Complex research of acoustic impact on gas-dust flow in vortex-acoustic dispenser

Introduction The processing of wastes from mining operations is usually related to the needs of related industries in raw materials. The results of numerous studies on the complex processing of various man-made materials have confirmed the feasibility of their use to ensure resource-saving and obtain new types of products [1-3]. One of the most promising areas of industrial waste utilization is their integrated use in the production of building materials, which allows to meet the demand for raw materials up to 40% for this most important industry. The use of industrial waste allows to reduce costs for the manufacture of building materials 10-30% in comparison with their production from natural raw materials. The saving of capital investments makes 35-50% in this case [4-5]. In modern technology of building materials production, fine powders are one of the fundamental components that significantly affect the quality of finished products [6]. The fineness of material grinding is important for the intensification of various technological processes. However, the obtaining of a highly dispersed product is difficult due to increased energy consumption for material grinding, as well as their abrasiveness at an intensive abrasion, which causes a high wear of grinding bodies and other parts of a grinding unit. This leads to the increase of the grinding process cost, as well as to the obtaining of a poor-quality, contaminated product [7,8]. According to the data [9-10], the energy costs for the grinding of various materials reach 20% of the total energy consumption for production. The most promising method for fine and ultrafine grinding of various materials used in lowtonnage and innovative technologies is the jet method of grinding [11-12]

СТАН СУДИННОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗУ У ЖІНОК З НЕПЛІДДЯМ ПІСЛЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ.

