122 research outputs found
La Roque-Gageac â La grotte Maldidier
Lien Atlas (MCC) :http://atlas.patrimoines.culture.fr/atlas/trunk/index.php?ap_theme=DOM_2.01.02&ap_bbox=-1.178;44.805;1.221;44.835 La grotte Maldidier, situĂ©e dans un environnement archĂ©ologique riche, est une petite cavitĂ© qui surplombe la vallĂ©e de la Dordogne. Sa localisation, Ă proximitĂ© de sites majeurs attribuĂ©s Ă la mĂȘme pĂ©riode chrono-culturelle, tels que la Gravette (commune de Bayac), Laugerie-Haute (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac), Le Flageolet (BĂ©zenac) ou encore la Grotte XVI (CĂ©nac-et-Sai..
Magdalenian dog remains from Le Morin rock-shelter (Gironde, France). Socio-economic implications of a zootechnical innovation
We present in this paper new remains and direct radiocarbon dates of small canids from Le Morin rock shelter (Gironde, France) which constitute a major discovery with respect to the question of wolf domestication during the European Palaeolithic.In this study a multi-proxy approach has been employed, including species identification and a consideration of the archaeological and chronological context. The canidsâ remains have all been studied regarding their morphology, biometry and surface attributes. All dental and postcranial remains of canids were attributed to a species by using a thorough biometric database built from fossil and modern data from Europe. The morphometry of seven remains is outside the size range variability of wolves and therefore can be securely attributed to dog (Canis familiaris). Nineteen are attributed to wolf (Canis lupus) and six could not not be securely attributed to one sub-species or the other (Canis sp.). More than 50Â % of these Canisremains bear anthropogenic marks that demonstrate the utilization of both wolves and dogs by late glacial human groups. Two of the dog remains from Le Morin rock shelter were directly dated and indicate that Magdalenian groups lived with dogs. A discussion is therefore developed in this article regarding the development of this domestication through time and space
Des restes de chiens magdalĂ©niens Ă lâabri du Morin (Gironde, France). Implications socio-Ă©conomiques dâune innovation zootechnique
De nouveaux restes dâun petit canidĂ©, directement datĂ©s, provenant de lâabri du Morin (Gironde, France) sont ici prĂ©sentĂ©s. Ils constituent des Ă©lĂ©ments essentiels pour discuter de la question de la domestication au cours du PalĂ©olithique en Europe.Dans cette Ă©tude, une approche pluridisciplinaire est mise en Ćuvre en confrontant lâanalyse des restes fauniques, des armatures lithiques de chasse et du cadre chronologique. Les restes de canidĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s dâun point de vue morphologique, mĂ©trique et archĂ©ozoologique. Les restes dentaires et post-crĂąniens ont Ă©tĂ© spĂ©cifiquement identifiĂ©s en utilisant un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel biomĂ©trique regroupant des donnĂ©es concernant des populations de loups et de chiens actuels et fossiles europĂ©ens. Sept des restes analysĂ©s, par leurs dimensions, sortent nettement de la variabilitĂ© des loups et peuvent de fait ĂȘtre clairement rapportĂ©s au chien (Canis familiaris). Dix-neuf restes sont attribuĂ©s au loup (Canis lupus) et six restes ne peuvent pas ĂȘtre rapportĂ©s Ă lâune ou Ă lâautre des espĂšces (Canis sp.). Plus de 50 % des restes de canidĂ©s portent des traces dâorigine anthropique attestant de lâexploitation tant du loup que du chien par les groupes humains du Tardiglaciaire. Les deux restes de chien datĂ©s indiquent que les groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs magdalĂ©niens vivaient avec des chiens. Une discussion est de fait initiĂ©e autour de la question de la diffusion du processus de domestication dans lâespace et dans le temps.We present in this paper new remains and direct radiocarbon dates of small canids from Le Morin rock shelter (Gironde, France) which constitute a major discovery with respect to the question of wolf domestication during the European Palaeolithic.In this study a multi-proxy approach has been employed, including species identification and a consideration of the archaeological and chronological context. The canidsâ remains have all been studied regarding their morphology, biometry and surface attributes. All dental and postcranial remains of canids were attributed to a species by using a thorough biometric database built from fossil and modern data from Europe. The morphometry of seven remains is outside the size range variability of wolves and therefore can be securely attributed to dog (Canis familiaris). Nineteen are attributed to wolf (Canis lupus) and six could not not be securely attributed to one sub-species or the other (Canis sp.). More than 50 % of these Canisremains bear anthropogenic marks that demonstrate the utilization of both wolves and dogs by late glacial human groups. Two of the dog remains from Le Morin rock shelter were directly dated and indicate that Magdalenian groups lived with dogs. A discussion is therefore developed in this article regarding the development of this domestication through time and space
