Cellulose Gum: a new additive for wine tartaric stability. Tentative of structures determination involved in the haze formation after CMC addition in wine

International audienceCellulose gum (or sodium carboxymethylcellulose / CMC) is a new additive permitted by the European Community for tartaric stabilization (maximum dosage: 10g/HL). CMC is known to have a high eciency for potassium bitartrate and calcium tartrate crystallization inhibition in white and sparkling wines. Hypotheses suggest an inhibition of the nuclei growth at the beginning of their formation. However some problems remain, such as the formation of a low increase of the turbidity in white wine (from 0,1 to 0,4 NTU at room temperature) requiring a ltration step and the formation of a high lumps volume when CMC is used in some red wines. The goal of the following experiments was to determine which molecules are involved in the haze formed in white or red wines. 1. On white wines: A unique Sauvignon wine is treated from 0 up to 600mg/L of activated bentonite. After ltration, each batch was added (or not) with 100mg/L of CMC previously dissolved in tap water (conc.:50g/L). After 1 week of storage at 13°C, samples were heated at 80°C during ½ h and then stored at RT during 24h before running turbidity. 2. On red wines: 1L of red wine (blend of Cinsault, Merlot and Cab. Sauvignon) was added with 100mg/L of CMC (see above) and stored at-4°C for 4 days. After this time, the wine showed a high level of red clouds. At negative temperature, the deposit was ltered on 0.2 µm nitrocellulose lter membrane and extensively washed with a hydro-alcoholic solution (12% ethanol v/v-pH: 3,5/HCl) kept at-4°C. The membrane was then dried under vacuum and the deposit was collected and exchanged 3 times with D2O for H1-NMR study (HRMAS)

Bartonella quintana coinfection with Mycobacterium avium complex and CMV in an AIDS patient: case presentation

BACKGROUND: As a greater number of HIV-infected patients survive despite profound immunodepression due to medical progress, we face complex infection with multiple agents in AIDS-patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an AIDS patient with a primary clinical presentation suggestive of bacillary angiomatosis. We also found in cutaneous lesions Mycobacterium avium complex and cytomegalovirus. CONCLUSION: This clinical case illustrates the possibility of multiple coinfections in AIDS patients and the need to be exhaustive in evaluating infectious diseases in severely immunocompromised patients

Biological flora of Central europe: Baldellia ranunculoides (Alismataceae)

Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. (Alismataceae) is a taxonomically problematic aquatic plant with an historically ill-defined distribution and global conservation status. This paper finds morphological, ecological and molecular evidence for two distinct taxa, probably best described as subspecies: (1) B. ranunculoides subsp. ranunculoides and (2) B. ranunculoides subsp. repens and provides detailed distribution data on their overlapping range, in different habitats, across the cool, high rainfall areas of western Europe and west Mediterranean. The two subspecies are amongst the relatively large number of threatened European and north Africa aquatic plants and this paper provides a systematic review of their relative conservation pressures and management needs, with particular emphasis on the status of both taxa in central Europe. Other observations indicate probable evolutionary relationships within B. ranunculoides s.l. and its associated taxa and the review points out where these and other research topics could potentially be pursued

Les premières observations sur le marais de Cessières-Montbavin

Bournerias Marcel. Les premières observations sur le marais de Cessières-Montbavin . In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°387-388, 48e année,1971. pp. 95-96

Les principales unités de végétation de la dépression de Cessières-Montbavin

Bournerias Marcel. Les principales unités de végétation de la dépression de Cessières-Montbavin . In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°387-388, 48e année,1971. pp. 117-124

Les premières observations sur le marais de Cessières-Montbavin

Bournerias Marcel. Les premières observations sur le marais de Cessières-Montbavin . In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°387-388, 48e année,1971. pp. 95-96

Conclusion générale

Bournerias Marcel. Conclusion générale . In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 71e année, 1994-3 ( juin). Les marais continentaux de la France des plaines et des moyennes montagnes. Aspects écologiques et sociologiques, gestion et protection, sous la direction de Marcel Bournerias et Bertrand Sajaloli. pp. 383-384

Objectifs

Bournerias Marcel, Sajaloli Bertrand. Objectifs. In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 71e année, 1994-3 ( juin). Les marais continentaux de la France des plaines et des moyennes montagnes. Aspects écologiques et sociologiques, gestion et protection, sous la direction de Marcel Bournerias et Bertrand Sajaloli. p. 231