The aim of the study – to establish the role of vascular disorders of regulation in the event of perinatal complications in pregnant women at high risk.Materials and Methods. The study involved 50 pregnant women after assisted reproductive technologies with infertility hormonal origin (study group), 50 pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology because of tubal-peritoneal factor infertility (group) and 50 somatically healthy women with non-simulate pregnancy (control group) in the period of gestation 14–16 weeks. The level of homocysteine was determined by enzyme cyclic reaction, using a set Diasyis (Germany) using the analyzer Respons 920 (Germany) of manufacturer. Content L "arginine levels determined using photometric method, which is based on the reaction of L" with hipobromidnym naphthol reagent. For the quantitative determination of human placental growth factor (PLGF) in samples of blood plasma we used immunochemical method with electrochemiluminescent detection (ECLIA).Results and Discussion. To determine the role of violations of the regulation of vascular homeostasis in the event of pregnancy complications in the study group 2 groups were allocated: group 1 – 9 women with essential obstetric and perinatal disorders (miscarriages and died of pregnancy, preeclampsia severe, decompensated fetal distress), group 2 – 31 women without such disorders. It was established that pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology programs held from particularly severe complications in women with infertility of hormonal origin, where early pregnancy placenta formation and development took place in conditions of endothelial dysfunction, negative impact homocysteine, disorders of angiogenesis processes.Consequently, these factors may be early prognostic markers of severe obstetric and perinatal disorders in pregnancy induced infertility in women of various origins.Conclusions. In terms of homeostatic imbalance in this category of women abuse endothelium and vascular regulation factors underlying the pathogenesis of reproductive, obstetric and perinatal complications, which is the theoretical precondition for the development of complex pathogenesis reasonable prevention and treatment aimed at correcting violations.Цель иследования – установить роль нарушений сосудистой регуляции в возникновении перинатальных осложнений у беременных высокого риска.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 50 беременных женщин после вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий с бесплодием гормонального генеза (основная группа), 50 беременных женщин после вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий в результате трубно-перитонеального фактора бесплодия (группа сравнения) и 50 соматически здоровых женщин с неиндуцированной беременностью (контрольная группа) в сроке гестации 14–16 недель. Уровень гомоцистеина определено методом ферментативной циклической реакции, с помощью набора Diasyis (Германия) с использованием анализатора Respons 920 (Германия) по методике производителя. Содержание L-аргинина в крови определено с помощью фотометрического метода, в основу которого положено реакцию L-нафтола с гипобромидным реактивом. Для количественного определения плацентарного фактора роста человека (PLGF) в образцах плазмы крови использовано иммунохимический метод с электрохемилюминесцентной детекцией (ECLIA). Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Для определения роли нарушений регуляции сосудистого гомеостаза в возникновении осложнений беременности в основной группе выделено 2 подгруппы: 1-я – 9 женщин с существенными акушерскими и перинатальными нарушениями (выкидыши и замершие беременности, преэклампсия тяжелой степени, декомпенсированный дистресс плода), 2-я – 31 женщина без таких нарушений. Установлено, что беременность после программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий проходила с особо тяжелыми осложнениями у тех женщин с бесплодием гормонального генеза, в которых уже в начале беременности формирование и развитие плаценты происходили в условиях эндотелиальной дисфункции: негативного воздействия гомоцистеина, нарушений процессов ангиогенеза.Итак, эти факторы могут быть ранними прогностическими маркерами тяжелых акушерских и перинатальных нарушений при индуцированной беременности у женщин с бесплодием различного генеза.Вывод. В условиях гомеостатического дисбаланса в данной категории женщин нарушение эндотелия и факторов сосудистой регуляции лежат в основе патогенеза репродуктивных, акушерских и перинатальных осложнений, является теоретической предпосылкой для разработки патогенетически обоснованного комплекса профилактики и лечения, направленного на коррекцию выявленных нарушений.Мета – встановити роль порушень судинної регуляції у виникненні перинатальних ускладнень у вагітних високого ризику.Методи дослідження. Обстежено 50 вагітних жінок після допоміжних репродуктивних технологій із непліддям гормонального генезу (основна група), 50 вагітних жінок після допоміжних репродуктивних технологій внаслідок трубно-перитонеального фактору непліддя (група порівняння) і 50 соматично здорових жінок із неіндукованою вагітністю (контрольна група) у терміні гестації 14–16 тижнів. Рівень гомоцистеїну визначено методом ферментативної циклічної реакції, за допомогою набору Diasyis (Німеччина) з використанням аналізатора Respons 920 (Німеччина) за методикою виробника. Вміст L"аргініну в крові визначено за допомогою фотометричного методу, в основу якого покладено реакцію L"нафтола з гіпобромідним реактивом. Для кількісного визначення плацентарного фактора росту людини (PLGF) в зразках плазми крові використано імунохімічний метод з електрохемілюмінесцентною детекцією (ECLIA).Результати. Для визначення ролі порушень регуляції судинного гомеостазу у виникненні ускладнень вагітності в основній групі виділено 2 підгрупи: 1"ша – 9 жінок із суттєвими акушерськими й перинатальними порушеннями (викидні та завмерлі вагітності, прееклампсія тяжкого ступеня, декомпенсований дистрес плода), 2"га – 31 жінка без таких порушень. Встановлено, що вагітність після програм допоміжних репродуктивних технологій проходила з особливо тяжкими ускладненнями в тих жінок із непліддям гормонального генезу, в яких вже на початку вагітності формування і розвиток плаценти відбувались в умовах ендотеліальної дисфункції: негативної дії гомоцистеїну, порушень процесів ангіогенезу.Отже, ці фактори можуть бути ранніми прогностичними маркерами тяжких акушерських і перинатальних порушень при індукованій вагітності в жінок із непліддям різного генезу.                          Висновки. В умовах гомеостатичного дисбалансу в даної категорії жінок порушення ендотелію та факторів судинної регуляції лежать в основі патогенезу репродуктивних, акушерських і перинатальних ускладнень, що є теоретичною передумовою для розробки патогенетично обґрунтованого комплексу профілактики й лікування, спрямованого на корекцію виявлених порушень.

