IMPACT OF CANCER TREATMENT ON PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN CANCER SURVIVORS: A META-ANALYSIS

Cancer survivors are at an increased risk of morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation have been correlated with cardiotoxicity. However, the magnitude of these effects is unclear. The gold-standard methodology to non-invasively measure arterial stiffness, a measure of CVD risk, is pulse wave velocity (PWV). Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to measure the PWV response to cancer treatment in cancer survivors. Electronic databases were searched from inception through April 2023. Eligible studies included adult cancer survivors and PWV measurements (before and after treatment). One hundred thirty-seven articles were identified and 20 articles (24 trials) met inclusion criteria. Compared to baseline (pre-treatment), cancer treatment resulted in a moderate-large significant increase (worsening) in PWV (SMD=0.634 m/s, 95% CI: 0.348, 0.920, df=20, p=0.002). Sub-group analysis did not reveal any significant effects of PWV device (df=7, p=0.150) or PWV site (df=4, p=0.360). However, a significant effect was seen based on cancer type (df=9, p=0.045) with breast cancer survivors (SMD=-0.939 m/s, 95% CI: -1.839, -0.039, df=6, p=0.041) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors (SMD=1.000 m/s, 95% CI: 0.164, 1.836, df=1, p=0.019) having large significant changes in PWV. Additionally, a significant effect was seen based on time between baseline and post-treatment visits (df=1,p=0.045). Trials with a short visit timeline (less than 12 weeks) resulted in a moderate increase in PWV (SMD=0.569 m/s, 95% CI: 0.012, 1.126, df=5, p=0.045) whereas, trials with a long visit timeline (greater than 13 weeks) resulted in a small-moderate increase in PWV (SMD=0.317 m/s, 95% CI: -0.013, 0.647, df=13, p=0.060). In conclusion, cancer treatment does significantly affect PWV indicating an increased CVD risk. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions to mitigate these effects.Bachelor of Scienc

Circular dichroism and conformational polymorphism of DNA

Here we review studies that provided important information about conformational properties of DNA using circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy. The conformational properties include the B-family of structures, A-form, Z-form, guanine quadruplexes, cytosine quadruplexes, triplexes and other less characterized structures. CD spectroscopy is extremely sensitive and relatively inexpensive. This fast and simple method can be used at low- as well as high-DNA concentrations and with short- as well as long-DNA molecules. The samples can easily be titrated with various agents to cause conformational isomerizations of DNA. The course of detected CD spectral changes makes possible to distinguish between gradual changes within a single DNA conformation and cooperative isomerizations between discrete structural states. It enables measuring kinetics of the appearance of particular conformers and determination of their thermodynamic parameters. In careful hands, CD spectroscopy is a valuable tool for mapping conformational properties of particular DNA molecules. Due to its numerous advantages, CD spectroscopy significantly participated in all basic conformational findings on DNA

SPECTRES D'ÉMISSION PHOTOLUMINESCENTE DU SULFURE DE ZINC ACTIVÉ PAR LES ÉLÉMENTS DES TERRES RARES

Nous avons préparé toute une série d'échantillons de sulfure de zinc activé par les divers éléments de la série des lanthanides (sauf Pm et Lu). L'adjonction de cobalt, supprimant l'émission luminescente des traces résiduelles de cuivre, n'intervient généralement pas sur les transferts d'énergie vers les ions lanthanides et en améliore la visibilité des spectres d'émission. On traite plus particulièrement ici de la découverte d'une photoluminescence visible du gadolinium, ainsi que des spectres obtenus avec le praséodyme, le terbium, l'erbium et le disprosium.We prepared a series of zinc sulphide samples doped with various lanthanide elements (except Pm and Lu). The addition of cobalt suppresses the luminescent emission of the always remaining copper traces but generally does not disturb the energy transfert to lanthanide ions and, consequently, improves the visibility of the emission spectra. We describe particularly the discovery of a photoluminescent line emission in the visible region, and also the spectra we obtained with praseodymium, terbium, erbium and dysprosium

Interaction of transition metal ions with Z form poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) and poly d(A-T) studied by I.R. spectroscopy.

