Plan de empresa para una academia de eSports

[ES] En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado vamos a plantear la creación y puesta en marcha de una academia de eSports en Valencia. Los eSports son competiciones de videojuegos en los que los jugadores compiten entre ellos y que se están convirtiendo en todo un fenómeno de seguimiento y repercusión entre el público juvenil. Es un mercado en clara progresión y las expectativas son que aún vaya a más. La industria de los videojuegos es una de las más grandes que existen a nivel global y con una larga trayectoria. Es un mercado en el que prácticamente todas las personas han estado en contacto en algún momento de su vida, desde las primeras máquinas recreativas, hasta los juegos electrónicos de la actualidad. El crecimiento de esta industria es imparable y en el presente trabajo vamos a desarrollar los motivos y los impactos económicos y sociales que este sector está teniendo a nivel global. Clubes de deporte tradicional que mueven millones de personas tras ellas y millones de euros, están apostando e invirtiendo en este sector con la creación de equipos de deporte electrónico, entre ellos el FC Barcelona y Valencia CF a nivel nacional y equipos de la NBA (Liga de Baloncesto Estadounidense) a nivel global, grandes empresas, véase Movistar, lo que nos habla a las claras de las posibilidades, la expectación y el auge en el que se encuentra este sector. En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) desarrollaremos los datos económicos y estadísticas de seguimiento según las diversas fuentes consultadas. Algunos de ellos nos muestran que, según los datos aportados por la Asociación Española de Videojuegos, la facturación total de la industria supera los 1.479 Millones de Euros en España. Para la apertura de la presente academia, se necesita una gran inversión, ya que la inversión en el factor material debe ser alta, con los mejores equipos e instalaciones del mercado. Para más inri, según la Universidad Alemana del Deporte de Colonia, durante una partida un jugador profesional de eSports genera niveles de estrés similares a los profesionales del motor por lo que es necesario disponer de un buen factor humano en la formación de los alumnos. Pese a los prejuicios que rodean a este sector, los videojuegos no son únicamente pulsar unos botones, ya que, entran en juego muchos otros factores, como la fortaleza mental, la presión, el estrés y el control de las emociones, por lo que, es necesario la contratación de entrenadores, analistas y psicólogos, como desarrollaremos en el capítulo 7. En conclusión, creemos que es una gran posibilidad de negocio, con un segmento de mercado muy identificado y en el que hoy por hoy no existe demasiada competencia, que cuantificaremos en el capítulo 4, unido a la pasión y conocimiento que une a éste particular con el sector, al haber sido jugador profesional y participado en importantes competiciones nacionales e internacionales, han llevado a la motivación por la realización del presente estudio de viabilidad sobre la creación de una academia de eSports con la finalidad de proporcionar un entorno adecuado para la realización de la presente actividad que cada día arrastra a más personas.[EN] This Final Degree Project is based on the creation and start-up of an electronic games academy, developing the activities necessary for its creation. In this TFG, the environment surrounding the sector will be studied, marketing techniques will be carried out to disseminate the activity, the business and the roles assigned will be defined, and finally the economic viability of the project will be studied.Bosch Cisneros, R. (2020). Plan de empresa para una academia de eSports. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/149179TFG

Prepolarized MRI of Hard Tissues and Solid-State Matter

[EN] Prepolarized MRI (PMRI) is a long-established technique conceived to counteract the loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) inherent to low-field MRI systems. When it comes to hard biological tissues and solid-state matter, PMRI is severely restricted by their ultra-short characteristic relaxation times. Here we demonstrate that efficient hard-tissue prepolarization is within reach with a special-purpose 0.26 T scanner designed for ex vivo dental MRI and equipped with suitable high-power electronics. We have characterized the performance of a 0.5 T prepolarizer module, which can be switched on and off in 200 mu s. To this end, we have used resin, dental and bone samples, all with T1$${\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{1}}$$ times of the order of 20 ms at our field strength. The measured SNR enhancement is in good agreement with a simple theoretical model, and deviations in extreme regimes can be attributed to mechanical vibrations due to the magnetic interaction between the prepolarization and main magnets.Agencia Valenciana de la Innovaci~o; European Regional Development Fund; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci~on of Spain through research grant PID2019-111436RBC21. Action co-financed by the European Union through the Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020 (IDIFEDER/2018/022). JMG and JB acknowledge support from the Innodocto program of the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacion (INNTA3/2020/22 and INNTA3/2021/17); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci~on of Spain, Grant/Award Number: PID2019-111436RB-C21; Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana, Grant/Award Number: IDIFEDER/2018/022; Innodocto program of the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacion, Grant/Award Numbers: INNTA3/2020/22, INNTA3/2021/17Borreguero-Morata, J.; González Hernández, JM.; Pallás Lodeiro, E.; Rigla, JP.; Algarín-Guisado, JM.; Bosch-Esteve, R.; Galve, F.... (2022). Prepolarized MRI of Hard Tissues and Solid-State Matter. NMR in Biomedicine. 35(8):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.473711035

Relación entre condiciones sociodemográficas y conocimiento sobre riesgo preconcepcional en mujeres en edad fértil

