Coulomb Excitation of Proton-rich N = 80 Isotones at HIE-ISOLDE

A projectile Coulomb-excitation experiment was performed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The radioactive ¹⁴⁰Nd and ¹⁴²Sm ions were post accelerated to the energy of 4.62 MeV/A and impinged on a 1.45 mg/cm²-thin ²⁰⁸Pb target. The γ rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL. The scattered charged particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector in forward direction. Experimental γ-ray intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Preliminary results for the reduced transition strength of the B(M1;23+→21+)=0.35(19)μN2 of ¹⁴⁰Nd and a first estimation for ¹⁴²Sm have been deduced using the Coulomb-excitation calculation software GOSIA. The 2³₊ states of ¹⁴⁰Nd and ¹⁴²Sm show indications of being the main fragment of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 2⁺₁,ms state

Étude de l’orientation du spin nucléaire dans les réactions de fusion incomplète. Mesure du moment magnétique des états 2⁺ dans les noyaux ²²Ne et ²⁸Mg

Knowledge of the nuclear magnetic moments is of great importance to get a clear understanding of nuclear structure. The magnetic moment is sensitive to the single-particle nature of the valence nucleons. The development of radioactive beam facilities allows nowadays studying nuclear spins and moments of exotic nuclei which are far from the stability line. However, the measurement of magnetic moments of exotic nuclei produced as radioactive beams requires the development of reliable methods. Successful development of such methods would open up the possibility to discover new nuclear structure phenomena. The study outlined in this thesis is formed by two experiments. The first experiment was performed at ALTO facility in Orsay, France. One of the main requirements in order to measure a nuclear magnetic moment is to produce a spin-oriented ensemble. The latter can be produced by suitable reaction mechanism and nuclear spin interaction with the surrounding environment. The degree of the orientation depends on the formation process and reaction mechanism. The aim of this first experiment was investigating the level of nuclear spin orientation in incomplete fusion reaction mechanism. Two reaction channels were studied, the isomeric states in ⁶⁵mNi (I = 9/2⁺, Eₓ = 1017 keV, T₁/₂ = 26 ns), and ⁶⁶mCu (I = 6⁻, Eₓ = 563 keV, T₁/₂= 600 ns) with Time-Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of obtaining spin alignment in incomplete fusion reaction of an order of 20%. This reaction mechanism, with such an important amount of spin alignment has potential near radioactive beam facilities to study the neutron-rich region with inverse kinematics reactions. The second experiment, and the main part of the thesis was performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. This experiment aimed to obtain high precision g-factor information on a short-lived picosecond state. A new Time Differential Recoil-In-Vacuum (TDRIV) method was applied for the first time using post-accelerated radioactive beams. The g-factor measurement was performed for the first-excited state in ²⁸Mg nucleus (Eₓ = 1474(1) keV, T₁/₂ = 1.2(1) ps). Since the lifetime of the state is of the order of picoseconds, its g-factor can be measured only via the spin precession of the nucleus in an extremely strong magnetic field (kT). Such fields can only be produced at the nucleus by hyperfine interactions. In order to obtain a high precision on a g-factor measurement, a TDRIV calibration experiment was performed with a stable ²²Ne beam. This run allowed testing the system under the same conditions as with radioactive²⁸Mg beam. In addition, using the known g-factor of the first-excited state in ²²Ne allows to determine the absolute target-to-degrader distance so that to decrease the uncertainty and obtain a high precision g-factor measurement. The obtained calibration parameters from the ²²Ne data will be used in the determination of g-factor of ²⁸Mg.La mesure des moments magnétiques nucléaires est d'une grande importance pour bien comprendre la structure nucléaire. Le moment magnétique est sensible à la nature de la particule indépendante. Le développement des faisceaux radioactifs permet aujourd'hui d'étudier les spins nucléaires et les moments de noyaux exotiques éloignés de la ligne de stabilité. Cependant, la mesure des moments magnétiques des noyaux radioactifs nécessite le développement des nouvelles méthodes fiables. Le développement réussi de telles méthodes ouvrirait la possibilité de découvrir de nouveaux phénomènes de structure nucléaire. L'étude présentée dans cette thèse est formée de deux expériences. La première expérience a été réalisée à ALTO à Orsay, en France. L'une des principales exigences pour mesurer un moment magnétique nucléaire est de produire un ensemble avec des spins orientés. Ce dernier peut être produit par un mécanisme de réaction approprié et une interaction de spin nucléaire avec le milieu environnant. Le degré d'orientation dépend du processus de formation et du mécanisme de réaction. Le but de cette première expérience était d’étudier le niveau d’orientation du spin nucléaire dans un mécanisme de réaction de fusion incomplète. Le résultat de l'expérience démontre la possibilité d'obtenir un alignement du spin dans une réaction de fusion incomplète d'un ordre de 20%. Ce mécanisme de réaction, avec une telle quantité d’alignement de spin, a le potentiel d’étudier la région riche en neutrons avec des faisceaux radioactifs. La deuxième expérience, et l'essentiel de la thèse, a été réalisée à HIE-ISOLDE au CERN. Cette expérience visait à obtenir des informations de haute précision sur le facteur g d’un état de courte durée. Une nouvelle méthode TDRIV (Time-Differential Recoil In Vacuum) a été appliquée pour la première fois avec des faisceaux radioactifs post-accélérés. La mesure du facteur g était réalisée pour le premier état excité dans un noyau de ²⁸Mg (Eₓ = 1474 (1) keV, T₁/₂ = 1,2 (1) ps)

