Адаптація в українській термінології іншомовних лексем на позначення засобів розміщення туристів

Розглянуто шляхи та причини запозичення іншомовної лексики на позначення засобів розміщення туристів, подано значення окремих запозичених лексем.The article studies the ways and reasons for lexical units denoting tourist accommodation borrowing. The meanings of some borrowed terms are given

Overrepresentation of IL-17A and IL-22 Producing CD8 T Cells in Lesional Skin Suggests Their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis

Background: Although recent studies indicate a crucial role for IL-17A and IL-22 producing T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, limited information is available on their frequency and heterogeneity and their distribution in skin in situ. Methodology/Principal Findings: By spectral imaging analysis of double-stained skin sections we demonstrated that IL-17 was mainly expressed by mast cells and neutrophils and IL-22 by macrophages and dendritic cells. Only an occasional IL-17(pos), but no IL-22(pos) T cell could be detected in psoriatic skin, whereas neither of these cytokines was expressed by T cells in normal skin. However, examination of in vitro-activated T cells by flow cytometry revealed that substantial percentages of skin-derived CD4 and CD8 T cells were able to produce IL-17A alone or together with IL-22 (i.e. Th17 and Tc17, respectively) or to produce IL-22 in absence of IL-17A and IFN-gamma (i.e. Th22 and Tc22, respectively). Remarkably, a significant proportional rise in Tc17 and Tc22 cells, but not in Th17 and Th22 cells, was found in T cells isolated from psoriatic versus normal skin. Interestingly, we found IL-22 single-producers in many skin-derived IL-17A(pos) CD4 and CD8 T cell clones, suggesting that in vivo IL-22 single-producers may arise from IL-17A(pos) T cells as well. Conclusions/Significance: The increased presence of Tc17 and Tc22 cells in lesional psoriatic skin suggests that these types of CD8 T cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. As part of the skin-derived IL-17A(pos) CD4 and CD8 T clones developed into IL-22 single-producers, this demonstrates plasticity in their cytokine production profile and suggests a developmental relationship between Th17 and Th22 cells and between Tc17 and Tc22 cell

The heat-pipe resembling action of boiling bubbles in endovenous laser ablation

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) produces boiling bubbles emerging from pores within the hot fiber tip and traveling over a distal length of about 20 mm before condensing. This evaporation-condensation mechanism makes the vein act like a heat pipe, where very efficient heat transport maintains a constant temperature, the saturation temperature of 100°C, over the volume where these non-condensing bubbles exist. During EVLA the above-mentioned observations indicate that a venous cylindrical volume with a length of about 20 mm is kept at 100°C. Pullback velocities of a few mm/s then cause at least the upper part of the treated vein wall to remain close to 100°C for a time sufficient to cause irreversible injury. In conclusion, we propose that the mechanism of action of boiling bubbles during EVLA is an efficient heat-pipe resembling way of heating of the vein wall

Plasma amyloid-β40 in relation to subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to determine associations of plasma amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) with subclinical atherosclerosis and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population. METHODS Between 2002 and 2005, plasma Aβ40 was measured by single molecule array (SiMoA®) in 3879 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age: 71 years, 61% female). Subclinical atherosclerosis was quantified as computed tomography-assessed calcification volumes. We determined the association of Aβ40 with calcification volumes and clinical ASCVD event risk, and repeated the analyses for ASCVD in a replication cohort of 1467 individuals. RESULTS Higher levels of Aβ40 were associated with increased volumes of calcification in the coronary arteries and to a lesser extent extracranial carotid arteries, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Of all 3879 participants, 748 developed ASCVD during a median 9.7 years of follow-up. In age- and sex-adjusted models, higher Aβ40 predisposed to a minor increase in ASCVD risk (HR [95%CI]: 1.11[1.02-1.21] per 1-SD increase in Aβ40), driven by coronary heart disease (HR: 1.17[1.05-1.29]) rather than stroke (HR: 1.04[0.93-1.16]). However, excess risk of clinical outcomes was largely explained by baseline differences in cardiovascular risk factors and attenuated after further adjustment (for ASCVD- HR: 1.05[0.96-1.15] and for CHD- HR: 1.08[0.96-1.20]). Results were similar in the replication cohort, with highest risk estimates for CHD (HR: 1.24[1.04-1.48]) in age- and sex-adjusted models, attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (HR: 1.15[0.96-1.39]). CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, higher plasma amyloid-β40 is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, but not risk of first-ever ASCVD after accounting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Diagnostic Leukapheresis Product of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Comparing CellSearch® and ISET

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected by CellSearch are prognostic in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but rarely found. CTCs can be extracted from the blood together with mononuclear cell populations by diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA), therefore concentrating them. However, CellSearch can only process limited DLA volumes (≈2 mL). Therefore, we established a protocol to enumerate CTCs in DLA products with Isolation by SizE of Tumor cells (ISET), and compared CTC counts between CellSearch® and ISET. DLA was performed in NSCLC patients who started a new therapy. With an adapted protocol, ISET could process 10 mL of DLA. CellSearch detected CTCs in a volume equaling 2 × 108 leukocytes (mean 2 mL). CTC counts per mL were compared. Furthermore, the live cell protocol of ISET was tested in eight patients. ISET successfully processed all DLA products—16 with the fixed cell protocol and 8 with the live cell protocol. In total, 10–20 mL of DLA was processed. ISET detected CTCs in 88% (14/16), compared to 69% (11/16, p < 0.05) with CellSearch. ISET also detected higher number of CTCs (ISET median CTC/mL = 4, interquartile range [IQR] = 2–6, CellSearch median CTC/mL = 0.9, IQR = 0–1.8, p < 0.01). Cells positive for the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM+) per mL were detected in similar counts by both methods. Eight patients were processed with the live cell protocol. All had EpCAM+, CD45−, CD235- cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Overall, ISET processed larger volumes and detected higher CTC counts compared to CellSearch. EpCAM+ CTCs were detected in comparable rates

