers applied to these flows indicate that managed trade is a far more likely outcome.Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy,Economic Theory&Research,Trade and Regional Integration

Continuous limits of tilting modules

We provided a constructive argument to obtain an infinite generated tilting module from a family of tilting modules satisfying some hypotheses. We also applied the result over a hereditary algebra to get the Lukas tilting module

Hydrodynamic and thermal evaluation of fouling mitigation in hydrogenerators heat exchangers

Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Mauritius, 11-13 July, 2011.The effectiveness of a mitigation technology for undesired formation of mineral inlay (fouling) and biological material (biofouling) in the plate heat exchangers of the bearings refrigeration system in the hydrogenerators of the power plant "Fontes Nova" (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was studied. These incrustations change the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the system due to the increase in the pressure drop and the drastic reduction of the thermal effectivity of the heat exchangers. The technology that was object of the study "excites the flow" because of the appli-cation of an electric field generated by an electronic device. To evaluate the effectivity of the mitigation method, the plate heat exchangers was instrumented. Water quality is also studied to analyze the environmental impact and the need to explain the undesired mechanism of biofouling.pm201

Holographic model for dilepton production in p-p collisions

We propose a holographic model for dilepton production in proton-proton collisions based on the exchange of vector mesons. The holographic hard wall model is used to describe the dynamics and interactions of vector mesons and baryons. We estimate the parameters lambda, mu, nu that characterize the angular distribution of the produced dileptons in a region of q_T^2 << Q^2, where perturbative QCD presents an effective strong coupling due to large logarithm corrections.Comment: Revision: V4 In this version we modified the dimension of the fermionic operator to match the canonical dimension of a baryonic operator. This modification affected slightly our results with respect to v3. 25 pages, 3 Latex figures + 6 eps figures, 5 tables. To appear in Nucl. Phys.

Deep Inelastic Scattering in Holographic AdS/QCD Models

We review the description of deep inelastic scattering using some AdS/QCD phenomenological models.Comment: Talk presented by NRFB at Light Cone 2009: Relativistic Hadronic and Particle Physics, 8-13 Jul 2009, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazi

Black-hole quasinormal modes and scalar glueballs in a finite-temperature AdS/QCD model

We use the holographic AdS/QCD soft-wall model to investigate the spectrum of scalar glueballs in a finite temperature plasma. In this model, glueballs are described by a massless scalar field in an AdS_5 black hole with a dilaton soft-wall background. Using AdS/CFT prescriptions, we compute the boundary retarded Green's function. The corresponding thermal spectral function shows quasiparticle peaks at low temperatures. We also compute the quasinormal modes of the scalar field in the soft-wall black hole geometry. The temperature and momentum dependences of these modes are analyzed. The positions and widths of the peaks of the spectral function are related to the frequencies of the quasinormal modes. Our numerical results are found employing the power series method and the computation of Breit-Wigner resonances.Comment: Revision: Results unchanged. More discussions on the model and on the results. References added. 28 pages, 7 figures, 5 table

Green manure in coffee systems in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais: characteristics and kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.

The use of green manure may contribute to reduce soil erosion and increase the soil organic matter content and N availability in coffee plantations in the Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. The potential of four legumes (A. pintoi, C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. guianensis)to produce above-ground biomass, accumulate nutrients and mineralize N was studied in two coffee plantations of subsistence farmers under different climate conditions. The biomass production of C. mucunoides was influenced by the shade of the coffee plantation.C. mucunoides tended to mineralize more N than the other legumes due to the low polyphenol content and polyphenol/N ratio. In the first year, the crop establishment of A. pintoi in the area took longer than of the other legumes, resulting in lower biomass production and N2 fixation. In the long term, cellulose was the main factor controlling N mineralization. The biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and biomass production of the legumes were greatly influenced by the altitude and position of the area relative to the sun