Nutritional composition and fermentative characteristics of Massai grass silage added with licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake

This study evaluated the best level of inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronata) in massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) silage by chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of Federal University of Bahia. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added at levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg DM-1 of licuri cake. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 76 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of licuri cake improve linear increase (P < 0.01) in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, pH, NH3-N, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index in massai grass silage There was a linear reduction in the contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01). There were no differences on contents non-fibrous carbohydrates (P = 0.356) and acid detergent lignin (P = 0.432). It is recommended the inclusion of licuri cake at level of 240 g kg DM-1 in massai silage, because provided the greatest chemical composition, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index

Palm kernel cake from biodiesel production on Massai grass ensilage Torta de dendê oriunda da produção do biodiesel na ensilagem de capim-massai

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the best level of inclusion of palm kernel cake in massai grass silage by chemical-bromatological, fermentation index and forage value of the silage analysis. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootec. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added to 8%, 16% and 24% of palm kernel cake and the cake without additional treatment. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 60 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of palm kernel cake improve the chemical-bromatological and fermentation index of massai grass silage, beyond increase the forage value of silage. The best level of inclusion of palm kernel cake was 24%, for provided the biggest content of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract, beyond provided the lower content of fibrous fractions and reduction of the values of pH and ammoniacal nitrogen.O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão da torta de dendê na ensilagem de capim-Massai com base nos parâmetros químico-bromatológicos, fermentativos e índice de valor forrageiro. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Os tratamentos foram compostos por capim-Massai cortado aos 40 dias, picado e acrescido de 8%; 16%; e 24% de torta de dendê com base na matéria natural, além do tratamento sem torta adicional. Após a mistura, o material foi compactado em silos experimentais, que foram abertos após 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância e regressão. A adição da torta de dendê melhorou os padrões químico-bromatológicos e fermentativos da silagem de capim-Massai, bem como aumentou o índice de valor forrageiro desta. O melhor nível de inclusão da torta de dendê foi o de 24%, uma vez que propiciou os maiores teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo, bem como os menores teores da fração fibrosa e redução nos valores de pH e nitrogênio amoniacal

Política fiscal, sustentabilidade da dívida pública e liquidez dos títulos: uma análise para o Brasil

Este artigo trata do esforço fiscal adotado desde 1999 no Brasil, e da importância de um mercado de títulos públicos de liquidez elevada para que o esforço fiscal seja aliviado. É aplicado um modelo baseado em Edwards (2003) para projetar o resultado fiscal primário, levando em consideração diferentes cenários de demanda por títulos, taxa de crescimento real do PIB, meta de inflação, remuneração dos títulos públicos e choques na taxa de câmbio. Com isso, avaliou-se o impacto de alterações na procura pelos títulos públicos sobre o esforço fiscal necessário para estabilizar a proporção dívida/PIB. Os resultados indicam que as alterações na demanda por títulos alteram a sensibilidade do esforço fiscal a alterações na taxa de crescimento do PIB e a mudanças na taxa de câmbio, enquanto as demais variáveis influenciam o esforço fiscal com sensibilidade constante.<br>This article evaluates such a fiscal effort and in particular the role played by the liquidity of the public debt bonds market to alleviate the effort. A model based on Edwards (2003) is applied to forecast the primary fiscal surplus in alternative scenarios of demand for the public debt bonds, real GDP growth, inflation target, real interest rate and changes in exchange rate. We focus on the impact of the changes in demand for the public debt bonds on the fiscal effort necessary to stabilize the debt-GDP ratio. Results show that such changes alter the response of the fiscal effort to GDP growth and changes in exchange rate. Although the other variables considered can affect the fiscal effort their response to GDP growth is constant

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data