2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Pathogenic associations with yellows disease of Dodonaea viscosa in Hawaiʻi

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-93)Microfiche.x, 93 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cmDodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. in Hawai'i is afflicted with a severe yellowing disorder with symptoms which include the production of pendulous, chlorotic witches' brooms, a decrease in leaf size combined with the distortion of leaf lamina, the suppression of flowering, and progressive defoliation leading to the eventual death of afflicted plants. The disease was first reported in 1984 occurring in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawai'i and has since been observed on the islands of Kauai, Maui, and Oahu. Field studies initiated in 1988 and continued over a three year period indicate a slow rate of spread of the disease based upon visual symptom expression. Viruslike particles 16 nm in diameter and 700 nm in length and double-stranded RNA of molecular weight 3 X 106 daltons were isolated from diseased plants but were absent from healthy plants. DNA complementary to dsRNA was cloned in E. coli and shown to be of non-host origin. Leaves from symptomatic and symptomless plants collected from field sites on Hawai'i, Maui, and Kauai were tested with a probe prepared from the highly conserved 165 ribosomal gene of Western X MLO, which has been shown to reliably detect MLOs from a wide range of hosts. On all the islands sampled, 80% of the symptomatic plants and 33% of the symptomless plants growing near diseased plants tested positively with this probe. Leaves and roots of healthy plants grown from seed collected from symptomless D. viscosa did not react with this probe. Pleiomorphic bodies resembling MLOs were observed in phloem tissues of diseased plants using DAPI staining and transmission electron microscopy. Such structures were not observed in healthy plants grown from seed. Partial alleviation of symptoms on diseased plants was noted following stem injections of oxytetracycline at 100 µg/ml. Attempts to transmit MLOs between D. viscosa and Catharanthus roseus by Cuscuta sandwichiana and C. campestris were not successful. The evidence suggests a complex etiology for the yellows disease of Dodonaea viscosa in Hawai'i which includes both viral and mycoplasmal agents

Effects of Synthetic Cecropin Analogs on in Vitro Growth of Acholeplasma laidlawii

Four synthetic peptides (Peptidyl MIMs; Demeter Biotechnologies, Inc.) were evaluated for their in vitro activity against Acholeplasma laidlawii . Fifty percent effective concentration values ranged from 1 to 15 μM. Three of these compounds are more lethal than cecropin B against A. laidlawii

Tomato Spotted Wilt

This article describes the symptoms and spread of tomato spotted wilt, management techniques, and the future of biotechnology in the fight against tomato spotted wilt

Analysis of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt Associated Virus -1 and -2 for Potential RNA Silencing Suppressors and Pathogenicity Factors

Higher plants use RNA silencing to defend against viral infections. As a counter defense, plant viruses have evolved proteins that suppress RNA silencing. Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP), an important disease of pineapple, has been associated with at least three distinct viruses, Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1, -2, and -3 (PMWaV-1, -2, and -3). Selected open reading frames (ORFs) of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 were screened for their local and systemic suppressor activities in Agrobacterium-mediated transient assays using green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Results indicate that PMWaV-2 utilizes a multiple-component RNA silencing suppression mechanism. Two proteins, p20 and CP, target both local and systemic silencing in N. benthamiana, while the p22 and CPd proteins target only systemic silencing. In the related virus PMWaV-1, we found that only one of the encoded proteins, p61, had only systemic suppressor activity. Of all the proteins tested from both viruses, only the PMWaV-2 p20 protein suppressed local silencing induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), but only when low levels of inducing dsRNA were used. None of the proteins analyzed could interfere with the short distance spread of silencing. We examined the mechanism of systemic suppression activity by investigating the effect of PMWaV-2-encoded p20 and CP proteins on secondary siRNAs. Our results suggest that the PMWaV-2 p20 and CP proteins block the systemic silencing signal by repressing production of secondary siRNAs. We also demonstrate that the PMWaV-2 p20 and p22 proteins enhanced the pathogenicity of Potato virus X in N. benthamiana

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV