2,831 research outputs found
Physical aggression, compromised social support, and 10-year marital outcomes: Testing a relational spillover model
The purpose of the present study was to test a relational spillover model of physical aggression whereby physical aggression affects marital outcomes due to its effects on how spouses ask for and provide support to one another. Newlywed couples (n = 172) reported levels of physical aggression over the past year and engaged in interactions designed to elicit social support; marital adjustment, and stability were assessed periodically over the first 10 years of marriage. Multilevel modeling revealed that negative support behavior mediated the relationship between physical aggression and 10-year marital adjustment levels whereas positive support behavior mediated the relationship between physical aggression and divorce status. These findings emphasize the need to look beyond conflict when explaining how aggression affects relationships and when working with couples with a history of physical aggression who are seeking to improve their relationships
Stress Crossover in Intimate Relationships: A New Framework for Studying Dynamic Co-Regulation Patterns in Dyadic Interactions
It has been demonstrated that stress, experienced outside of a relationship, can spill into a relationship and cross over during interactions from one partner to the other. However, the mechanism of how stress cross over in real-time between partners is still unknown. To overcome this limitation, we invited 189 couples (N = 378 individuals) for two interactions and stressed either the man, the woman, or both partners between the interactions with a standardized stress-induction procedure. Vocally-encoded emotional arousal (i.e., fundamental frequency, indexed as fo) was extracted from both partners in 25,834 talk turns. Dynamical systems modeling revealed four patterns of dynamic influence prior to stress induction, which started to erode after the stress induction. This demonstrates that the initially unstressed mates become stressed during the behavioral exchange and stress crosses over from the unstressed partner to the stressed mates, interfering with their ability to down-regulate stress
Safety of tattoos in persons undergoing MRI
In 330 persons who had one to seven tattoos, only one mild tattoo-related adverse reaction was detected during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results suggest a low risk among persons with tattoos when MRI is performed under these specific study conditions
Multiwavelength Observations of a Flare from Markarian 501
We present multiwavelength observations of the BL Lacertae object Markarian
501 (Mrk 501) in 1997 between April 8 and April 19. Evidence of correlated
variability is seen in very high energy (VHE, E > 350 GeV) gamma-ray
observations taken with the Whipple Observatory gamma-ray telescope, data from
the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment of the Compton Gamma-Ray
Observatory, and quicklook results from the All-Sky Monitor of the Rossi X-ray
Timing Explorer while the Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope did not
detect Mrk 501. Short term optical correlations are not conclusive but the
U-band flux observed with the 1.2m telescope of the Whipple Observatory was 10%
higher than in March. The average energy output of Mrk 501 appears to peak in
the 2 keV to 100 keV range suggesting an extension of the synchrotron emission
to at least 100 keV, the highest observed in a blazar and ~100 times higher
than that seen in the other TeV-emitting BL Lac object, Mrk 421. The VHE
gamma-ray flux observed during this period is the highest ever detected from
this object. The VHE gamma-ray energy output is somewhat lower than the 2-100
keV range but the variability amplitude is larger. The correlations seen here
do not require relativistic beaming of the emission unless the VHE spectrum
extends to >5 TeV.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Magnetic properties of colloidal suspensions of interacting magnetic particles
We review equilibrium thermodynamic properties of systems of magnetic
particles like ferrofluids in which dipolar interactions play an important
role. The review is focussed on two subjects: ({\em i}) the magnetization with
the initial magnetic susceptibility as a special case and ({\em ii}) the phase
transition behavior. Here the condensation ("gas/liquid") transition in the
subsystem of the suspended particles is treated as well as the
isotropic/ferromagnetic transition to a state with spontaneously generated
long--range magnetic order.Comment: Review. 62 pages, 4 figure
High Energy Neutrinos from Astrophysical Sources: An Upper Bound
We show that cosmic-ray observations set a model-independent upper bound to
the flux of high-energy, > 10^14 eV, neutrinos produced by photo-meson (or p-p)
interactions in sources of size not much larger than the proton photo-meson (or
pp) mean-free-path. The bound applies, in particular, to neutrino production by
either AGN jets or GRBs. This upper limit is two orders of magnitude below the
flux predicted in some popular AGN jet models, but is consistent with our
predictions from GRB models. We discuss the implications of these results for
future km^2 high-energy neutrino detectors.Comment: Added discussion showing bound cannot be evaded by invoking magnetic
fields. Accepted Phys Rev
An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity
Exciting progress towards spin-based quantum computing has recently been made
with qubits realized using nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond and
