28 research outputs found

    Studien- und Lebenssituation von Medizinstudierenden an der UniversitÀt Freiburg

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    Um zu untersuchen, wie die Studierenden mit dem Medizinstudium zurecht- kommen, wurden an der UniversitĂ€t Freiburg Medizinstudierende zu ihrer Studien- und Lebenssituation und anschließend zu ihrer EinschĂ€tzung der elektronischen Lehre an der FakultĂ€t befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Medizinstudium mit einem Studienaufwand einhergeht, der deutlich ĂŒber dem anderer FĂ€cher liegt. Weitere aufwendige außeruniversitĂ€re Verpflichtungen bestehen in der ErwerbstĂ€tigkeit oder ehrenamtlichem Engagement. Um die zeitliche Belastung zu verringern und das Studium mit anderweitigen Verpflichtungen besser vereinbaren zu können, wĂŒnschen sich die Studierenden vor allem eine Flexibilisierung des Studiums. Der gezielte Einsatz von E-Learning-Angeboten als ErgĂ€nzung zur herkömmlichen PrĂ€senzlehre soll die Möglichkeiten fĂŒr das Selbststudium qualitativ verbessern und eine Flexibilisierung des Studiums unterstĂŒtzen. 10.08.2011 | Peter BrĂŒstle, Silke Biller & Marianne Giesler (Freiburg

    Promotion of family-friendliness at the Medical Faculty of Freiburg – Taking Stock of Study Participation

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    The survey on family-friendly study organisation in medical schools conducted by the University Hospital in Ulm has identified a need for improvement in various respects in Freiburg. Due to the specific structure of medical school and the high amount of mandatory lectures, students with children face serious problems in balancing family life and their studies at the same time. On the other hand, the freer, modular structure of the clinical curriculum in Freiburg has been mainly rated as positive by the interviewees. In order to improve the situation of students with children, the interviewees favour a more flexible curriculum in general as well as an increase in information and advice services offered by the faculty

    VeralltÀglichung und Degendering von E-Learning: Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts "Das aufwÀndige Geschlecht"

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    "Der Bericht beschreibt die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des von der DFG geförderten Forschungsprojekts „Das aufwĂ€ndige Geschlecht“. Ausgehend von der Theorie ĂŒber die Ko-Konstruktion von Technik & Geschlecht wurden im Rahmen des Projekts die Möglichkeiten untersucht, durch die Nutzung von E-Learning an Hochschulen das Geschlecht zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Einige Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass E-Learning in seiner tĂ€glichen Nutzung von den Studierenden nicht mehr als Technologie angesehen wird und diese Technologie folglich in ihrer AlltĂ€glichkeit nicht mehr dazu genutzt wird, das Geschlecht zu performieren. DarĂŒber hinaus zeigt sich, dass durch E-Learning die Möglichkeit unterstĂŒtzt wird, das ‚Studium zu konsumieren‘. Lernunterlagen werden immer mehr und sollen beispielsweise immer mehr ĂŒber die unterschiedlichsten Lehrplattformen digital zur VerfĂŒgung gestellt werden. Dies laut den Studierenden einerseits so umfassend wie nötig, aber auch so konzentriert wie möglich, sodass fĂŒr die Studierenden selber keine weitere Recherche- und Lesearbeiten mehr notwendig werden." (Autorenreferat)"The report describes key results of the research project ‘Das aufwĂ€ndige Geschlecht’ (‘The Arduous Gender’), which was funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). Based on the theory of the co-construction of gender and technology the project analysed whether it is possible to perform one’s gender by using e-learning in higher education. The results of the project show that students no longer regard e-learning in everyday use as technology. Thus, students do not use this technology in their daily routine to perform their gender. Furthermore, the results show that e-learning supports the attitude that we call ‘studying as consumption’. More and more learning materials are being digitised and students prefer to get all these materials via e-learning services, without having to put any effort into fi nding other scientifi c materials themselves and reading other (not digitised) materials." (author's abstract

    Normierung der Testbatterie COGBAT bei Jugendlichen im Alter von 12 bis 15 Jahren

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    Das Jugendalter stellt eine wichtige Phase in der Entwicklung der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, der Aufmerksamkeit, des GedĂ€chtnisses und der exekutiven Funktionen dar. Im Rahmen einer Normierungsstudie der kognitiven Basistestung (COGBAT) fĂŒr das Jugendalter wurden Testwerte bei n = 269 Jugendlichen im Alter von 12 bis 15 Jahren erhoben und mit den Normen der Altersgruppe der 16- bis 30-JĂ€hrigen verglichen. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde ĂŒberprĂŒft, inwiefern sich diese Testergebnisse in der subjektiven EinschĂ€tzung zur LeistungsfĂ€higkeit (FLei) und Psychopathologie (SDQ) abbilden lassen. Im Jugendalter zeigte sich ein starker Zuwachs in der kognitiven FlexibilitĂ€t, der Verarbeitungs- und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Inhibitions- und PlanungsfĂ€higkeit. Ein bedeutsamer Geschlechtsunterschied fand sich in der Inhibition, mit stĂ€rkeren Leistungen bei MĂ€dchen als bei Jungen. Zwischen den Testergebnissen und den subjektiven EinschĂ€tzungen zeigten sich keine ZusammenhĂ€nge