Magdalenian dog remains from Le Morin rock-shelter (Gironde, France). Socio-economic implications of a zootechnical innovation
We present in this paper new remains and direct radiocarbon dates of small canids from Le Morin rock shelter (Gironde, France) which constitute a major discovery with respect to the question of wolf domestication during the European Palaeolithic.In this study a multi-proxy approach has been employed, including species identification and a consideration of the archaeological and chronological context. The canidsâ remains have all been studied regarding their morphology, biometry and surface attributes. All dental and postcranial remains of canids were attributed to a species by using a thorough biometric database built from fossil and modern data from Europe. The morphometry of seven remains is outside the size range variability of wolves and therefore can be securely attributed to dog (Canis familiaris). Nineteen are attributed to wolf (Canis lupus) and six could not not be securely attributed to one sub-species or the other (Canis sp.). More than 50Â % of these Canisremains bear anthropogenic marks that demonstrate the utilization of both wolves and dogs by late glacial human groups. Two of the dog remains from Le Morin rock shelter were directly dated and indicate that Magdalenian groups lived with dogs. A discussion is therefore developed in this article regarding the development of this domestication through time and space
Des restes de chiens magdalĂ©niens Ă lâabri du Morin (Gironde, France). Implications socio-Ă©conomiques dâune innovation zootechnique
De nouveaux restes dâun petit canidĂ©, directement datĂ©s, provenant de lâabri du Morin (Gironde, France) sont ici prĂ©sentĂ©s. Ils constituent des Ă©lĂ©ments essentiels pour discuter de la question de la domestication au cours du PalĂ©olithique en Europe.Dans cette Ă©tude, une approche pluridisciplinaire est mise en Ćuvre en confrontant lâanalyse des restes fauniques, des armatures lithiques de chasse et du cadre chronologique. Les restes de canidĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s dâun point de vue morphologique, mĂ©trique et archĂ©ozoologique. Les restes dentaires et post-crĂąniens ont Ă©tĂ© spĂ©cifiquement identifiĂ©s en utilisant un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel biomĂ©trique regroupant des donnĂ©es concernant des populations de loups et de chiens actuels et fossiles europĂ©ens. Sept des restes analysĂ©s, par leurs dimensions, sortent nettement de la variabilitĂ© des loups et peuvent de fait ĂȘtre clairement rapportĂ©s au chien (Canis familiaris). Dix-neuf restes sont attribuĂ©s au loup (Canis lupus) et six restes ne peuvent pas ĂȘtre rapportĂ©s Ă lâune ou Ă lâautre des espĂšces (Canis sp.). Plus de 50 % des restes de canidĂ©s portent des traces dâorigine anthropique attestant de lâexploitation tant du loup que du chien par les groupes humains du Tardiglaciaire. Les deux restes de chien datĂ©s indiquent que les groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs magdalĂ©niens vivaient avec des chiens. Une discussion est de fait initiĂ©e autour de la question de la diffusion du processus de domestication dans lâespace et dans le temps.We present in this paper new remains and direct radiocarbon dates of small canids from Le Morin rock shelter (Gironde, France) which constitute a major discovery with respect to the question of wolf domestication during the European Palaeolithic.In this study a multi-proxy approach has been employed, including species identification and a consideration of the archaeological and chronological context. The canidsâ remains have all been studied regarding their morphology, biometry and surface attributes. All dental and postcranial remains of canids were attributed to a species by using a thorough biometric database built from fossil and modern data from Europe. The morphometry of seven remains is outside the size range variability of wolves and therefore can be securely attributed to dog (Canis familiaris). Nineteen are attributed to wolf (Canis lupus) and six could not not be securely attributed to one sub-species or the other (Canis sp.). More than 50 % of these Canisremains bear anthropogenic marks that demonstrate the utilization of both wolves and dogs by late glacial human groups. Two of the dog remains from Le Morin rock shelter were directly dated and indicate that Magdalenian groups lived with dogs. A discussion is therefore developed in this article regarding the development of this domestication through time and space
Ours, hommes, hyÚnes : qui a occupé la grotte de Bourdette (Sainte-Colombe-en-Bruilhois, Lot-et-Garonne, France) ?