LOCAL DRUG TREATMENT OF GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

The disease of periodontal tissues occupies first place in the structure of dental diseases that can be detected during pregnancy. More profound changes in the homeostasis of the oral cavity occur when abnormal pregnancy. One of the most common diseases that complicate pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia. IDA – a clinical and hematological syndrome characterized by a decrease in the amount of iron in the body (blood, bone marrow and depot), which disrupted the synthesis of heme and proteins that contain iron (myoglobin, iron-tissue enzymes). The aim of the study. Periodontology is an urgent need to develop a local drug treatment of generalized periodontitis in pregnant women against the backdrop of iron deficiency anemia. Materials and Methods. The effectiveness of the proposed local health-care complex was performed using index evaluation of perio-dentistry status in 32 pregnant women, patients with generalized periodontitis against the background of iron deficiency anemia. We studied the dynamics of changes in clinical indicators of periodontal tissues, namely the health index Green Vermilyona index for bleeding Muhlemann, depth of paradontium pockets, index Ramfyorda. Results and Discussion. It was established efficacy of topically to rinse the mouth with antiseptic solution based on octenidine dihydrochloride and 2-phenoxyethanol "Oktenisept" for applications – gel based on hyaluronic acid 0.2 % "Henhihel". Conclusions. Using the proposed method of local treatment of generalized parodontium allows a stabilization of process and providing a long-term remission

ВНУТРІШНЬОПЕЧІНКОВИЙ ХОЛЕСТАЗ ВАГІТНИХ ПІСЛЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: КЛІНІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ

80 pregnant women were examined after assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs: 40 women with manifestations of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women (IHP) - the main group and 40 women without manifestations of IHP (comparison group).In the majority (62.5%) of patients after ART, the diagnosis of IHP established after 30 weeks of pregnancy. Some patients (27.5%) reported short-term episodes of IHP up to 24 weeks of gestation. In 17.5% of women, IHP had a severe course. Almost a third (27.5%) of women are over 35 years old. Women with IHP have a significantly higher frequency of allergies in the anamnesis (35.0%), liver pathology (20.0%) and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (25.0%). In one third of women, IHP developed repeatedly, 42.5% of the main patients indicated a family history burdened with IHP. Almost a third of women (27.5% vs. 12.5%, p<0.05) had a history of polycystic ovary syndrome.The current pregnancy characterized by a high frequency of complications. A quarter of patients (25.0%) had early preeclampsia. In the second half of pregnancy, the threat of preterm birth noted in most women during the manifestation of IHP (60.0%). The incidence of fetal distress in women with IHP was almost 2 times higher than in patients without this complication (47.5% vs. 25.0%, respectively, p <0.05). The frequency of preeclampsia is also higher (40.0%).The vast majority of women in the main group were born by cesarean section (70.0%). Almost half of patients with IHP were premature (45.0%). A third of women (35.0%) had fetal distress in childbirth. In 27.5%, childbirth complicated by bleeding of more than 5% of body weight. The postpartum period was characterized by a 4-fold increase in the frequency of late bleeding (20.0% vs. 5.0%, p <0.05).One case of antenatal mortality noted in pregnant women after ART with IHP. Almost half of the children were born with asphyxia of varying severity (48.7%), with 10.3% diagnosed with severe asphyxia. One third of children were born with a body weight below 2500 g (30.8%). In 74.4% of newborns from mothers of the main group, various disorders of the period of early neonatal adaptation were noted, among which the most prominent were: RDS (35.9%), jaundice (43.6%) and gastrointestinal syndrome (30.8%). The 2-fold increased incidence of hemorrhagic syndrome (17.9%) is noteworthy.80 pregnant women were examined after assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs: 40 women with manifestations of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women (IHP) - the main group and 40 women without manifestations of IHP (comparison group).In the majority (62.5%) of patients after ART, the diagnosis of IHP established after 30 weeks of pregnancy. Some patients (27.5%) reported short-term episodes of IHP up to 24 weeks of gestation. In 17.5% of women, IHP had a severe course. Almost a third (27.5%) of women are over 35 years old. Women with IHP have a significantly higher frequency of allergies in the anamnesis (35.0%), liver pathology (20.0%) and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (25.0%). In one third of women, IHP developed repeatedly, 42.5% of the main patients indicated a family history burdened with IHP. Almost a third of women (27.5% vs. 12.5%, p<0.05) had a history of polycystic ovary syndrome.The current pregnancy characterized by a high frequency of complications. A quarter of patients (25.0%) had early preeclampsia. In the second half of pregnancy, the threat of preterm birth noted in most women during the manifestation of IHP (60.0%). The incidence of fetal distress in women with IHP was almost 2 times higher than in patients without this complication (47.5% vs. 25.0%, respectively, p <0.05). The frequency of preeclampsia is also higher (40.0%).The vast majority of women in the main group were born by cesarean section (70.0%). Almost half of patients with IHP were premature (45.0%). A third of women (35.0%) had fetal distress in childbirth. In 27.5%, childbirth complicated by bleeding of more than 5% of body weight. The postpartum period was characterized by a 4-fold increase in the frequency of late bleeding (20.0% vs. 5.0%, p <0.05).One case of antenatal mortality noted in pregnant women after ART with IHP. Almost half of the children were born with asphyxia of varying severity (48.7%), with 10.3% diagnosed with severe asphyxia. One third of children were born with a body weight below 2500 g (30.8%). In 74.4% of newborns from mothers of the main group, various disorders of the period of early neonatal adaptation were noted, among which the most prominent were: RDS (35.9%), jaundice (43.6%) and gastrointestinal syndrome (30.8%). The 2-fold increased incidence of hemorrhagic syndrome (17.9%) is noteworthy