Fundamento: la disminución de la mortalidad materno-infantil es una de las prioridades del Ecuador, de ahí la importancia del control de los factores de riesgo preconcepcional.Objetivo: determinar la relación entre condiciones sociodemográficas y conocimiento sobre riesgo preconcepcional en mujeres en edad fértil.Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, realizado desde enero a junio de 2016, que incluyó 50 mujeres en edad fértil del Barrio Lourdes, Riobamba, Ecuador. Se aplicó una entrevista estructurada, validada por expertos, que midió condiciones  sociodemográficas y conocimiento en las siguientes  dimensiones: edad adecuada para embarazarse, antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables; edad intergenésica, uso de anticonceptivos, concepto de riesgo preconcepcional, peso ideal, enfermedades crónicas y embarazo, hábitos tóxicos  y embarazo. Se utilizó la prueba estadística de Fisher y Chi cuadrado para determinar la relación entre las variables con un nivel de significado de p&lt;0,05.Resultados: el 52 % de las mujeres estaba entre 25-34 años, 82 % son mestizas; 40 % casadas; 50 % alcanzó el bachillerato; 50 % eran amas de casa y 72 % poseía nivel socioeconómico regular. Predominó el conocimiento no satisfactorio (76 %); mostraron correlación la dimensión concepto de riesgo preconcepcional  y etnia (p= 0,03), el estado civil y  la ocupación con el  conocimiento de la  dimensión hábitos tóxicos (p = 0,018) y con nivel económico (p= 0,001). Además existió relación entre dimensión peso ideal y edad (p=0,019).Conclusiones: la etnia fue la condición socioeconómica que más influyó en el bajo conocimiento sobre riesgo preconcepcional; el estado civil, ocupación, nivel económico y la edad influyeron en el conocimiento sobre  factores de riesgo.</p

Gene therapy for overexpressing Neuregulin 1 type I in skeletal muscles promotes functional improvement in the SOD1G93A ALS mice

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marato-TV3: TV3201428-10 ; AFM-Telethon: 20289Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motoneurons (MNs), with no effective treatment currently available. The molecular mechanisms that are involved in MN death are complex and not fully understood, with partial contributions of surrounding glial cells and skeletal muscle to the disease. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a trophic factor highly expressed in MNs and neuromuscular junctions. Recent studies have suggested a crucial role of the isoform I (NRG1-I) in the collateral reinnervation process in skeletal muscle, and NRG1-III in the preservation of MNs in the spinal cord, opening a window for developing novel therapies for neuromuscular diseases like ALS. In this study, we overexpressed NRG1-I widely in the skeletal muscles of the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse. The results show that NRG1 gene therapy activated the survival pathways in muscle and spinal cord, increasing the number of surviving MNs and neuromuscular junctions and reducing the astroglial reactivity in the spinal cord of the treated SOD1G93A mice. Furthermore, NRG1-I overexpression preserved motor function and delayed the onset of clinical disease. In summary, our data indicates that NRG1 plays an important role on MN survival and muscle innervation in ALS, and that viral-mediated overexpression of NRG1 isoforms may be considered as a promising approach for ALS treatment

Knowledge about spychologocal violence and its relation with psycho- social factors in young adult women

Foundation: psychological violence is a multifactorial phenomenon associated to bio-social factors which promote it. It still is a health problem. Objective: to determine knowledge about psychological violence and their relation with bio-social factors in Young adult women. Methods: cross descriptive study realized at the Lacas San Vicente neighborhood, Ecuador from January to June 2016. The universe of 146 young adult women (20 – 39 years old) was applied a questionnaire, validated by a group of experts, structured in two parts: an initial one which collected data about socio-demographic variables and another one with a knowledge test. For the relationship among variables it was used the squared-chi test with a level of significance lower than 5 % (p=&lt; 0,05). Results: 28% were between 20 and 24 years old similarly to the 30-34 age group; 49% are housewives and of elementary schooling; 68% had a stable partnership; 71% lives with their partners who consume alcoholic beverages; 60% had antecedents of violence at home. The 99% are catholic; 43% formed a nuclear family. The non-satisfactory knowledge about psychological violence predominated (98%); 76% did not know about laws and ways of preventing violence; 99% did not know about the consequences of psychological violence. A statistically significant relation was found between the non-satisfactory knowledge and the level of instruction (p=0, 02) and occupation (p=0,004). Conclusion: knowledge about psychological violence is not satisfactory; the low instruction and the lack of labor relationship promote ignorance

Are the hosts of gamma-ray bursts sub-luminous and blue galaxies?