Étude de l’orientation du spin nucléaire dans les réactions de fusion incomplète. Mesure du moment magnétique des états 2⁺ dans les noyaux ²²Ne et ²⁸Mg

Knowledge of the nuclear magnetic moments is of great importance to get a clear understanding of nuclear structure. The magnetic moment is sensitive to the single-particle nature of the valence nucleons. The development of radioactive beam facilities allows nowadays studying nuclear spins and moments of exotic nuclei which are far from the stability line. However, the measurement of magnetic moments of exotic nuclei produced as radioactive beams requires the development of reliable methods. Successful development of such methods would open up the possibility to discover new nuclear structure phenomena. The study outlined in this thesis is formed by two experiments. The first experiment was performed at ALTO facility in Orsay, France. One of the main requirements in order to measure a nuclear magnetic moment is to produce a spin-oriented ensemble. The latter can be produced by suitable reaction mechanism and nuclear spin interaction with the surrounding environment. The degree of the orientation depends on the formation process and reaction mechanism. The aim of this first experiment was investigating the level of nuclear spin orientation in incomplete fusion reaction mechanism. Two reaction channels were studied, the isomeric states in ⁶⁵mNi (I = 9/2⁺, Eₓ = 1017 keV, T₁/₂ = 26 ns), and ⁶⁶mCu (I = 6⁻, Eₓ = 563 keV, T₁/₂= 600 ns) with Time-Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of obtaining spin alignment in incomplete fusion reaction of an order of 20%. This reaction mechanism, with such an important amount of spin alignment has potential near radioactive beam facilities to study the neutron-rich region with inverse kinematics reactions. The second experiment, and the main part of the thesis was performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. This experiment aimed to obtain high precision g-factor information on a short-lived picosecond state. A new Time Differential Recoil-In-Vacuum (TDRIV) method was applied for the first time using post-accelerated radioactive beams. The g-factor measurement was performed for the first-excited state in ²⁸Mg nucleus (Eₓ = 1474(1) keV, T₁/₂ = 1.2(1) ps). Since the lifetime of the state is of the order of picoseconds, its g-factor can be measured only via the spin precession of the nucleus in an extremely strong magnetic field (kT). Such fields can only be produced at the nucleus by hyperfine interactions. In order to obtain a high precision on a g-factor measurement, a TDRIV calibration experiment was performed with a stable ²²Ne beam. This run allowed testing the system under the same conditions as with radioactive²⁸Mg beam. In addition, using the known g-factor of the first-excited state in ²²Ne allows to determine the absolute target-to-degrader distance so that to decrease the uncertainty and obtain a high precision g-factor measurement. The obtained calibration parameters from the ²²Ne data will be used in the determination of g-factor of ²⁸Mg.La mesure des moments magnétiques nucléaires est d'une grande importance pour bien comprendre la structure nucléaire. Le moment magnétique est sensible à la nature de la particule indépendante. Le développement des faisceaux radioactifs permet aujourd'hui d'étudier les spins nucléaires et les moments de noyaux exotiques éloignés de la ligne de stabilité. Cependant, la mesure des moments magnétiques des noyaux radioactifs nécessite le développement des nouvelles méthodes fiables. Le développement réussi de telles méthodes ouvrirait la possibilité de découvrir de nouveaux phénomènes de structure nucléaire. L'étude présentée dans cette thèse est formée de deux expériences. La première expérience a été réalisée à ALTO à Orsay, en France. L'une des principales exigences pour mesurer un moment magnétique nucléaire est de produire un ensemble avec des spins orientés. Ce dernier peut être produit par un mécanisme de réaction approprié et une interaction de spin nucléaire avec le milieu environnant. Le degré d'orientation dépend du processus de formation et du mécanisme de réaction. Le but de cette première expérience était d’étudier le niveau d’orientation du spin nucléaire dans un mécanisme de réaction de fusion incomplète. Le résultat de l'expérience démontre la possibilité d'obtenir un alignement du spin dans une réaction de fusion incomplète d'un ordre de 20%. Ce mécanisme de réaction, avec une telle quantité d’alignement de spin, a le potentiel d’étudier la région riche en neutrons avec des faisceaux radioactifs. La deuxième expérience, et l'essentiel de la thèse, a été réalisée à HIE-ISOLDE au CERN. Cette expérience visait à obtenir des informations de haute précision sur le facteur g d’un état de courte durée. Une nouvelle méthode TDRIV (Time-Differential Recoil In Vacuum) a été appliquée pour la première fois avec des faisceaux radioactifs post-accélérés. La mesure du facteur g était réalisée pour le premier état excité dans un noyau de ²⁸Mg (Eₓ = 1474 (1) keV, T₁/₂ = 1,2 (1) ps)

