Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Synthesis of glyconanoparticules for the photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer

Le récepteur du mannose 6-phosphate cation indépendant (RM6P-CI) permet l'endocytose puis le transfert de molécules porteuses du marqueur mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) vers les lysosomes. Le RM6P-CI, qui est surexprimé par les cellules de cancer de la prostate, est une cible de choix pour augmenter la délivrance de principes actifs dans ces cellules. Cependant le M6P est dégradé par les phosphatases présentes dans le sérum. Dans le but d'augmenter à la fois la stabilité et l'affinité pour le RM6P-CI, nous avons entrepris la synthèse d'analogues isostères du mannose 6-phosphate. Ces analogues sont fonctionnalisés en position anomère afin de permettre leur greffage sur des nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse incorporant un photosensibilisateur. L'évaluation biologique a montré un gain d'affinité des nouveaux analogues synthétisés pour le RM6P-CI ainsi qu'une forte augmentation de l'efficacité des nanoparticules fonctionnalisées avec les analogues pour la thérapie photodynamique, in vitro, de cellules de cancer de la prostate.The cation independant mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) allows the endocytosis and the transport of mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) bearing molecules toward the lysosomes. The CI-M6PR, which is overexpressed by prostate cancer cells, is a target of interest to increase drug delivery in these cells. However, M6P is sensitive to degradation by phosphatases in the serum. To increase both the stability and the affinity for the CI-M6PR, we synthesized new M6P isosteric analogs. These analogs are functionnalized at the anomeric position to permit their grafting on mesoporous silica nanoparticles incorporating a photosensitizer. The biological evaluation demonstrated an affinity gain of the new analogs for the CI-M6PR as well as an increase of the efficacy of the nanoparticles functionnalized with these analogs for the in vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer prostate cells

Expression of survivin using SFV and analysis of phosphorylation site mutagenesis

Apoptosis is a natural process, essential to the development and homeostatis of the organism, in which a cell undergoes self-mediated death. The human inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) survivin was previously characterized by its role in the pathogenesis of various cancers. Although most adult tissues do not contain measurable amounts of survivin transcript or protein, it is up-regulated in many cancers. AstraZeneca is currently focused on developing small molecule therapies to target survivin in vivo. In this project a Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) system was used to generate survivin in its native form. Western analysis of transduced HeLa and BHK-21 cells showed no visible survivin production. Additionally, the effects of phosphorylation on survivin's function in cell cycle checkpoint were analyzed using point mutation constructs. Western analysisof tranfected HeLa cells with these constructs showed no visible survivin production, and immunocytochemical analysis showed no effect on cell cycle checkpoint

Enhancing public awareness of ozone pollution in Bangkok, Thailand

This report, prepared in consultation for the Environmental Engineering Department of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, contains recommendations for the development of a public awareness campaign for ozone pollution and describes the effectiveness of a website as a campaign medium. We used literature sources and interviews to determine media preferences and knowledge of ozone in Bangkok. We then used these findings to create a website and develop recommendations for a broader campaign. The website was evaluated and found to be effective at increasing knowledge, but should be supplemented with other media to expand audience range

Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer Cells through an Improved Targeting of the Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor

This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Photodynamic TherapyThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).International audienceThe aim of the present work is the development of highly efficient targeting molecules to specifically address mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) designed for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of prostate cancer. We chose the strategy to develop a novel compound that allows the improvement of the targeting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. This original sugar, a dimannoside-carboxylate (M6C-Man) grafted on the surface of MSN for PDT applications, leads to a higher endocytosis and thus increases the efficacy of MSNs. View Full-TextKeywords: mannose 6-phosphate analogues; binding affinity; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; photodynamic therap

Ruthenium(II) Complex-Photosensitized Multifunctionalized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Two-Photon Near-Infrared Light Responsive Imaging and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy

International audienceMultifunctionalized porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP) containing novel Ru(II) complex-photosensitizer, polyethylene glycol moiety, and mannose molecules as cancer targeting ligands, are constructed and showcased for application in near infrared (NIR) light-responsive photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging of cancer. Exposure to NIR light leads to twophoton excitation of the Ru(II)-complex which allows efficient simultaneous cancer-imaging and targeted PDT therapy with the functionalized biodegradable pSiNP nanocarriers

Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy of Cancer Cells with Anisotropic Gold-Nanoparticle-Supported Porous Silicon Nanostructures

International audienceIn this work, we prepared porous silicon (pSi) nanostructures decorated with gold nanoparticles, as probes for cell tissue imaging under two‐photon excitation. We also demonstrated that the Au/pSi nanosystems induced cytotoxicity and phototoxicity under two‐photon excitation

Mesoporous silicon nanoparticles for targeted two-photon theranostics of prostate cancer

International audienceA novel non-toxic porous silicon nanoparticle grafted with a mannose-6-phosphate analogue and applicable in 2-photon imaging and photodynamic therapy was specifically designed for targeting prostate cancer cells