Ă cĂŽtĂ© dâabondants indices dâoccupation par lâOurs des cavernes (ossements, griffades, bauges), la grotte de Bourdette a livrĂ© les restes dâune vingtaine dâautres espĂšces ainsi que quelques vestiges lithiques. Une telle association de vestiges est a priori incompatible avec un fonctionnement seul de la grotte comme taniĂšre dâOurs. Pour parvenir Ă distinguer les diffĂ©rentes occupations de Bourdette, et pour en Ă©tablir la chronologie, une approche interdisciplinaire est ici dĂ©veloppĂ©e en incluant lâĂ©tude taphonomique des restes osseux, lâanalyse typotechnologique des piĂšces lithiques et la confrontation des diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments de chronologie disponibles (biochronologie, datations radiocarbone, attribution chronoculturelle des industries lithiques). Ă Bourdette se sont succĂ©dĂ© ours et hyĂšnes qui ont utilisĂ© la grotte comme taniĂšre et repaire, les derniĂšres y ayant ramenĂ© les ossements de leurs proies (essentiellement bovinĂ©s et chevaux). Les vestiges lithiques semblent eux provenir de remaniements depuis le plateau, sans quâaucune rĂ©elle occupation humaine du site ne puisse ĂȘtre dĂ©montrĂ©e. Les Ă©lĂ©ments de biochronologie et les datations radiocarbone disponibles sâaccordent pour placer les occupations du site aux alentours de 40 ka cal. BP. La prĂ©sence dâossements dâOurs rongĂ©s par les hyĂšnes permet dâaffirmer quâau moins une partie des occupations de la grotte par les ours et les hyĂšnes a Ă©tĂ© pseudo-contemporaine. Ă Bourdette, les os sont particuliĂšrement Ă©moussĂ©s, possiblement Ă la suite des circulations ursines (« charriage Ă sec ») : cette atteinte est si omniprĂ©sente quâelle a considĂ©rablement restreint lâĂ©tude taphonomique, obligeant Ă reconsidĂ©rer les critĂšres classiquement utilisĂ©s en taphonomie osseuse.In Bourdette, if evidences of cave bear occupation are omnipresent (in the form of bones, claw marks and beds), the cave also delivered remains of more than a dozen other species as well as some lithic artifacts. Such a combination of different materials cannot be fully explained by the sole function of the cave as a bear den. In order to distinguish the different types of occupations in Bourdette and to establish their chronology, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary study that brings together data from faunal taphonomy, lithic typotechnology, biochronology and radiocarbon dating. Both Cave bear and Hyena used Bourdette as a den, the latter bringing remains of its preys in the cave (mostly Bovines and Horse). The presence of lithic artifacts in Bourdette seems only to be the result of post-depositional transport, so that men probably never occupied the cave themselves. Biochronological data and radiocarbon dates both date the deposits around 40 ka cal. BP. Some bear bones were gnawed by hyenas, thus indicating that occupations of the cave by the two carnivores were, at least in part, broadly contemporaneous. The intensity of polishing is particularly intense on Bourdette bones, probably due to bear circulations in the cave (âcharriage Ă secâ), to the point that procedures used commonly in bone taphonomy were severely undermined
La Roque-Gageac â La grotte Maldidier
Les opĂ©rations de terrain menĂ©es depuis 2012 dans la grotte Maldidier, petite cavitĂ© qui surplombe la vallĂ©e de la Dordogne, ont pour objectif de caractĂ©riser dans le temps et lâespace, les occupations par les Hommes et les Carnivores au dĂ©but du PalĂ©olithique rĂ©cent. En 2015, les opĂ©rations de fouille se sont concentrĂ©es sur trois zones de la cavitĂ© (entrĂ©e, milieu de couloir et fond de la cavitĂ©). Le matĂ©riel recueilli est composĂ© de nombreux restes de faune, dâindustrie lithique, dâĂ©lĂ©ment..