Interactions between Ni2+, Co2+ and purine bases have been studied by I.R. spectroscopy in the case of double stranded regularly alternating purine-pyrimidine polynucleotides poly d(A-T), poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) and poly d(G-C). The spectra of polynucleotide films have been recorded in hydration and salt content conditions which correspond to the obtention of the classical right-handed (A,B) and left-handed (Z) helical conformations. Selective deuteration of the 8C site of purines has been obtained and is used to detect interactions between the transition metal ions and the adenine or guanine bases. The spectral region between 1500 and 1250 cm-1 corresponding to base in-plane vibrations and involving also the glycosidic linkage torsion is discussed in detail. The selective interaction between the transition metal ion and the 7N site of the purine base is considered to be partly responsible for the stabilization of the base in a syn conformation, which favours the adoption by the polynucleotide (poly d(G-C), poly d(A-C).poly d(G-T) or poly d(A-T)) of a Z type conformation

IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS ON PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN CANCER SURVIVORS: A META-ANALYSIS

Juliette Levet-Bourtayre, Lauren C. Bates-Fraser, Lee Stoner, FACSM, Erik D. Hanson, FACSM. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors are living longer, albeit with a decreased health-span as a function of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The increased CVD risk is attributable to not only the anti-cancer therapies, but also poor lifestyle behaviors, including physical inactivity. Establishing population-specific physical activity recommendations could mitigate CVD risk and improve health-span. To help facilitate population-specific physical activity guidelines, the objective of this meta-analysis is to determine which physical activity prescription (aerobic, resistance training, or both) decreases CVD risk in cancer survivors (all types) compared to a control (usual care) group. The outcome measure will be pulse wave velocity (PWV), an established measure of biological vascular aging and CVD risk. METHODS: This meta-analysis will be carried out in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Following PROSPERO registration, electronic databases will be used to identify articles that meet the criteria: (i) English language, (ii) human studies, (iii) adults (18 years of age and older), (iv) cancer survivors (any type), (v) inclusion of a physical activity intervention (duration of \u3e 20 minutes/session, any type), (vi) inclusion of PWV (carotid-femoral) measurement, (vii) randomized control trial design (includes a control group or wait-list control group). Data will be pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The findings may lead to improvements in physical activity recommendations for cancer survivors that target arterial stiffness and CVD risk. The results of this analysis may also identify gaps in the literature that need to be addressed by further research

SIMULTANEOUS INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVITY BEHAVIORS, DIETARY PATTERNS, AND PHYSICAL FITNESS WITH ADIPOSITY IN PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN

Juliette Levet-Bourtayre1, Lauren C. Bates1, Nicholas Castro2, Gabriel Zieff1, Patricia Pagan Lassalle1, Lee Stoner, FACSM1. 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 2University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC. BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is a major public health concern due to its association with an increased risk of developing early-onset cardiometabolic diseases. Poor activity behaviors, dietary patterns, and physical fitness have been shown to independently contribute to adiposity risk, however these multifactorial behaviors interact with one another potentially increasing risk. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to simultaneously investigate the associations among dietary patterns, activity behaviors, and physical fitness with adiposity in preadolescent children. METHODS: A sample of 392 preadolescent children (age: 9.5 ± 1.1 years) were recruited from schools in three relatively large cities in New Zealand. Body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass (kg) were measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference (waist to hip ratio, WHR) were measured to calculate the anthropometric indices. Fat mass index (FMI) was calculated by dividing fat mass (kg) by height squared (m2) and body mass index (BMI) was calculated by diving body mass (kg) by height squared (m2). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, VO2 max) was estimated via the 20-Meter Shuffle Test and muscular strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior were measured through the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire. The PEDALS-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine dietary patterns. Sleep questions were used to record sleep duration, social jetlag and sleep disturbance. RESULTS: Multivariable regression, adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, and school decile revealed that (a) V̇O₂max, fruit and vegetables pattern and breakfast food pattern were associated with body fat percentage (β = -11.34, .44 and -.58, respectively; all p \u3c 0.05); and (b) V̇O₂max was the only factor associated with FMI (β = -2.45; p \u3c .001), BMI (β = -3.54; p \u3c .001) and WHR (β = .03; p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CRF correlated most strongly with adiposity. Therefore, participating in PA to increase CRF should be at the forefront of pediatric health guidelines to address the childhood obesity epidemic