RESEARCH OF CHANGE IN FRACTION COMPOSITION OF VEHICLE GASOLINE IN THE MODIFICATION OF ITS BIODETHANOL IN THE CAVITATION FIELD

The influence of bioethanol content and parameters of the cavitation field on the quality indicators of motor gasolines: volatility and octane number is studied. Studying the effect of bioethanol and cavitation treatment of bioethanol-gasoline mixture will make it possible to produce automotive fuels for different climatic zones, or winter (summer) versions of gasolines. The use of bioethanol and cavitation treatment of a bioethanol-gasoline mixture affect the fractional composition of motor gasoline and its volatility. The optimal content of the biocomponent, at which there is an increase in the volatility of gasoline, is established Also the results of the octane number change are presented depending on the intensity of cavitation treatment for gas condensate with the addition of bioethanol. The influence of bioethanol content on the increase in octane number during cavitation treatment is determined. It is found that the introduction of bioethanol into the composition of gasoline leads to an improvement in its volatility. In this case, cavitation treatment makes it possible to obtain a mixture resistant to delamination. The addition of bioethanol leads to an adequate increase in light fractions during mechanical mixing and to a change in the fractional composition of the bioethanol-gasoline mixture during cavitation treatment. The addition of bioethanol in amounts up to 10% leads to a decrease in the saturated vapor pressure during cavitation treatment of bioethanol-gasoline mixtures, and an increase in the bioethanol content up to 20% leads to an increase in the saturated vapor pressure, which is explained by a change in the chemical composition of fuel components in comparison with the mechanical method of preparing mixtures. By cavitation treatment it is possible to change the fractional composition, the pressure of saturated vapors and the volatility of bioethanol-gasoline mixtures, making cavitation a promising energy-saving process for the production of gasoline for various climatic condition

Dependence of evaporation losses on petrol quality

The paper deals with the interrelation between evaporation losses and automobile petrol quality and presents the results of research on modern petrol. It has been established that evaporation leads to an increase in heavy hydrocarbon concentration in petrol composition adversely affecting its quality and operational properties at the excess of permissible concentration. First published online: 10 Feb 201

Magma Chambers and Meteoric Fluid Flows Beneath the Atka Volcanic Complex (Aleutian Islands) Inferred from Local Earthquake Tomography

Atka is a subduction-related volcanic island located in the central part of Aleutian Arc. The northeastern part of this island forms the Atka Volcanic Complex (AVC), which is built as a relict shield volcano of a circular shape overlain by several active and extinct volcanic vents of different ages. During the past few decades, two active volcanoes within AVC—Korovin and Kliuchef—demonstrated mostly phreatic eruptions and intensive fumarolic activity. We have created the first tomographic model of the crust beneath AVC with the use of data of eight permanent stations of the Alaskan Volcanological Observatory operated in the time period from 2004 to 2017 that included arrival times of the P and S waves from local seismicity. Based on a series of checkerboard tests, we have demonstrated fair vertical and horizontal resolution of the model down to ~6 km depth. Beneath the Korovin and Kliuchef volcanoes, we have revealed two isolated anomalies of high Vp/Vs with values exceeding 2, which represent separate magma chambers that are responsible for magmatic eruptions of these two volcanoes. In shallow layers down to 2–3 km deep, we observe an alternation of zones with low and high values of the Vp/Vs ratio, which are likely associated with the circulation of meteoric fluids in the uppermost crust. Moderately high Vp/Vs anomalies indicate zones of meteoric water penetration down to the ground. On the other hand, the very low values of Vp/Vs reaching 1.5 depict the areas where meteoric water reached the hot magma reservoir and transformed into steam. On the surface, these zones coincide with the distributions of fumaroles. The outflow of these steam currents from active vents of Korovin and Kliuchef led to episodic phreatic eruptions, sometimes synchronous