phosphorus atoms in silicon, including the demonstration of long coherence
times made possible by the presence of spin-free isotopes of carbon and
silicon. However, despite promising single-atom nanotechnologies, there remain
substantial challenges in coupling such qubits and addressing them
individually. Conversely, lithographically defined quantum dots have an
exchange coupling that can be precisely engineered, but strong coupling to
noise has severely limited their dephasing times and control fidelities. Here
we combine the best aspects of both spin qubit schemes and demonstrate a
gate-addressable quantum dot qubit in isotopically engineered silicon with a
control fidelity of 99.6%, obtained via Clifford based randomized benchmarking
and consistent with that required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. This
qubit has orders of magnitude improved coherence times compared with other
quantum dot qubits, with T_2* = 120 mus and T_2 = 28 ms. By gate-voltage tuning
of the electron g*-factor, we can Stark shift the electron spin resonance (ESR)
frequency by more than 3000 times the 2.4 kHz ESR linewidth, providing a direct
path to large-scale arrays of addressable high-fidelity qubits that are
compatible with existing manufacturing technologies
The âebb and flowâ of student learning on placement
There is a rise in interest in work based learning as part of student choice at subject level in the UK (DOE 2017) but there remains an absence of specific guidance on how to best support higher education students learning on placement. An alternative HE experience in England, the degree apprenticeship, underlies the continued focus by policy in securing placement experiences for students without stipulating the type of support that is required at the âcoal faceâ of work based learning. Policy documents (UUK 2016), that urge universities to enter into partnership agreements with both employers and FE colleges to plug skills shortages, are noticeably lacking in their appreciation of the unique qualities of work based learning and how best to support students in this setting (Morley 2017a). Unfortunately, this is not unusual as placements have predominantly been an enriching âadd onâ to the real business of academic learning in more traditional university programmes. Support initiatives, such as that described in chapter 9, are a rare appreciation of the importance of this role. Undergraduate nursing programmes currently support a 50:50 split between practice learning in clinical placements and the theory delivered at universities. Vocational degrees, such as this, provide an interesting case study as to how students can be supported in the practice environment by an appreciation of how students really learn on placement and how hidden resources can be utilised more explicitly for practice learning. During 2013 â 2015 a professional doctorate research study (Morley 2015) conducted a grounded theory study of 21 first year student nurses on their first placement to discover how they learnt âat workâ and the strategies they enlisted to be successful work based learners
Transplantation of canine olfactory ensheathing cells producing chondroitinase ABC promotes chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan digestion and axonal sprouting following spinal cord injury
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI), as has been demonstrated in experimental SCI models and naturally occurring SCI in dogs. However, the presence of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix of the glial scar can inhibit efficient axonal repair and limit the therapeutic potential of OECs. Here we have used lentiviral vectors to genetically modify canine OECs to continuously deliver mammalian chondroitinase ABC at the lesion site in order to degrade the inhibitory chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in a rodent model of spinal cord injury. We demonstrate that these chondroitinase producing canine OECs survived at 4 weeks following transplantation into the spinal cord lesion and effectively digested chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans at the site of injury. There was evidence of sprouting within the corticospinal tract rostral to the lesion and an increase in the number of corticospinal axons caudal to the lesion, suggestive of axonal regeneration. Our results indicate that delivery of the chondroitinase enzyme can be achieved with the genetically modified OECs to increase axon growth following SCI. The combination of these two promising approaches is a potential strategy for promoting neural regeneration following SCI in veterinary practice and human patients
Muddled Boundaries of Digital Shrines
International audienceBased on an online ethnography study of 274 YouTube videos posted during the Virginia Tech or the Newtown massacres, this article discusses how users resort to participatory media during such mediatized events to create a digital spontaneous shrine. The assemblage of this sanctuary on a website hosting billions of user-generated contents is made possible by means of folksonomy and website architecture, and a two-fold social dynamic based on participatory commitment and the institutionalization of a collective entity. Unlike âphysicalâ spontaneous shrines erected in public spaces, these digital shrines connect the bereaved with provocative or outrageous contributions, notably tributes from school shooting fans using participatory media to commemorate the killerâs memory. This side effect, generated by the technical properties of the platform, compromises the tranquility of the memorial and muddles the boundaries and the contents of such sanctuaries
- âŠ