Leukapheresis increases circulating tumour cell yield in non-small cell lung cancer, counts related to tumour response and survival

Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) can be used to monitor cancer longitudinally, but their use in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited due to low numbers in the peripheral blood. Through diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA) CTCs can be obtained from larger blood volumes. Methods: Patients with all stages of NSCLC were selected. One total body blood volume was screened by DLA before and after treatment. Peripheral blood was drawn pre- and post DLA for CTC enumeration by CellSearch. CTCs were detected in the DLA product (volume equalling 2 × 108 leucocytes) and after leucocyte depletion (RosetteSep, 9 mL DLA product). Single-cell, whole-genome sequencing was performed on isolated CTCs. Results: Fifty-six patients were included. Before treatment, CTCs were more often detected in DLA (32/55, 58%) than in the peripheral blood (pre-DLA: 18/55, 33%; post DLA: 13/55, 23%, both at p < 0.01). CTCs per 7.5 mL DLA product were median 9.2 times (interquartile range = 5.6–24.0) higher than CTCs in 7.5 mL blood. RosetteSEP did not significantly improve CTC detection (pretreatment: 34/55, 62%, post treatment: 16/34, 47%) and CTCs per mL even decreased compared to DLA (p = 0.04). Patients with advanced-stage disease with DLA-CTC after treatment showed fewer tumour responses and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than those without DLA-CTC (median PFS, 2.0 vs 12.0 months, p < 0.01). DLA-CTC persistence after treatment was independent of clinical factors associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–35.5, p = 0.02). All evaluable CTCs showed aneuploidy. Conclusions: DLA detected nine times more CTCs than in the peripheral blood. The sustained presence of CTCs in DLA after treatment was associated with therapy failure and shortened PFS. Trial registration: The study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee (NL55754.042.15) and was registered in the Dutch trial register (NL5423)

Shared transcriptional control and disparate gain and loss of aphid parasitism genes

This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M014207/1 to SEvdA), European Research Council (310190- APHIDHOST to JIBB), and Royal Society of Edinburgh (fellowship to JIBB).Aphids are a diverse group of taxa that contain agronomically important species, which vary in their host range and ability to infest crop plants. The genome evolution underlying agriculturally important aphid traits is not well understood. We generated draft genome assemblies for two aphid species: Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid), and the cereal specialist Rhopalosiphum padi. Using a de novo gene prediction pipeline on both these, and three additional aphid genome assemblies (Acyrthosiphon pisum, D. noxia and M. persicae), we show that aphid genomes consistently encode similar gene numbers. We compare gene content, gene duplication, synteny, and putative effector repertoires between these five species to understand the genome evolution of globally important plant parasites. Aphid genomes show signs of relatively distant gene duplication, and substantial, relatively recent, gene birth. Putative effector repertoires, originating from duplicated and other loci have an unusual genomic organisation and evolutionary history. We identify a highly conserved effector-pair that is tightly physically-linked in the genomes of all aphid species tested. In R. padi, this effector pair is tightly transcriptionally-linked, and shares an unknown transcriptional control mechanism with a subset of approximately 50 other putative effectors and secretory proteins. This study extends our current knowledge on the evolution of aphid genomes and reveals evidence for an as of yet unknown shared control mechanism, which underlies effector expression, and ultimately plant parasitism.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Atherosclerotic calcification is related to a higher risk of dementia and cognitive decline

Background: Longitudinal data on the role of atherosclerosis in different vessel beds in the etiology of cognitive impairmen

Identifying relevant determinants of in-hospital time to diagnosis for ANCA-associated vasculitis patients

OBJECTIVES: Diagnosing patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) can be challenging owing to its rarity and complexity. Diagnostic delay can have severe consequences, such as chronic organ damage or even death. Given that few studies have addressed diagnostic pathways to identify opportunities to improve, we performed a clinical audit to evaluate the diagnostic phase. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study of electronic medical records data in hospitals focused on diagnostic procedures during the first assessment until diagnosis. RESULTS: We included 230 AAV patients from nine hospitals. First assessments were mainly performed by a specialist in internal medicine (52%), pulmonology (14%), ENT (13%) or rheumatology (10%). The overall median time to diagnosis was 13 [interquartile range: 2–49] days, and in patients primarily examined by a specialist in internal medicine it was 6 [1–25] days, rheumatology 14 [4–45] days, pulmonology 15 [5–70] days and ENT 57 [16–176] days (P = 0.004). Twenty-two of 31 (71%) patients primarily assessed by a specialist in ENT had non-generalized disease, of whom 14 (64%) had ENT-limited activity. Two hundred and nineteen biopsies were performed in 187 patients (81%). Histopathological support for AAV was observed in 86% of kidney biopsies, 64% of lung biopsies and 34% of ENT biopsies. CONCLUSION: In The Netherlands, AAV is diagnosed and managed predominantly by internal medicine specialists. Diagnostic delay was associated with non-generalized disease and ENT involvement at presentation. Additionally, ENT biopsies had a low diagnostic yield, in contrast to kidney and lung biopsies. Awareness of this should lead to more frequent consideration of AAV and early referral for a multidisciplinary approach when AAV is suspected