Стабілізація експлуатаційних властивостей мастил електростатичним полем

 The influence of imposed external electromagnetic and electrostatic fields is investigated based on operational properties of lubricating environments. The device for the improvement of lubricating materials operational properties is developed and principles of its work are described. Based on the experimental results and analysis of publications the increase of lubricating materials and tribotechnical systems resource enhancement by the means of electrostatic field is grounded. Исследовано влияние внешнего электромагнитного и электростатического полей на эксплуатационные свойства смазочных сред. Разработан прибор для повышения эксплуатационных свойств масел. Описаны принцип его действия. На основании приведенных экспериментальных результатов, анализа исследований и публикаций обосновано повышение ресурса масел электростатическим полем. Досліджено вплив зовнішнього електромагнітного і електростатичного полів на експлуатаційні властивості мастильних середовищ. Розроблено прилад для підвищення експлуатаційних властивостей мастил. Описано принцип його дії. На підставі приведених експериментальних результатів, аналізу досліджень і публікацій обґрунтовано підвищення ресурсу мастил електростатичним полем

Allowance for Sequence of Mass Concrete Dam Erection on Soils During its Stress-strain Analysis

The following are the research results made both at lengthwise and width directions with and without accounting sequence of a section erection. Calculations were performed in the maths laboratory of «B.E. Vedeneev VNIIG» with software assistance. The main aim of the study is to search for the optimal stress-strain behavior of the dam in terms of forming minimal tension in concrete

Allowance for Sequence of Mass Concrete Dam Erection on Soils During its Stress-strain Analysis

The following are the research results made both at lengthwise and width directions with and without accounting sequence of a section erection. Calculations were performed in the maths laboratory of «B.E. Vedeneev VNIIG» with software assistance. The main aim of the study is to search for the optimal stress-strain behavior of the dam in terms of forming minimal tension in concrete

Апробація методики оцінки фізичної стабільності автомобільних бензинів

 The technique of petrol physical stability assessment and forecasting was tested. The results of study aimed at investigation of modern motor petrols evaporability are presented in the article. The refractive index is shown to be useful tool in making prognosis about evaporation losses of motor petrol. The validation of this technique was conducted and recommendations are given on its application. Апробирована методика оценки и прогнозирования физической стабильности автомобильных бензинов. Представлены результаты испытаний испаряемости современных автомобильных бензинов. Доказано рациональность использования показателя преломления для определения величины потерь бензина от испарения. Проведена проверка методики. Приведены рекомендации по ее использованию. Апробовано методику оцінки та прогнозування фізичної стабільності автомобільних бензинів. Подано результати випробувань випаровуваності сучасних автомобільних бензинів. Доведено раціональність використання показника заломлення для визначення величини втрат бензину від випаровування. Проведено перевірку методики. Наведено рекомендації щодо її використання

Research of Change in Fraction Composition of Vehicle Gasoline in the Modification of Its Biodethanol in the Cavitation Field

The influence of bioethanol content and parameters of the cavitation field on the quality indicators of motor gasolines: volatility and octane number is studied. Studying the effect of bioethanol and cavitation treatment of bioethanol-gasoline mixture will make it possible to produce automotive fuels for different climatic zones, or winter (summer) versions of gasolines. The use of bioethanol and cavitation treatment of a bioethanol-gasoline mixture affect the fractional composition of motor gasoline and its volatility. The optimal content of the biocomponent, at which there is an increase in the volatility of gasoline, is established Also the results of the octane number change are presented depending on the intensity of cavitation treatment for gas condensate with the addition of bioethanol. The influence of bioethanol content on the increase in octane number during cavitation treatment is determined. It is found that the introduction of bioethanol into the composition of gasoline leads to an improvement in its volatility. In this case, cavitation treatment makes it possible to obtain a mixture resistant to delamination. The addition of bioethanol leads to an adequate increase in light fractions during mechanical mixing and to a change in the fractional composition of the bioethanol-gasoline mixture during cavitation treatment. The addition of bioethanol in amounts up to 10% leads to a decrease in the saturated vapor pressure during cavitation treatment of bioethanol-gasoline mixtures, and an increase in the bioethanol content up to 20% leads to an increase in the saturated vapor pressure, which is explained by a change in the chemical composition of fuel components in comparison with the mechanical method of preparing mixtures. By cavitation treatment it is possible to change the fractional composition, the pressure of saturated vapors and the volatility of bioethanol-gasoline mixtures, making cavitation a promising energy-saving process for the production of gasoline for various climatic condition