Auditive Wissenskulturen: Wissen, Macht und die Welt der Klänge

In der Einleitung zum Sammelband Auditive Wissenskulturen – Das Wissen klanglicher Praxis stellen die Autoren zuerst die Diskrepanzen der jeweiligen Beziehungen des Visuellen und des Auditiven zu Wissen anhand einiger Beispiele vor. Sie exemplifzieren auch, wie sowohl auditive Praxis als auch die Hervorbringung und Vermittlung von Wissen in soziale Prozesse eingebunden sind und damit einhergehend mit Machtverhältnissen in Verbindung stehen. Die Erforschung von Klang durch Sound Studies und anthropologische Studien werden genauer behandelt, ebenso Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den Herangehensweisen an Klänge seitens der Wissenschafen und der Künste. Schließlich schlagen sie vor, den Begrif der Wissenskulturen als Forschungsstrategie zum Verstehen von auditivem Wissen zu benutzen, um explizites und implizites Wissen, wissenschafliche und künstlerische, sowie klangproduzierende Prozesse und Hörverständnis gleichermaßen innerhalb sozialer und kollektiver Felder beschreib- und analysierbar zu machen. Diese Forschungsstrategie wird anhand einer Übersicht über die Beiträge im vorliegenden Band im Detail vorgestellt

Shipibo Laughing Songs and the Transformative Faculty: Performing or Becoming the Other (2013)

Shipibo indigenous people perform a sophisticated array of vocal musical genres, including short ‘laughing songs’ called osanti. These song-jokes make fun of certain non-humans, mostly animals. They are by definition sung from within the non-humans’ perspective. Osanti are only performed by trained specialists in indigenous medicine and sorcery (médicos), because it is crucial that the performer owns the faculty of transforming into the animal in question, although in osanti the singers do not transform. Songs involving actual transformation are not meant for laughing: these are magical songs including interaction with and transformation into animals or spirits that possess a more ample radius of perception and action than ‘Real Human’ beings. Osanti songs, with their position between secular and magical songs, allow for an analysis of humour and laughing in the construction of the indigenous ontology, thereby questioning some generalisations made in theories of animism and perspectivism

Uma análise multi-perspectiva de dados videográficos sobre a performance de possessão espiritual no Vodu Dominicano

O artigo trata da possessão espiritual durante celebrações públicas de Vodu no sudoeste da República Dominicana. Por meio da análise de materiais videográficos arquivados no Phonogrammarchiv da Academia Austríaca de Ciências, as características do Vodu Dominicano são descritas a partir de três perspectivas interconectadas, com ênfase especial na representação do divino. Entre essas perspectivas estão o ponto de vista da pesquisadora, uma antropóloga médica, bem como as interpretações de um especialista local na performance desse gênero e as percepções e associações de um musicólogo que trabalha no Phonogrammarchiv da Academia Austríaca de Ciências, preparando a coleção para depósito e eventual acesso ao arquivo pelos clientes. Com base nessas múltiplas perspectivas, o artigo apresenta uma descrição detalhada da possessão espiritual, incluindo uma perspectiva mais ampla que faz referência a questões teóricas de diferentes áreas culturais e disciplinas de pesquisa, e finalmente explora o que constitui uma performance de possessão bem sucedida

Fast and robust detection of solar modules in electroluminescence images

Fast, non-destructive and on-site quality control tools, mainly high sensitive imaging techniques, are important to assess the reliability of photovoltaic plants. To minimize the risk of further damages and electrical yield losses, electroluminescence (EL) imaging is used to detect local defects in an early stage, which might cause future electric losses. For an automated defect recognition on EL measurements, a robust detection and rectification of modules, as well as an optional segmentation into cells is required. This paper introduces a method to detect solar modules and crossing points between solar cells in EL images. We only require 1-D image statistics for the detection, resulting in an approach that is computationally efficient. In addition, the method is able to detect the modules under perspective distortion and in scenarios, where multiple modules are visible in the image. We compare our method to the state of the art and show that it is superior in presence of perspective distortion while the performance on images, where the module is roughly coplanar to the detector, is similar to the reference method. Finally, we show that we greatly improve in terms of computational time in comparison to the reference method

Interface Molecular engineering for laminated monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with 80.4% fill factor

A multipurpose interconnection layer based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and d‐sorbitol for monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is introduced. The interconnection of independently processed silicon and perovskite subcells is a simple add‐on lamination step, alleviating common fabrication complexities of tandem devices. It is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that PEDOT:PSS is an ideal building block for manipulating the mechanical and electrical functionality of the charge recombination layer by controlling the microstructure on the nano‐ and mesoscale. It is elucidated that the optimal functionality of the recombination layer relies on a gradient in the d‐sorbitol dopant distribution that modulates the orientation of PEDOT across the PEDOT:PSS film. Using this modified PEDOT:PSS composite, a monolithic two‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with a steady‐state efficiency of 21.0%, a fill factor of 80.4%, and negligible open circuit voltage losses compared to single‐junction devices is shown. The versatility of this approach is further validated by presenting a laminated two‐terminal monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell with 11.7% power conversion efficiency. It is envisioned that this lamination concept can be applied for the pairing of multiple photovoltaic and other thin film technologies, creating a universal platform that facilitates mass production of tandem devices with high efficiency