Perception of the object attributes for sound synthesis purposes

International audienceThis paper presents a work in progress on the perception of the attributes of the shape of a resonant object. As part of the ecological approach to perception-assuming that a sound contains specific morphologies that convey perceptually relevant information responsible for its recognition, called invariants-the PRISM laboratory has developed an environmental sound synthesizer aiming to provide perceptual and intuitive controls for a non-expert user. Following a brief presentation of the di↵erent strategies for controlling the perceptual attributes of the object, we present an experiment conducted with calibrated sounds generated by a physically-informed synthesis model. This test focuses on the perception of the shape of the object, more particularly its width and thickness since these attributes, especially the thickness, have not been much studied in the literature from a perceptual point of view. The first results show that the perception of width is di cult for listeners, while the perception of thickness is much easier. This study allows us to validate the proposed control strategy. Further works are planned to better characterize the perceptual invariants relevant for shape perception

Sound perception of objects for intuitive control of synthesis : towards a language of sounds

Aujourd’hui les processus de synthèse sont aptes à engendrer des sons au réalisme impressionnant ou à créer des sons inouïs. Cependant le contrôle perceptif de ces outils reste une problématique d'actualité. Sur la base de l'approche écologique de la perception, un synthétiseur proposant un paradigme de contrôle intuitif, appelé {action-objet}, a été développé au laboratoire. Il permet de créer des sons à partir des évocations liées à l’action et à l’objet via une description sémantique. Ce dernier présente encore des limitations, en particulier les contrôles relatifs à la forme perçue des objets. Ce travail de thèse vise à définir une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle perceptif d’un objet virtuel à partir de l’étude de la perception sonore des objets du quotidien. En particulier, quels sont les attributs perceptifs et les structures sonores invariantes liés à la forme d'un objet? Au cours de ce travail, nous avons mis en évidence les invariants associés à la perception de la forme via une approche d’analyse par synthèse. Des méthodes de simulation physique ont été utilisées afin de modéliser des transitions continues entre catégories de formes. Ces résultats ont permis de définir des modèles de signaux reproduisant les morphologies sonores observées par la simulation. Ces modèles ont ensuite été évalués et calibrés perceptivement. L’ensemble de ces données a permis de proposer une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle basée sur les principaux attributs perceptifs de l’objet. Ce travail de thèse a ainsi contribué à la construction d’un véritable langage des sons. Il ouvre par ailleurs de nombreuses perspectives dans les domaines de la réalité virtuelle ou de la création sonoreToday's synthesis processes are capable of generating impressively realistic sounds or creating unheard-of sounds. However, the perceptual control of these tools remains a current problem. Based on the ecological approach to perception, a synthesizer with an intuitive control paradigm, called {action-object}, has been developed in the laboratory. It allows the creation of sounds from evocations related to the action and the object via a semantic description. This synthesizer presents limitations, in particular, at the level of the controls relating to the perceived shape of the objects. This thesis aims to define a new strategy for the perceptual control of a virtual object based on the study of the sound perception of everyday objects. In particular, what are the perceptual attributes and invariant sound structures related to the shape of an object? In the course of this work, we have highlighted the invariants associated with the perception of shape via a synthesis analysis approach. Physical simulation methods were used to model continuous transitions between shape categories. These results were used to define signal models that reproduce the sound morphologies observed by the simulation. These models were then evaluated and perceptually calibrated. All of these data allowed us to propose a new control strategy based on the main perceptual attributes of the object. This thesis work has thus contributed to the construction of a true language of sounds. It also opens up numerous perspectives in the fields of virtual reality and sound creatio

Impact of an audio-haptic strap to augment immersion in VR video gaming: a pilot study

International audienc

Auditory Perception of the Thickness of Plates

International audienceThis study focuses on the auditory perception of plate thickness and investigates acoustic cues that evoke thickness in the context of sound synthesis. Three hypotheses are proposed and tested through a listening test, examining the influence of damping, nonlinear phenomena, and modal frequencies on the perceived thickness of sound sources. The stimuli are generated using the numerical resolution of the Föppl-von Kármán system. We confirm that increasing the overall damping leads to an increased perceived thickness. Additionally, the emergence of an energy cascade towards higher frequencies (characteristic of thin plates) for impacts of increasing intensity evokes a thinner object