Study of the nuclear spin-orientation in incomplete fusion reactions. Measurement of the magnetic moment of the 2+^{+} states in 22^{22}Ne and 28^{28}Mg

Knowledge of the nuclear magnetic moments is of great importance to get a clear understanding of nuclear structure. The magnetic moment is sensitive to the single-particle nature of the valence nucleons. The development of radioactive beam facilities allows nowadays studying nuclear spins and moments of exotic nuclei which are far from the stability line. However, the measurement of magnetic moments of exotic nuclei produced as radioactive beams requires the development of reliable methods. Successful development of such methods would open up the possibility to discover new nuclear structure phenomena. The study outlined in this thesis is formed by two experiments. The first experiment was performed at ALTO facility in Orsay, France. One of the main requirements in order to measure a nuclear magnetic moment is to produce a spin-oriented ensemble. The latter can be produced by suitable reaction mechanism and nuclear spin interaction with the surrounding environment. The degree of the orientation depends on the formation process and reaction mechanism. The aim of this first experiment was investigating the level of nuclear spin orientation in incomplete fusion reaction mechanism. Two reaction channels were studied, the isomeric states in ⁶⁵mNi (I = 9/2$^{+}$, Eₓ = 1017 keV, T$_{1/2}$ = 26 ns), and ⁶⁶mCu (I = 6⁻, Eₓ = 563 keV, T₁/₂= 600 ns) with Time-Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method. The result of the experiment demonstrates the possibility of obtaining spin alignment in incomplete fusion reaction of an order of 20%. This reaction mechanism, with such an important amount of spin alignment has potential near radioactive beam facilities to study the neutron-rich region with inverse kinematics reactions. The second experiment, and the main part of the thesis was performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. This experiment aimed to obtain high precision g-factor information on a short-lived picosecond state. A new Time Differential Recoil-In-Vacuum (TDRIV) method was applied for the first time using post-accelerated radioactive beams. The g-factor measurement was performed for the first-excited state in ²⁸Mg nucleus (Eₓ = 1474(1) keV, T$_{1/2}$ = 1.2(1) ps). Since the lifetime of the state is of the order of picoseconds, its g-factor can be measured only via the spin precession of the nucleus in an extremely strong magnetic field (kT). Such fields can only be produced at the nucleus by hyperfine interactions. In order to obtain a high precision on a g-factor measurement, a TDRIV calibration experiment was performed with a stable ²²Ne beam. This run allowed testing the system under the same conditions as with radioactive²⁸Mg beam. In addition, using the known g-factor of the first-excited state in ²²Ne allows to determine the absolute target-to-degrader distance so that to decrease the uncertainty and obtain a high precision g-factor measurement. The obtained calibration parameters from the ²²Ne data will be used in the determination of g-factor of $^{28}$Mg

Réponses biochimique et physiologique de la Luzerne arborescente (Medicago arborea) au stress salin

