Sustainability of bio-jetfuel in Malaysia

Aviation represents a small but growing share of global CO2 emissions (2-3%), and Southeast Asia is where this industry grows the fastest. The industry targets 50% reduction in net CO2 emission by 2050, and will need at least 2 million tonnes of biofuel by 2020. In Southeast Asia, competition between natural spaces (such as tropical forests) and biofuel development should be avoided. A complex interaction of political, sociological and natural factors influence the logistics, the infrastructures and the potential sustainability of biofuel. The contrasted growing conditions, and the geographically scattered nature of the potential resources for aviation industry, add to the complexity. Building visions and actions necessitates a range of assessments and researches, to insure sustainability of appropriate scenarios and pathways. In Malaysia, a consortium established a Center of Excellence on Biomass Valorisation for aviation, in order to study the biomass feedstocks and pathways which are necessary to meet the industry target, and to ensure sustainability

Mémoires des sens et des paysages littoraux sur l’île d’Iaai (Ouvéa en Nouvelle-Calédonie)

Les tribus kanak de l’île d’Iaai en Nouvelle-Calédonie sont aujourd’hui des témoins des transformations morphologiques du littoral. Dans un contexte où les risques côtiers, en particulier l’érosion, sont devenus des enjeux environnementaux et institutionnels de plus en plus intégrés à l’aménagement du territoire, s’intéresser à la mémoire des îliens relative aux changements vécus du paysage littoral ainsi qu’à leurs représentations actuelles permet d’appréhender les évolutions du lien au territoire dans ses dimensions sensorielles et symboliques. Si la vue est un sens mobilisé par les habitants afin de décrire le résultat de l’érosion sur le paysage, l’odeur, le son et le toucher sont des arguments d’évolution du paysage sensoriel. Cet article discute des valeurs attribuées au littoral Gööny de l’île et du processus de construction de la mémoire du paysage qui s’appuie sur le souvenir d’activités culturelles et religieuses, sur la toponymie traduisant la morphologie de la plage, et sur des mémoires tactiles telle celle de la texture du sable. Nous montrerons ainsi comment les mémoires sensorielles du paysage rendent compte des liens entre modifications d’un environnement physique et transformations sociales, et sont des outils pertinents pour produire des projets d’aménagements impliquant les perceptions sensibles des habitants.In New-Caledonia the kanak tribes of Iaai island are now precious reminders of coastal morphological changes. In the context of coastal risks, as erosion, became environmental and institutional matters increasingly integrated to the land use development , to be involved in islanders memory pertaining to landscape transition and their actual coastal landscape representation provides means of handling territory link including its sensorial and symbolic dimensions. If vision is a sens rallied by the inhabitants in order to characterize the result of erosion on landscape, therefore, smell, hear and feel are sensorial landscape evolution arguments ». This paper discusses the values assigned to the Gööny coastline and the construction process of a memory landscape that relies on memories about cultural and religious activities, on toponymy reminding the beach morphology, and on tactile memory as sand texture. In this way, we will demonstrate how sense memories of landscape reflects the link between the changes of a physical environment and societal transformations, and are relevant tools to produce development projects that engage the sensitives perceptions of residents

Mémoires des sens et des paysages littoraux sur l’île d’Iaai (Ouvéa en Nouvelle-Calédonie)

Les tribus kanak de l’île d’Iaai en Nouvelle-Calédonie sont aujourd’hui des témoins des transformations morphologiques du littoral. Dans un contexte où les risques côtiers, en particulier l’érosion, sont devenus des enjeux environnementaux et institutionnels de plus en plus intégrés à l’aménagement du territoire, s’intéresser à la mémoire des îliens relative aux changements vécus du paysage littoral ainsi qu’à leurs représentations actuelles permet d’appréhender les évolutions du lien au territoire dans ses dimensions sensorielles et symboliques. Si la vue est un sens mobilisé par les habitants afin de décrire le résultat de l’érosion sur le paysage, l’odeur, le son et le toucher sont des arguments d’évolution du paysage sensoriel. Cet article discute des valeurs attribuées au littoral Gööny de l’île et du processus de construction de la mémoire du paysage qui s’appuie sur le souvenir d’activités culturelles et religieuses, sur la toponymie traduisant la morphologie de la plage, et sur des mémoires tactiles telle celle de la texture du sable. Nous montrerons ainsi comment les mémoires sensorielles du paysage rendent compte des liens entre modifications d’un environnement physique et transformations sociales, et sont des outils pertinents pour produire des projets d’aménagements impliquant les perceptions sensibles des habitants.In New-Caledonia the kanak tribes of Iaai island are now precious reminders of coastal morphological changes. In the context of coastal risks, as erosion, became environmental and institutional matters increasingly integrated to the land use development, to be involved in islanders memory pertaining to landscape transition and their actual coastal landscape representation provides means of handling territory link including its sensorial and symbolic dimensions. If vision is a sens rallied by the inhabitants in order to characterize the result of erosion on landscape, therefore, smell, hear and feel are sensorial landscape evolution arguments ». This paper discusses the values assigned to the Gööny coastline and the construction process of a memory landscape that relies on memories about cultural and religious activities, on toponymy reminding the beach morphology, and on tactile memory as sand texture. In this way, we will demonstrate how sense memories of landscape reflects the link between the changes of a physical environment and societal transformations, and are relevant tools to produce development projects that engage the sensitives perceptions of residents

Mémoires des sens et des paysages littoraux sur l’île d’Iaai (Ouvéa en Nouvelle-Calédonie)

In New-Caledonia the kanak tribes of Iaai island are now precious reminders of coastal morphological changes. In the context of coastal risks, as erosion, became environmental and institutional matters increasingly integrated to the land use development , to be involved in islanders memory pertaining to landscape transition and their actual coastal landscape representation provides means of handling territory link including its sensorial and symbolic dimensions. If vision is a sens rallied by the inhabitants in order to characterize the result of erosion on landscape, therefore, smell, hear and feel are sensorial landscape evolution arguments ». This paper discusses the values assigned to the Gööny coastline and the construction process of a memory landscape that relies on memories about cultural and religious activities, on toponymy reminding the beach morphology, and on tactile memory as sand texture. In this way, we will demonstrate how sense memories of landscape reflects the link between the changes of a physical environment and societal transformations, and are relevant tools to produce development projects that engage the sensitives perceptions of residents

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old