Perception of the object attributes for sound synthesis purposes

International audienceThis paper presents a work in progress on the perception of the attributes of the shape of a resonant object. As part of the ecological approach to perception-assuming that a sound contains specific morphologies that convey perceptually relevant information responsible for its recognition, called invariants-the PRISM laboratory has developed an environmental sound synthesizer aiming to provide perceptual and intuitive controls for a non-expert user. Following a brief presentation of the di↵erent strategies for controlling the perceptual attributes of the object, we present an experiment conducted with calibrated sounds generated by a physically-informed synthesis model. This test focuses on the perception of the shape of the object, more particularly its width and thickness since these attributes, especially the thickness, have not been much studied in the literature from a perceptual point of view. The first results show that the perception of width is di cult for listeners, while the perception of thickness is much easier. This study allows us to validate the proposed control strategy. Further works are planned to better characterize the perceptual invariants relevant for shape perception

Perception of the object attributes for sound synthesis purposes

International audienceThis paper presents a work in progress on the perception of the attributes of the shape of a resonant object. As part of the ecological approach to perception-assuming that a sound contains specific morphologies that convey perceptually relevant information responsible for its recognition, called invariants-the PRISM laboratory has developed an environmental sound synthesizer aiming to provide perceptual and intuitive controls for a non-expert user. Following a brief presentation of the di↵erent strategies for controlling the perceptual attributes of the object, we present an experiment conducted with calibrated sounds generated by a physically-informed synthesis model. This test focuses on the perception of the shape of the object, more particularly its width and thickness since these attributes, especially the thickness, have not been much studied in the literature from a perceptual point of view. The first results show that the perception of width is di cult for listeners, while the perception of thickness is much easier. This study allows us to validate the proposed control strategy. Further works are planned to better characterize the perceptual invariants relevant for shape perception

A subset of activated fibroblasts is associated with distant relapse in early luminal breast cancer

International audienceBackground: Early luminal breast cancer (BC) represents 70% of newly diagnosed BC cases. Among them, small (under 2 cm) BC without lymph node metastasis (classified as T1N0) have been rarely studied, as their prognosis is generally favorable. Nevertheless, up to 5% of luminal T1N0 BC patients relapse with distant metastases that ultimately prove fatal. The aim of our work was to identify the mechanisms involved in metastatic recurrence in these patients. Methods: Our study addresses the role that autonomous and non-autonomous tumor cell features play with regard to distant recurrence in early luminal BC patients. We created a cohort of T1N0 luminal BC patients (tumors between 0.5-2 cm without lymph node metastasis) with metastatic recurrence ("cases") and corresponding "controls"(without relapse) matched 1:1 on main prognostic factors: age, grade, and proliferation. We deciphered different characteristics of cancer cells and their tumor micro-environment (TME) by deep analyses using immunohistochemistry. We performed in vitro functional assays and highlighted a new mechanism of cooperation between cancer cells and one particular subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Results: We found that specific TME features are indicative of relapse in early luminal BC. Indeed, quantitative histological analyses reveal that "cases"are characterized by significant accumulation of a particular CAF subset (CAF-S1) and decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes, without any other association with immune cells. In multivariate analysis, TME features, in particular CAF-S1 enrichment, remain significantly associated with recurrence, thereby demonstrating their clinical relevance. Finally, by performing functional analyses, we demonstrated that CAF-S1 pro-metastatic activity is mediated by the CDH11/osteoblast cadherin, consistent with bones being a major site of metastases in luminal BC patients. Conclusions: This study shows that distant recurrence in T1N0 BC is strongly associated with the presence of CAF-S1 fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify CDH11 as a key player in CAF-S1-mediated pro-metastatic activity. This is independent of tumor cells and represents a new prognostic factor. These results could assist clinicians in identifying luminal BC patients with high risk of relapse. Targeted therapies against CAF-S1 using anti-FAP antibody or CDH11-targeting compounds might help in preventing relapse for such patients with activated stroma