Prothrombotic states as risk factor of in vitro fertilization failures in women with infertility and psychosomatic disorders.

Failures of in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be associated with prothrombotic states, the circulation of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). 93 women with infertility were screened: 1 group - 32 women without severe psychosomatic disorders; 2 group - 61 women with psychosomatic disorders. The control group consisted of 30 fertile women. The level of AFA to membrane phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipinum), antibodies to β2-glycoprotein (β2-GPI), hemostasis (platelet count, ADP-induced platelet aggregation index, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin index, activated partial thromboplastin time - APTT, test for soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes, D-dimer), homocysteine in the blood serum was defined. The frequency of significant AFA titres in the group of women without psychosomatic disorders was 18.9%, and if they were present - 44.3%, the rate of β2-GPI 9.6% versus 24.5%, respectively. Only in 11.5% of women in 2 groups, elevated levels of APA were associated with β2-GPI and/or one or more clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In patients with infertility and psychosomatic disorders, increased platelet aggregation in the context of relative thrombocytopenia, higher fibrinogen levels, soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes, and prolonged APTT with elevated D-dimer levels was revealed. Some patients have hyperhomocysteinemia. Factors that adversely affect the efficiency of IVF in the patients with psychosomatic disorders were noted: elevation of APA; reduction in the number of platelets; growth of the ADP-induced aggregation index; extension of APTT; increase of fibrinogen, D-dimer; homocysteine. The presence of prothrombotic states associated with APS should be taken into account when preparing for IVF and perform their appropriate correction

Prothrombotic states as risk factor of in vitro fertilization failures in women with infertility and psychosomatic disorders.

Failures of in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be associated with prothrombotic states, the circulation of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA). 93 women with infertility were screened: 1 group - 32 women without severe psychosomatic disorders; 2 group - 61 women with psychosomatic disorders. The control group consisted of 30 fertile women. The level of AFA to membrane phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipinum), antibodies to β2-glycoprotein (β2-GPI), hemostasis (platelet count, ADP-induced platelet aggregation index, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin index, activated partial thromboplastin time - APTT, test for soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes, D-dimer), homocysteine in the blood serum was defined. The frequency of significant AFA titres in the group of women without psychosomatic disorders was 18.9%, and if they were present - 44.3%, the rate of β2-GPI 9.6% versus 24.5%, respectively. Only in 11.5% of women in 2 groups, elevated levels of APA were associated with β2-GPI and/or one or more clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In patients with infertility and psychosomatic disorders, increased platelet aggregation in the context of relative thrombocytopenia, higher fibrinogen levels, soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes, and prolonged APTT with elevated D-dimer levels was revealed. Some patients have hyperhomocysteinemia. Factors that adversely affect the efficiency of IVF in the patients with psychosomatic disorders were noted: elevation of APA; reduction in the number of platelets; growth of the ADP-induced aggregation index; extension of APTT; increase of fibrinogen, D-dimer; homocysteine. The presence of prothrombotic states associated with APS should be taken into account when preparing for IVF and perform their appropriate correction