Loups, chiens et sociétés du Paléolithique supérieur
Le processus de domestication du loup vraisemblablement initiĂ© au cours du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur, pose aujourdâhui encore de nombreuses questions en termes notamment dâanciennetĂ© du phĂ©nomĂšne et de sa diffusion au sein des diffĂ©rents groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs se succĂ©dant au cours de cette pĂ©riode. Pour tenter dâapporter de nouveaux Ă©lĂ©ments de discussion, de nouvelles analyses pluridisciplinaires ont rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© entreprises sur la Grotte Maldidier, lâAbri Pataud, lâAbri du Morin, lâAbri MĂšge, Rochereil, la Grotte-Abri du Moulin Ă Troubat et le Pont dâAmbon. Ce travail, Ă visĂ©e diachronique, permet de lancer une discussion concernant le statut sauvage ou domestique des grands CanidĂ©s dans ces contextes et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement dans les sĂ©ries du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur du Sud-Ouest de la France. Pour cette analyse, nous avons notamment croisĂ© biomĂ©trie et archĂ©ozoologie. Les donnĂ©es biomĂ©triques obtenues Ă partir des restes de CanidĂ©s participent Ă la diagnose taxinomique. Les Ă©tudes archĂ©ozoologique et taphonomique de lâensemble des vestiges fauniques associĂ©s Ă ces restes permettent quant Ă elle de documenter la prĂ©dation humaine et animale. Lâensemble de ces donnĂ©es nous permet donc de contextualiser la mise en place de cette innovation zootechnique majeure quâest la domestication ; et plus globalement, de questionner lâĂ©volution des relations Hommes-CanidĂ©s Ă travers les diffĂ©rents techno-complexes du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture
Pleistocene canids from southern France : biosystematic, evolution and biochronology
LâĂ©tude des faunes du Quaternaire sâinscrit dans une dynamique de connaissance des palĂ©oenvironnements et est de ce fait nĂ©cessaire pour mieux cerner les contraintes environnementales qui ont rythmĂ© la dispersion des hominidĂ©s sur lâensemble des continents. Le genre Canis, autour duquel nous avons axĂ© ce travail de recherche, prĂ©sente la particularitĂ© dâĂȘtre restĂ© constamment prĂ©sent en Europe occidentale depuis son apparition, il y a plus de trois millions dâannĂ©es, jusquâĂ aujourdâhui. Cette constance fait de lui, malgrĂ© son caractĂšre ubiquiste, un excellent tĂ©moin de lâĂ©volution des palĂ©oenvironnements.A travers lâanalyse de la variabilitĂ© des populations actuelles et lâĂ©tude de dix sĂ©ries fossiles du Sud de la France couvrant le PlĂ©istocĂšne, de nouveaux Ă©lĂ©ments de discussion sont avancĂ©s sur lâĂ©volution des reprĂ©sentants du genre. Nos rĂ©sultats, couplĂ©s Ă lâanalyse critique des donnĂ©es bibliographiques nous ont dĂšs lors permis de proposer une nouvelle phylogĂ©nie. Cette derniĂšre permet non seulement de mieux cerner les phases dâapparition et de dispersion des diffĂ©rentes espĂšces du genre Canis, mais Ă©galement de dĂ©montrer son potentiel biochronologique. Ainsi, trois grandes phases dans lâĂ©volution du genre ont pu ĂȘtre mises en Ă©vidence. La transition de ces espĂšces est corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă de grands Ă©vĂ©nements de lâhistoire des faunes quaternaires (bioevent) et autorise de ce fait lâutilisation de cette phylogĂ©nie Ă des fins biochronologiques ainsi quâune discussion autour des relations entre ces espĂšces et les palĂ©ocommunautĂ©s animales et humaines.Quaternary mammals form an important part of the material available for researchers focusing on paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Their study is thus often used to infer the environmental constraints that set the pace of human dispersal through the world. The genus Canis, main subject of this thesis, is present in Western Europe since its origin three million years ago. This continuous presence makes it a good candidate as a paleoenvironmental proxy, even when considering its ecological plasticity.The study of ten fossil sequences from Southern France spanning the Pleistocene, coupled with the analysis of the variability of modern populations, bring new insights on the evolution of the members of this lineage. Our results, once confronted to previous studies, allowed us to propose a new phylogeny. This new framework permits a better understanding of the apparition and disappearance of the different species, but also demonstrates the biochronological potential of the Canis genus. Three major phases have been identified in its evolutionary history. The transition between the different Canids is correlated with major events in the history of quaternary mammals (bioevent). Thus, its phylogeny can be used for biochronological purposes and has to be considered in the bigger debates that focus on the interactions between animal communities and human groups
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