List of Bonds Due to John Kean, January 1793

This document is a list of bonds due to John Kean within the states of South Carolina and Georgia. Nearly thrity individuals are named in the document with payments accumulating up to thousands of pounds. Names include John B. Barnwell, John Parmenter, J Lewis Bourquin, Robert Porteus, John Talbird, J Pritchard, B Reynolds, John Grayson, Thomas Grayson, Rich Porter, Rich Keating, Stephen Bull, Edward Barnwall, John Rose, Richard Fairchild, Joseph Sealy, Sarah Miller, Ralph Elliott, W.H. Wigg, and Stephen Lewis.https://digitalcommons.kean.edu/lhc_1790s/1515/thumbnail.jp

Questioning the Legitimacy of the Expedited Removal Process – The Tall Task of Protecting the Constitutional Rights of One of America’s Most Marginalized Groups

This Note explores the origin and development of 8 U.S.C. § 1225—a heavily debated facet of the United States’ immigration law. Section 1225, colloquially referred to as the “expedited removal process,” has been interpreted to permit low-level immigration officers to summarily remove certain “arriving” noncitizens from the United States without affording them the procedural due process protections guaranteed under the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution to all individuals present in the United States. This Note posits that the current interpretation of § 1225, particularly the interpretation of “is arriving,” and application of the expedited removal process is inconsistent with well-established canons of statutory interpretation—particularly the plain meaning canon, the no superfluous words canon, and the constitutional presumption canon. This Note then puts forth an interpretation that is consistent with these central canons of interpretation. Finally, this Note argues that due to the Fifth Amendment’s broad applicability, the refusal to afford procedural safeguards prior to the denial of life, liberty, and property via the expedited removal process constitutes a wholly unconstitutional due process violation and that even the expansive entry fiction doctrine is not enough to save this unconstitutional removal process. Thus, the expedited removal process, as it is currently employed, must be abandoned and § 1225 must be either amended or repealed

Study of an optimal heating duration indicator for square pulsed thermography applied to CFRP gluing quality control

International audienceDuring previous works, square pulsed thermography was used to carry out non destructive testing of bonding quality of CFRP glued on civil engineering structures during reinforcement operations [1,2]. The use of such wave form excitation was motivated by " on-site " requirements, but also by measurements duration, number of composite layers to test, depth of possible faulting areas versus temperature elevation allowed at composite level according to inner heat diffusion. Nevertheless, square pulsed excitation implies to choose an adapted heat duration. This duration is directly linked to the reliability of the parameter estimator [3]. In fact, after a certain duration the standard deviation of the estimation procedure stagnates. According to these observations, an indicator able to predict the sufficient heating time when the reliability of the parameter estimator reached an asymptotic evolution behavior was studied. Based on the absolute thermal contrast, the proposed indicator Iph is defined with the maximum thermal contrast ∆Tmax and the time delay (tph) between the heating time tc and the appearance of the maximum contrast, as shown in figure 1 (left). A typical evolution of the Iph indicator is proposed in figure 1 (right). This indicator allows to take into acount the detectability as well as the induced flaw temporal effect on the thermal contrast shape evolution. It has been observed that the maximum of Iph is connected with the sufficient heating time when the standard deviation of the estimation procedure tends to be minimized. This paper will present the establishment of this indicator for optimal square heating time and present an analysis of results obtained with numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. Figure 1 Absolute thermal contrast characteristics (left) and indicator Iph evolution with heating time duration References [1] A. Crinière, J. Dumoulin, C. Ibarra-Castanedo and X. Maldague , " Inverse model for defect characterization of externally glued CFRP on reinforced concrete structures: Comparative study of square pulsed and pulsed thermography " ,] L-D. Théroux, J. Dumoulin and X. Maldague , " Square heating applied to shearography and active infrared thermography measurements coupling: from feasibility test in laboratory to numerical study of pultruded CFRP plates glued on concrete specimen " ,Strain journal, Wiley editor, 2014. doi:10.1111/str.12086. [3] V. Feuillet, L. Ibos, M. Fois, J. Dumoulin, Y. Candau, " Defect detection and characterization in composite materials using Square Pulse Thermography coupled with Singular Value Decomposition analysis and thermal quadrupole modeling " , NDT&E International, Volume 51, Octobre 2012, pp 58–67, Elsevier, http://dx

Taxonomic status and distribution of the South African lizard Tetradactylus breyeri Roux (Gerrhosauridae)