We present K-band imaging observations of ten gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies for which an optical and/or radio afterglow associated with the GRB event was clearly identified. Data were obtained with the Very Large Telescope and New Technology Telescope at ESO (Chile), and with the Gemini-North telescope at Mauna Kea (Hawaii). Adding to our sample nine other GRB hosts with K-band photometry and determined redshifts published in the literature, we compare their observed and absolute K magnitudes as well as their R − K colours with those of other distant sources detected in various optical, nearinfrared, mid-infrared and submillimeter deep surveys. We find that the GRB host galaxies, most of them lying at 0.5 ≲ z ≲ 1.5, exhibit very blue colours, comparable to those of the faint blue star-forming sources at high redshift. They are sub-luminous in the K-band, suggesting a low stellar mass content. We do not find any GRB hosts harbouring R- and K-band properties similar to those characterizing the luminous infrared/submillimeter sources and the extremely red starbursts. Should GRBs be regarded as an unbiased probe of star-forming activity, this lack of luminous and/or reddened objects among the GRB host sample might reveal that the detection of GRB optical afterglows is likely biased toward unobscured galaxies. It would moreover support the idea that a large fraction of the optically-dark GRBs occur within dust-enshrouded regions of star formation. On the other hand, our result might also simply reflect intrinsic properties of GRB host galaxies experiencing a first episode of very massive star formation and characterized by a rather weak underlying stellar population. Finally, we compute the absolute B magnitudes for the whole sample of GRB host galaxies with known redshifts and detected at optical wavelengths. We find that the latter appear statistically even less luminous than the faint blue sources which mostly contributed to the B-band light emitted at high redshift. This indicates that the formation of GRBs could be favoured in particular systems with very low luminosities and, therefore, low metallicities. Such an intrinsic bias toward metal-poor environments would be actually consistent with what can be expected from the currently-favoured scenario of the “collapsar”. The forthcoming launch of the SWIFT mission at the end of 2003 will provide a dramatic increase of the number of GRB-selected sources. A detailed study of the chemical composition of the gas within this sample of galaxies will thus allow us to further analyse the potential effect of metallicity in the formation of GRB events.Instituto de Astrofísica de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Simultaneous imaging of hard and soft biological tissues in a low-field dental MRI scanner

[EN] Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of hard biological tissues is challenging due to the fleeting lifetime and low strength of their response to resonant stimuli, especially at low magnetic fields. Consequently, the impact of MRI on some medical applications, such as dentistry, continues to be limited. Here, we present three-dimensional reconstructions of ex-vivo human teeth, as well as a rabbit head and part of a cow femur, all obtained at a field strength of 260 mT. These images are the first featuring soft and hard tissues simultaneously at sub-Tesla fields, and they have been acquired in a home-made, special-purpose, pre-medical MRI scanner designed with the goal of demonstrating dental imaging at low field settings. We encode spatial information with two pulse sequences: Pointwise-Encoding Time reduction with Radial Acquisition and a new sequence we have called Double Radial Non-Stop Spin Echo, which we find to perform better than the former. For image reconstruction we employ Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) as well as standard Fourier methods. An analysis of the resulting images shows that ART reconstructions exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio with a more homogeneous noise distribution.We thank anonymous donors for their tooth samples, Andrew Webb and Thomas O'Reilly (LUMC) for discussions on hardware and pulse sequences, and Antonio Tristan (UVa) for information on reconstruction techniques. This work was supported by the European Commission under Grants 737180 (FET-OPEN: HISTO-MRI) and 481 (ATTRACT: DentMRI). Action co-financed by the European Union through the Programa Operativo del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) of the Comunitat Valenciana 2014-2020 (IDIFEDER/2018/022). 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Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion by flow cytometry reveals the presence of nucleoprotein-reactive antibodies in unexposed individuals

There is an ongoing need of developing sensitive and specific methods for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. For this purpose, we have developed a multiplexed flow cytometric bead array (C19BA) that allows the identification of IgG and IgM antibodies against three immunogenic proteins simultaneously: the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), the spike protein subunit 1 (S1) and the nucleoprotein (N). Using different cohorts of samples collected before and after the pandemic, we show that this assay is more sensitive than ELISAs performed in our laboratory. The combination of three viral antigens allows for the interrogation of full seroconversion. Importantly, we have detected N-reactive antibodies in COVID-19-negative individuals. Here we present an immunoassay that can be easily implemented and has superior potential to detect low antibody titers compared to current gold standard serology methods.Acknowledgements: We thank Petros Tyrakis and Iván Martínez-Forero for critical reading and editing of the manuscript. Support was provided by the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation from MCIU (SEV-2016-0644) and the SPRI I+D COVID-19 fund (Gobierno Vasco). Personal fellowships: A.A.-V. (La Caixa Inphinit LCF/BQ/DR20/11790022), A.B. (AECC Bizkaia), A.G.d.R (Bikaintek), A.P. (Ramón y Cajal), B.J.-L. (Gob. Vasco), and E.P.-F. (Juan de la Cierva-Formación). M.L.M.-C. acknowledges RTC2019-007125-1, DTS20/00138, SAF2017-87301-R, and BBVA UMBRELLA project. M.L.-H. acknowledges the ISCIII for grant COV20-0170 and the Government of Cantabria for grant 2020UIC22-PUB-0019. O.M., J.-M.M., and N.G.A.A. acknowledge the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) for grants CTQ2015-68756-R, RTI2018-101269-BI00, and RTI2018-095700-B-I00, respectively. A.P. has received grant funding from the European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement number 804236 (Horizon 2020), and the FERO Foundation