Guia per a l’elaboració de projectes en un centre educatiu. Exemples d´indicadors d’avaluació

Els centres educatius, en el marc de l’autonomia de centre, disposen d’unes eines organitzatives i de gestió que han de permetre posar en pràctica el Projecte Educatiu del Centre (PEC) per tal de contribuir als objectius marcats en el sistema educatiu català, que són l’èxit escolar i l’excel·lència educativa en un marc d’escola inclusiva. Per desenvolupar les línies del PEC, els centres dissenyen diferents projectes concebuts com un conjunt d’activitats, planificades com un procés, interrelacionades i coordinades entre si que es porten a terme per satisfer una necessitat o un problem

Protective factors of ethical conflict during a pandemic-quali-ethics-COVID-19 research part 2: an international qualitative study

Aims and Objectives: To determine which factors can be considered protective ofethical conflicts in intensive care unit healthcare professionals during a pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic gave rise to new ethical concerns in relation to the management of public health and the limitations on personal freedom. Continued exposure to ethical conflict can have a range of psychological consequences.Design: A qualitative design based on phenomenological approach.Methods: A total of 38 nurses and physicians who were regular staff members of Barcelona and Milan's public tertiary university hospitals and working in intensive care units during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured online indepth interviews were conducted. A thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers following the seven steps of Colaizzi's methods. We adhere COREQ guidelines.Results: One theme 'Protective factors of ethical conflict in sanitary crisis' and four subthemes emerged from the data: (1) knowledge of the infectious disease, (2) good communication environment, (3) psychological support and (4) keeping the same work team together. Conclusions: Four elements can be considered protective factors of ethical conflict for healthcare professionals during a sanitary crisis. While some of these factors have already been described, the joint identification of this set of four factors as a single element is, in itself, novel. This should help in ensuring the right mechanisms are inplace to face future pandemics and should serve to improve institutional organisation and guarantee safe and high-quality patient care in times of heath care crisis. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Future strategies for the prevention of ethical conflict during sanitary crises, pandemics or other catastrophes need to consider a set of four factors as a single element. These factors are the knowledge of the infectious disease,a good communication environment, psychological support and keeping the same work team together into joint consideration

Outbreak caused by Escherichia coli O18:K1:H7 sequence type 95 in a neonatal intensive care unit in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of late-onset neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study was to characterize an outbreak of neonatal sepsis occurring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from April to August 2013. Methods: After presentation of the index case, all E. coli isolates from previously hospitalized neonates, health care workers, and neonates admitted to the NICU from April to October 2013 were tested for K1 antigen positivity and epidemiologically compared by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the E. coli K1 strains collected from neonates during this period were analyzed by different methods (serotyping, phylotyping, PCR of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, and 'in vitro' assays in HMBEC). Results: An E. coli O18:K1:H7 sequence type 95 and phylogenetical group B2 strain was the cause of the outbreak involving 6 preterm neonates: one with late septicemia due to a urinary focus and 5 with late-onset septicemia and meningitis, 3 of whom died. All showed the same pulsotype, full resistance to ampicillin and intermediate resistance to gentamicin. The outbreak strain carried the PAI IIJ96-like domain that could explain the high-grade bacteremia necessary to develop meningitis. Conclusions: All the E. coli isolates responsible for this outbreak belonged to a single clone suggesting a common source of infection, and it was categorized as O18:K1:H7. Despite the bacteria's pathogenicity has an important role in the severity of infection, the host-associated factors were crucial for the fatal outcomes

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards

Chromosome banding analysis and genomic microarrays are both useful but not equivalent methods for genomic complexity risk stratification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients

Genome complexity has been associated with poor outcome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Previous cooperative studies established five abnormalities as the cut-off that best predicts an adverse evolution by chromosome banding analysis (CBA) and genomic microarrays (GM). However, data comparing risk stratification by both methods are scarce. Herein, we assessed a cohort of 340 untreated CLL patients highly enriched in cases with complex karyotype (CK) (46.5%) with parallel CBA and GM studies. Abnormalities found by both techniques were compared. Prognostic stratification in three risk groups based on genomic complexity (0-2, 3- 4 and ¿5 abnormalities) was also analyzed. No significant differences in the percentage of patients in each group were detected, but only a moderate agreement was observed between methods when focusing on individual cases (kappa=0.507; P<0.001). Discordant classification was obtained in 100 patients (29.4%), including 3% classified in opposite risk groups. Most discrepancies were technique-dependent and no greater correlation in the number of abnormalities was achieved when different filtering strategies were applied for GM. Nonetheless, both methods showed a similar concordance index for prediction of time to first treatment (TTFT) (CBA: 0.67 vs. GM: 0.65) and overall survival (CBA: 0.55 vs. GM: 0.57)

Recerca d'informació a Internet pels estudiants universitaris: estratègies, criteris i propostes de millora

En aquesta comunicació s'analitza el comportament d'un grup d'estudiants universitaris en la recerca /ni gestió d'informació a Internet per a l'elaboració de treballs de recerca. En primer lloc, s’han /nanalitzat treballs elaborats per alumnes i se n’ha extret la informació relativa a les fonts consultades /ni citades. Addicionalment, els estudiants han omplert un qüestionari en què han reflectit les seves /nestratègies de recerca, per una banda, i els criteris utilitzats per valorar la informació obtinguda, per /nl'altra. A partir d’aquí, els investigadors hem valorat i contrastat els criteris de valoració que han /nutilitzat els estudiants participants en l'estudi. Finalment, hem inclòs algunes consideracions que /nproposen estratègies de millora de la recerca a la universitat.In this paper the behavior in the research and management of information in Internet for the /nelaboration of research works of a group of university students is analyzed. In first place, students /nworks have been analyzed and it has been extracted the information related to the consulted and /nquoted sources. Additionally, the students have filled in a questionnaire in which they have reflected /ntheir research strategies, on the one hand, and the criteria used for valuing this information, for the /nother one. From here, we have evaluated and have contrasted the valuing criteria the participant /nstudents in the study have used. Finally, we have included some improvement strategies in order to /nimprove the students research at university