The taxonomic status of the poorly known South African gerrhosaurid Tetradactylus breyeri, described by Roux in 1907 on the basis of a single specimen from the Transvaal, was investigated. The holotype and 14 other preserved specimens were examined and are described in detail. Prior to this study, only six specimens had been described in the literature. No evidence was found to warrant subspecific status for lizards from any part of the species’ range, despite the apparently isolated nature of populations, and T. breyeri is thus considered monotypic. The species occurs as three apparently isolated montane grassland to highveld grassland populations in the South African provinces of Mpumalanga, north-eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. Despite recent surveys, very few specimens have been found, and the ‘rare’ status afforded the species in the South African Red Data Book should be retained

Concerning French International Law Manuels: A Critical Review of the Principal French Textbooks In Public International Law

The perspectives of French lawyers concerning international law and international institutions are formed largely by the basic course in public international law that they took as law students. Students in the course attend formal lectures by the professor (cours magistraux) and often supplementary section meetings, or tutorials, with instructors (travaux diriges), as well as read all or part of a basic textbook (manuel) in public international law and other assigned materials. One way to gain insight into the fundamental ways of thinking about international law of French lawyers and law-trained officials is to take a close look at the manuels that they studied as law students. Are these manuels narrow and technically focused, limiting inquiry to the text of treaties and other authoritative sources of international law? Or are they broad-ranging and policy-oriented, opening avenues to consideration of a wide variety of factors? Do they advocate and employ methods which privilege logical and deductive reasoning for arriving at solutions to legal problems? Or do they direct attention to analysis that looks also to the purpose of rules? Do they present international law from a policy-neutral perspective? Or do they engage in judgments about existing rules or suggest the development of new rules? Do they conceive international law as state-centered? Or do they see it rather from a world community perspective? These are some of the questions which will be addressed in this article. Presenting French textbooks to the American internationalist public logically leads one to try to explain how they differ from the casebooks used by American law students. This, however, raises a further, implicit question: whether there is sufficient unity in French doctrine to justify a presentation of the underlying spirit of French textbooks as a whole. The first question is relatively easy to answer because there are clear differences in the form of French manuels and American casebooks: French textbooks are almost always smaller in size than American casebooks. The main reason is that, as a general rule, they do not include the documents and annexes which appear in abundance in American casebooks, i.e., sizeable extracts from case law and the writings of scholars. In France, these are simply quoted and summarized by the author of the textbook because these sorts of documents are more often provided in handouts distributed to students to prepare tutorials rather than directly included in the textbooks themselves. The second point appears more difficult to resolve: is there sufficient substantive unity between these textbooks to justify presenting them as a whole and developing \u27\u27the French concept of international law, which is probably what the American internationalist reading this review is hoping to find? Of course, there are many similarities, especially in the presentation of the subject in general. Each textbook commences with a more or less detailed study of the history of international law and a description of the various schools of thought. This is followed, although the order may vary, by a study of the relations between international and national law, sources, subjects, the application of international law in the international and national legal orders, the responsibility of states, the law of peace and international security, and the regime of international spaces, which is particularly developed in the Combacau-Sur textbook. However, the latter excludes economic questions relating to trade regulation, investment, and development law, whereas these matters are presented by Pierre-Marie Dupuy and amply developed in the Daillier-Pellet textbook. CombacauSur, Daillier-Pellet, and Pierre-Marie Dupuy also analyze questions relating to environmental law. Human rights, another sensitive subject of contemporary inter- national law, is discussed in all the textbooks, but particularly well developed in those of Pierre-Marie Dupuy and Daillier-Pellet. Nevertheless, making a list of the subjects common to all the authors clearly does not allow us to determine whether there is any unity of doctrine: a French concept of international law. The way in which these subjects are treated will be the determining factor. It is the doctrinal conclusions drawn by their authors from case law and practice that will reveal any unity or important variations in the principal French public international law textbooks. In fact, there are two main sorts of variation in French textbooks. They first become evident at an early stage, when the authors define the object of study and the methodology. Part I of this article will therefore address the questions of definition and methodology. Differences among French textbooks also result from more substantive theoretical disagreements concerning the nature and meaning of international law. These disagreements relate to differing views with respect to objectivism and voluntarism, which will be addressed in Part II of this article. Thus, although it will not be possible to present American readers with a unitary French concept of international law, they may, at least, be impressed by the richness and diversity of French doctrine