    Cancer Genes Hypermethylated in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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    Developmental genes are silenced in embryonic stem cells by a bivalent histone-based chromatin mark. It has been proposed that this mark also confers a predisposition to aberrant DNA promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancer. We report here that silencing of a significant proportion of these TSGs in human embryonic and adult stem cells is associated with promoter DNA hypermethylation. Our results indicate a role for DNA methylation in the control of gene expression in human stem cells and suggest that, for genes repressed by promoter hypermethylation in stem cells in vivo, the aberrant process in cancer could be understood as a defect in establishing an unmethylated promoter during differentiation, rather than as an anomalous process of de novo hypermethylation

    The Final Oral/Practical State Examination at Freiburg Medical Faculty in 2012 – Analysis of grading to test quality assurance

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    Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the grades given for the oral/practical part of the German State Examination at the Medical Faculty of Freiburg. We examined whether or not the grades given for the written and the oral/practical examinations correlated and if differences in grading between the Freiburg University Medical Center (UMC) and the other teaching hospitals could be found.In order to improve the quality of the state examination, the medical school has been offering standardized training for examiners for several years. We evaluated whether or not trained and untrained examiners differed in their grading of the exam and how these differences have changed over time.Methods: The results of the 2012 spring and fall exams were analyzed (N=315). The relevant data set was made available to us by the Baden-WĂŒrttemberg Examination Office (). The data were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: We observed a correlation of ρ=0.460** between the grades for the written and the oral/practical exams. The UMC and the teaching hospitals did not differ significantly in their grade distributions. Compared to untrained examiners, trained ones assigned the grade of “very good” less often. Furthermore, they displayed a significantly higher variance in the grades given (p=0.007, phi=0.165). This effect is stronger when concentrating specifically on those examiners who took part in the training less than a year before.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the standardized training for examiners at the Medical Faculty of Freiburg is effective for quality assurance. As a consequence, more examiners should be motivated to take part in the training

    E-Learning und Geschlechterdifferenzen? Zwischen SelbsteinschÀtzung, Nutzungsnötigung und Diskurs

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    Der Beitrag behandelt das Zusammenspiel von geschlechtlichen IdentitĂ€tskonstruktionen und E-Learning-Nutzung. Geschlecht steht regelmĂ€ĂŸig im Fokus von Untersuchungen zur Techniknutzung. Diese haben allerdings in der Regel zum Ziel, mit quantitativen Datenerhebungen Geschlechterunterschiede zu identifizieren und nebeneinander zu stellen. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Ansatz, das Thema auch qualitativ zu untersuchen, sowie erste Ergebnisse. Zentraler Ansatzpunkt ist die SelbsteinschĂ€tzung von E-Learning-bezogenen Kompetenzen. Drei Fragestellungen stehen im Zentrum des Forschungsvorhabens: 1. UnterstĂŒtzen die Struktur und die Handhabung von E-Learning-Settings Geschlechterkonstruktionen – v.a. auch Selbstzuschreibungen – der Studierenden, die sie nutzen? Wenn ja (2), auf welche Weise? 3. Welche geschlechtlichen Differenzierungen werden so produziert und wirksam? (DIPF/ Orig.

    Effects of additional team-based learning on students’ clinical reasoning skills: a pilot study

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    Abstract Background In the field of Neurology good clinical reasoning skills are essential for successful diagnosing and treatment. Team-based learning (TBL), an active learning and small group instructional strategy, is a promising method for fostering these skills. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a supplementary TBL-class on students’ clinical decision-making skills. Methods Fourth- and fifth-year medical students participated in this pilot study (static-group comparison design). The non-treatment group (n = 15) did not receive any additional training beyond regular teaching in the neurology course. The treatment group (n = 11) took part in a supplementary TBL-class optimized for teaching clinical reasoning in addition to the regular teaching in the neurology course. Clinical decision making skills were assessed using a key-feature problem examination. Factual and conceptual knowledge was assessed by a multiple-choice question examination. Results The TBL-group performed significantly better than the non-TBL-group (p = 0.026) in the key-feature problem examination. No significant differences between the results of the multiple-choice question examination of both groups were found. Conclusions In this pilot study participants of a supplementary TBL-class significantly improved clinical decision-making skills, indicating that TBL may be an appropriate method for teaching clinical decision making in neurology. Further research is needed for replication in larger groups and other clinical fields

    MicroRNA-based promotion of human neuronal differentiation and subtype specification.

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    MicroRNAs are key regulators of neural cell proliferation, differentiation and fate choice. Due to the limited access to human primary neural tissue, the role of microRNAs in human neuronal differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we use a population of long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial-like stem cells (lt-NES cells) derived from human embryonic stem cells to study the expression and function of microRNAs at early stages of human neural stem cell differentiation and neuronal lineage decision. Based on microRNA expression profiling followed by gain- and loss-of-function analyses in lt-NES cells and their neuronal progeny, we demonstrate that miR-153, miR-324-5p/3p and miR-181a/a contribute to the shift of lt-NES cells from self-renewal to neuronal differentiation. We further show that miR-125b and miR-181a specifically promote the generation of neurons of dopaminergic fate, whereas miR-181a inhibits the development of this neurotransmitter subtype. Our data demonstrate that time-controlled modulation of specific microRNA activities not only regulates human neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation but also contributes to the development of defined neuronal subtypes
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