This study shows the effect of salt stress on some biochemical and physiological parameters of (Medicago arborea L.) seedlings. The vegetal material used is the plants of tree Medic older to 75 days obtained from the germination of seeds bring from the experimental station of the National Institute of Forestry Research Djelfa (INRF) and were irrigated alternately with Hoagland nutrient solution and distilled water twice per week for 75 days. The plants used are watered by salt solutions of different concentrations (50,100, 150 and 200meq / L), prepared with NaCl + CaCl2. In parallel, a control group corresponding to plants watered by distilled water. The results obtained show that the application of these salt treatments causes stress to seedlings of M. arborea L. expressed by the accumulation of proline in the leaves witch increases significantly with the concentration of salts. The minimum value it’s of 13.14 μg/100mg of dry plant material (DPM) is observed in the control seedlings irrigated with distilled water. A maximum purport of this amino acid is observed at 200 meq / L with a rate of 260.4 μg/100mg (DPM). This stress is also expressed by the synthesis of soluble sugars that accumulate more in roots and leaves  treated by 200 meq / L, with mean values respectively ​​of 17.53 mg / g of fresh plant material (FPM) in the underground part and  30.31 mg / g (FPM) in the leaf part. It should be noted that the leaves accumulate much soluble sugars than roots. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed for the relative water content (RWC) measured at leaf of seedlings, which is explained by the osmotic adaptation of our species to salinity and the role attributed to the osmo-regulators (soluble sugars and proline) in the maintenance of turgor sheets.La présente étude montre l’effet du stress salin sur quelques paramètres biochimiques et physiologique des plantules de (Medicago arborea L.). Le matériel végétal utilisé correspond à des plants de la luzerne arborescente âgés de 75 jours obtenus à partir de la germination des graines provenant de la station expérimentale de l’Institut National de la Recherche Forestière de Djelfa (INRF) et qui ont été irriguées alternativement avec la solution nutritive de Hoagland et de l’eau distillé a raison de deux par semaine durant 75 jours. Les plants utilisés sont arrosées par des solutions salines de différentes concentrations (50, 100, 150 et 200 meq/L), préparées à base de chlorure de sodium et de dichlorure de calcium NaCl+ CaCl2.  En parallèle, un lot témoin correspondant à des plants arrosés par de l’eau distillé. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’application de ces traitements salins cause un stress aux plantules de Medicago arborea L. qui s’exprime par l’accumulation de la proline dans les feuilles qui croît significativement avec la concentration du milieu en sels. La valeur minimale de l’ordre de 13.14 µg/100mg de matériel végétal sec (MVS) est notée chez les  plantules témoin, arrosées par l’eau distillée. Une teneur maximale de cet acide aminé est observée à 200 meq/L avec un taux de 260.4 µg/100mg de (MVS). Ce stress s’exprime aussi par la synthèse des sucres solubles qui s’accumulent beaucoup plus dans les racines et les feuilles des plantes traitées notamment par 200 meq/L avec des valeurs moyennes respectivement de 17.53 mg/g de matériel végétal frais (MVF) dans la partie souterraine et de 30.31 mg/g de (MVF) dans la partie foliaire. Il est à noter que les feuilles accumulent beaucoup plus de sucres solubles que les racines. En revanche, chez les plantules expérimentées y compris le témoin, aucune différence significative n’est observée pour la teneur relative en eau (TRE) mesurée au niveau foliaire, ce qui s’explique par l’adaptation osmotique de notre espèce à la salinité et le rôle attribué aux osmo-régulateurs (proline et sucres solubles) dans le maintien de la turgescence des feuilles

Search for Isovector Valence-Shell Excitations in Nd-140 and Sm-142 via Coulomb excitation reactions of radioactive ion beams

Projectile Coulomb excitation experiments were performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN with the radioactive ion beams of 140Nd and 142Sm. Ions with an energy of 4.62 MeV/A were impinging on a 1.45 mg/cm2 thick 208Pb target. The γ-rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL and scattered particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector. Experimental intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. A preliminary result of the B(M1; 2+ 3→2+ 1 ) of 140Nd and an upper limit for the case of 142Sm are revealing the main fragments of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 2+ 1,ms states.peerReviewe

Search for Isovector Valence-Shell Excitations in 140Nd and 142Sm via Coulomb excitation reactions of radioactive ion beams

Projectile Coulomb excitation experiments were performed at HIE-ISOLDE at CERN with the radioactive ion beams of 140Nd and 142Sm. Ions with an energy of 4:62 MeV/A were impinging on a 1.45 mg/cm2 thick 208Pb target. The γ-rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL and scattered particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector. Experimental intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. A preliminary result of the B(M1; 2+3 → 2+1) of 140Nd and an upper limit for the case of 142Sm are revealing the main fragments of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 2+1;ms states

Coulomb Excitation of Proton-rich N = 80 Isotones at HIE-ISOLDE

A projectile Coulomb-excitation experiment was performed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The radioactive 140Nd and 142Sm ions were post accelerated to the energy of 4.62 MeV/A and impinged on a 1.45 mg/cm2-thin 208Pb target. The γ rays depopulating the Coulomb-excited states were recorded by the HPGe-array MINIBALL. The scattered charged particles were detected by a double-sided silicon strip detector in forward direction. Experimental γ-ray intensities were used for the determination of electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Preliminary results for the reduced transition strength of the B(M1 23+ to 21+)=0.35(19) μN2 of 140Nd and a first estimation for 142Sm have been deduced using the Coulomb-excitation calculation software GOSIA. The 23+ states of 140Nd and 142Sm show indications of being the main fragment of the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry 21, ms+ state.peerReviewe