Comparison of multi-objective optimization methodologies for engineering applications

Computational models describing the behavior of complex physical systems are often used in the engineering design field to identify better or optimal solutions with respect to previously defined performance criteria. Multi-objective optimization problems arise and the set of optimal compromise solutions (Pareto front) has to be identified by an effective and complete search procedure in order to let the decision maker, the designer, to carry out the best choice. Four multi-objective optimization techniques are analyzed by describing their formulation, advantages and disadvantages. The effectiveness of the selected techniques for engineering design purposes is verified by comparing the results obtained by solving a few benchmarks and a real structural engineering problem concerning an engine bracket of a ca

Common mechanisms of placental dysfunction in preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and COVID-19 in pregnant women

COVID-19 infection, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy cause similar changes in the placenta and influence development of the fetus between conception and birth in gestation. Proper uterine and placental vascularization is essential for normal fetal development. The transplacental exchange is regulated and maintained by the placental endothelium. During placental implantation, the trophoblast differentiates into two distinct layers, the inner cytotrophoblast and outer syncytiotrophoblast, which are key elements of the human placental barrier. Proinflammatory cytokines exacerbate ischemic events and create an upward spiral of an inflammatory reaction in the placenta. Placental pathology in gestational COVID-19 shows desquamation and damage of trophoblast and chronic histiocytic intervillositis. Similar lesions also occur in gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. The systemic inflammatory response of the mother, the increased inflammation in the placenta and cytokine production by placental trophoblasts should be monitored throughout pregnancy. Placental angiogenesis can be evaluated by serum vascular endothelial growth factor, Annexin A2, placental growth factor or sclerostin. Tissue damage can be assessed by measuring levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase. Blood flow can be monitored with three-dimensional Doppler and pathological changes can be documented with paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and electron microscope images as well as immunohistochemistry tests for vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, sclerostin and Annexin A2. The damage of maternal and fetal vascular perfusion (villitis and fibrin deposition) is a common mechanism of gestational diseases. The placenta lesions liberate anti-endothelial factors that lead to anti-angiogenic conditions and are the common mechanism of maternal placental vascular malperfusion in gestational diseases. Keywords: dysfunction, inflammation, pathology, placenta, pregnancy, vascularizatio

‘Trying to pin down jelly’ - exploring intuitive processes in quality assessment for meta-ethnography

Background: Studies that systematically search for and synthesise qualitative research are becoming more evident in health care, and they can make an important contribution to patient care. However, there is still no agreement as to whether, or how we should appraise studies for inclusion. We aimed to explore the intuitive processes that determined the ‘quality’ of qualitative research for inclusion in qualitative research syntheses. We were particularly interested to explore the way that knowledge was constructed. Methods: We used qualitative methods to explore the process of quality appraisal within a team of seven qualitative researchers funded to undertake a meta-ethnography of chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain. Team discussions took place monthly between October 2010 and June 2012 and were recorded and transcribed. Data was coded and organised using constant comparative method. The development of our conceptual analysis was both iterative and collaborative. The strength of this team approach to quality came from open and honest discussion, where team members felt free to agree, disagree, or change their position within the safety of the group. Results: We suggest two core facets of quality for inclusion in meta-ethnography - (1) Conceptual clarity; how clearly has the author articulated a concept that facilitates theoretical insight. (2) Interpretive rigour; fundamentally, can the interpretation ‘be trusted?’ Our findings showed that three important categories help the reader to judge interpretive rigour: (ii) What is the context of the interpretation? (ii) How inductive is the interpretation? (iii) Has the researcher challenged their interpretation? Conclusions: We highlight that methods alone do not determine the quality of research for inclusion into a meta-ethnography. The strength of a concept and its capacity to facilitate theoretical insight is integral to meta-ethnography, and arguably to the quality of research. However, we suggest that to be judged ‘good enough’ there also needs to be some assurance that qualitative findings are more than simply anecdotal. Although our conceptual model was developed specifically for meta-ethnography, it may be transferable to other research methodologies