63 research outputs found

    Cost of cataract surgery after implantation of three intraocular lenses

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    Catherine Boureau1, Antoine Lafuma2, Viviane Jeanbat2, Andrew F Smith3, Gilles Berdeaux41Clinique Geoffroy St Hilaire, Paris, France; 2Cemka-Eval, Bourg la Reine, France; 3Alcon Laboratories Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, UK; 4Alcon France, Rueil Malmaison, France; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, FranceBackground: Posterior capsule opacification is one of the most frequent adverse events following cataract surgery. This manuscript reports the lifetime cost of complications linked to posterior capsule opacification using three types of intraocular lens with square edges.Methods: Costs were estimated from a retrospective study of patients who underwent cataract surgery and data from the literature. The lenses studied were hydrophobic acrylic (SA60AT and AR40E) and hydrophilic acrylic (XL-Stabi) lenses with square edges. The frequency of Nd-Yag laser capsulotomies after 4 years’ survival was estimated by two methods: the first involved linear adjustment of the rate at 5 and 6 years follow-up and then application of a constant rate after 6 years; the second involved linear adjustment after 5 years follow-up. The economic perspective was that of the French Sickness Fund.Results: After 3 years’ follow-up the percentage of patients who had not undergone laser Nd-Yag capsulotomy was 86.9% with SA60AT, 76.6% with AR40E and 54.6% with XL-Stabi lenses (p < 0.001). The total cost of capsulotomy and management of complications per patient lifetime was estimated to be €90.5 for SA60AT, €189.5 for AR40E and €288.0 for XL-Stabi lenses by the first extrapolation method. With the second method of extrapolation the costs were €94.8, €200.0 and €300.2, respectively.Interpretation: Lower costs for cataract surgery and management of related complications were observed with the two hydrophobic acrylic lenses; the lowest costs were observed with SA60AT lenses as they were associated with fewer Nd-Yag laser capsulotomies.Keywords: cataract surgery, Nd-Yag laser, capsulotomy, adverse event, cost, budget impac

    The Phenix guide to animal euthanasia

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    Euthanasia of animals is a veterinary act whose difficulty is evident at many levels: it generates sadness, if not distress, in the owner; it ruins all hopes of a possible cure for the veterinarian; its practical realization is never easy and requires a great level of professionalism from the practitioner. The "Phenix" site was conceived by Qualityvet to help veterinary practitioners. Thanks to an interactive information that includes both reglementary and technical advice, together with a few interesting returns from the field, the "Phenix" guide targets every animal species, whether pet animals or rent animals. For each animal species, it takes into consideration its pecularities during the three successive phases: before- during- and after euthanasia. Its clear presentation allows the practitioner to rapidly access the informatioon he is looking for.L’euthanasie des animaux est un acte vĂ©tĂ©rinaire dont la difficultĂ© s’exprime Ă  de nombreux niveaux : il gĂ©nĂšre tristesse, voire dĂ©sarroi chez le dĂ©tenteur de l’animal, il anĂ©antit les espoirs de guĂ©rison pour le vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, sa rĂ©alisation est toujours dĂ©licate et requiĂšre, de la part de celui qui doit la pratiquer, un grand professionnalisme. C’est pour aider le praticien que QualitĂ©vet a conçu le site « PhĂ©nix ». GrĂące Ă  une information interactive sous la forme d’une liste de conseils pratiques touchant Ă  la fois au rĂ©glementaire et au technique et agrĂ©mentĂ© de quelques retours d’expĂ©rience trĂšs pĂ©dagogiques, le guide « PhĂ©nix » s’intĂ©resse Ă  toutes les espĂšces : animaux de compagnie et animaux de rente. Il dĂ©crit les particularitĂ©s pour chacune d’elles au cours des trois phases chronologiques : avant, pendant et aprĂšs l’euthanasie. Sa prĂ©sentation trĂšs claire permet au praticien d’accĂ©der trĂšs rapidement au conseil qui lui est nĂ©cessaire

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    INFLUENCE DU TYPE D'IMPLANT SUR L'OPACIFICATION CAPSULAIRE POSTERIEURE (ETUDE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE RETROSPECTIVE DE 2034 CATARACTES OPEREES (DES OPHTALMOLOGIE))

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    PARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Evaluation des indicateurs nationaux de biodiversité forestiÚre

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    [Notes_IRSTEA]Conventions de recherche ECOFOR [Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / BIOFORCe rapport se propose d'analyser de maniĂšre assez dĂ©taillĂ©e les quinze indicateurs nationaux de biodiversitĂ© utilisĂ©s dans le cadre de la politique de gestion durable des forĂȘts en France. Les principaux objectifs de ce travail sont : - d'analyser en dĂ©tail chaque indicateur de la publication 2005 sur la gestion durable des forĂȘts françaises et notamment sa pertinence au regard de la biodiversitĂ©, les dĂ©finitions et mĂ©thodologies employĂ©es, les difficultĂ©s de mise en oeuvre, la prĂ©sentation et les commentaires proposĂ©s ; - d'apprĂ©cier la cohĂ©rence d'ensemble du systĂšme d'indicateurs de biodiversitĂ© ; - de proposer des pistes d'amĂ©lioration ; - de dĂ©finir les besoins de recherche Ă  court, moyen et long terme soulevĂ©s par la dĂ©finition, la mise en oeuvre et l'utilisation de ces indicateurs. La pertinence du thĂšme abordĂ© par chacun des 15 indicateurs - au regard de la biodiversitĂ© en gĂ©nĂ©ral et du thĂšme de la CMPFE en particulier - est gĂ©nĂ©ralement forte. Une modification du libellĂ© du thĂšme est cependant demandĂ©e pour 7 indicateurs. La confrontation du systĂšme d'indicateurs proposĂ© avec les objectifs de la StratĂ©gie Nationale de la BiodiversitĂ© et du Programme Forestier National a permis de vĂ©rifier la cohĂ©rence du systĂšme avec les objectifs conjoints de ces deux instances.Par contre, l'adĂ©quation entre l'indicateur proposĂ© et le thĂšme abordĂ© est le plus souvent insuffisante. Divers cas de figure ont Ă©tĂ© relevĂ©s : prĂ©sentation ou formulation inadaptĂ©es, domaine d'application limitĂ© ou mal dĂ©fini, dĂ©finitions et mĂ©thodologie insatisfaisantes, informations complĂ©mentaires manquantes. Tous ces Ă©lĂ©ments conduisent Ă  limiter la pertinence de l'indicateur et les possibilitĂ©s de l'interprĂ©ter au mieux (commentaires insuffisants).Concernant les amĂ©liorations, il resterait Ă  dĂ©finir prĂ©cisĂ©ment la faisabilitĂ© de certaines propositions, notamment en faisant tester le recueil de mesures ou/et observations par l'IFN, principal fournisseur de donnĂ©es. D'autres actions plus spĂ©cifiques pourraient ĂȘtre dĂ©veloppĂ©es (recherche des zones d'indigĂ©nat, cartographie des forĂȘts anciennes, ...). Ces propositions ont enfin montrĂ© l'intĂ©rĂȘt de constituer des groupes d'experts sur certains sujets (dĂ©finition de niveaux de naturalitĂ©, liste d'arbres forestiers, zones d'indigĂ©nat, ...).Les besoins de recherche Ă  plus long terme sont importants, notamment pour prĂ©ciser certaines valeurs de rĂ©fĂ©rence, le caractĂšre indicateur de biodiversitĂ© de l'indicateur choisi et les mĂ©canismes sous-jacents au lien entre indicateur et biodiversitĂ©. Il semble important de disposer Ă  la fois d'un suivi d'espĂšces et d'un suivi de variables dendromĂ©triques ou Ă©cologiques mais surtout de relier par des analyses statistiques ces deux types d'information.L'apprĂ©ciation de la cohĂ©rence d'ensemble des indicateurs de biodiversitĂ© a montrĂ© la nĂ©cessitĂ© de repenser l'ensemble des indicateurs de gestion forestiĂšre durable, tous critĂšres confondus, en dĂ©finissant un cadre conceptuel rigoureux. Concernant les seuls indicateurs de biodiversitĂ©, l'application du modĂšle Pression - Etat - RĂ©ponse a dĂ©jĂ  permis de complĂ©ter l'analyse par indicateur mais un travail d'approfondissement s'avĂšre nĂ©cessaire.Ce rapport peut ainsi ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme une base de travail pour l'amĂ©lioration continue des Indicateurs nationaux de biodiversitĂ©, notamment pour les futurs comitĂ©s de pilotage chargĂ©s d'orienter leur contenu

    Three-dimensional measurement of Mg dopant distribution and electrical activity in GaN by correlative atom probe tomography and off-axis electron holography

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    International audienceThe distribution and electrical activity of p-type doping (Mg) in gallium nitride (GaN) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition was investigated by correlating atom probe tomography (APT) and off-axis electron holography. APT results revealed that high Mg concentrations promote the formation of Mg-rich clusters. This is associated with the formation of pyramidal inversion domains (PIDs). The direct measurement of the doping concentration outside the clusters provided by APT suggests a saturation in the p-type electrical activity for Mg concentrations above 7 x 10 19 cm-3. Maps of the electrostatic potential provided by off-axis electron holography confirm that the highest carrier concentration was achieved in the regions with the highest dopant concentration of 2 x 10 20 cm-3 , despite the presence of a high density of Mg-rich clusters revealed by APT. The correlation of these techniques suggests that PIDs are not the major cause of the reduction in electrostatic potential
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