POETIC TEXT AND ITS ICONOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION: THE AKATHISTOS HYMN IN THE RUSSIAN AND CRETAN RELIGIOUS ART

This paper focuses on topics relevant to the visual interpretation of poetic verbal texts in their source culture as well as the target culture for which they were translated. The research was realized on fresco and icon cycles that illustrate the poetic text of the Akathistos Hymn. The Greek original text of the hymn is examined in contrast to its Slavonic translation through a parallel comparative analysis of their iconographic interpretations in Russian and Cretan religious art. Seeing as they have never been comparatively studied before, this analysis provides fertile ground for interesting discoveries and research. The Cretan tradition is studied through two complete Akathistos fresco cycles (from the church in the village of Roustica and the cathedral of Valsamonero Monastery), four incomplete Akathistos fresco cycles from the 14th – early 15th century, and the margin scenes on the icon of Panagia Galactotrofousa (1748) by G. Kastrofilakas. The Russian tradition is studied through a fresco cycle from the Ferapontov monastery (approx. 1500) by Dionisius, and the margin scenes on six Russian icons representing different iconographic schools of the 16th – early 17th century. The differences between these two iconographic traditions in regard to the text’s interpretation are divided into two categories: a) those related to the differences between the original text and its Slavonic translation; and b) those related to the different connotations of the original text and its Slavonic translation in the source and target cultures. Typical examples of both categories are presented. As far as the first category is concerned, we discuss whether the variations of the cycle structure in the Russian tradition were caused by the absence of the alphabet acrostic in the Slavonic translation. The second category is studied both through examples of different fragments of the same poetic text illustrated by painters and through different symbolic verbal image interpretations by means of visual art in both traditions. The results of the comparative analysis demonstrate that Cretan painters were more creative in the visual interpretation of the poetic text’s symbolic background due to the fact that they interpreted the original text of the hymn in the context of the culture in which it was created. This provides numerous verbal and non-verbal connotations for each verbal sign of the text. On the other hand, the Russian iconographic tradition did not have this direct contact with the text due to the translation process it had gone through, as well as due to the semiotic gap between the source and the target culture. This is why it failed to display an equally as large number of symbolic interpretations. However, it did discover and emphasize other messages and connotations of the same poetic text which became more important in the context of that other culture. Therefore, the comparative study of religious art traditions helps us understand the various ways a single text that has close ties to the semiotic features of different cultures can be perceived and interpreted in said cultures.This paper focuses on topics relevant to the visual interpretation of poetic verbal texts in their source culture as well as the target culture for which they were translated. The research was realized on fresco and icon cycles that illustrate the poetic text of the Akathistos Hymn. The Greek original text of the hymn is examined in contrast to its Slavonic translation through a parallel comparative analysis of their iconographic interpretations in Russian and Cretan religious art. Seeing as they have never been comparatively studied before, this analysis provides fertile ground for interesting discoveries and research. The Cretan tradition is studied through two complete Akathistos fresco cycles (from the church in the village of Roustica and the cathedral of Valsamonero Monastery), four incomplete Akathistos fresco cycles from the 14th – early 15th century, and the margin scenes on the icon of Panagia Galactotrofousa (1748) by G. Kastrofilakas. The Russian tradition is studied through a fresco cycle from the Ferapontov monastery (approx. 1500) by Dionisius, and the margin scenes on six Russian icons representing different iconographic schools of the 16th – early 17th century. The differences between these two iconographic traditions in regard to the text’s interpretation are divided into two categories: a) those related to the differences between the original text and its Slavonic translation; and b) those related to the different connotations of the original text and its Slavonic translation in the source and target cultures. Typical examples of both categories are presented. As far as the first category is concerned, we discuss whether the variations of the cycle structure in the Russian tradition were caused by the absence of the alphabet acrostic in the Slavonic translation. The second category is studied both through examples of different fragments of the same poetic text illustrated by painters and through different symbolic verbal image interpretations by means of visual art in both traditions. The results of the comparative analysis demonstrate that Cretan painters were more creative in the visual interpretation of the poetic text’s symbolic background due to the fact that they interpreted the original text of the hymn in the context of the culture in which it was created. This provides numerous verbal and non-verbal connotations for each verbal sign of the text. On the other hand, the Russian iconographic tradition did not have this direct contact with the text due to the translation process it had gone through, as well as due to the semiotic gap between the source and the target culture. This is why it failed to display an equally as large number of symbolic interpretations. However, it did discover and emphasize other messages and connotations of the same poetic text which became more important in the context of that other culture. Therefore, the comparative study of religious art traditions helps us understand the various ways a single text that has close ties to the semiotic features of different cultures can be perceived and interpreted in said cultures

THE VALUE OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC INFORMATION IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/03.Environmental Economics and Policy,

Prospects and opportunities for the use of colour in the process of physical education of preschool children

In this article, on the basis of practical experience is considered "Technology impact color" in the physical development of children of preschool age. Tells of the positive influence of color on emotional status of preschoolers who take anti-TB drugsВ данной статье на основе практического опыта рассматривается «Технология воздействия цветом» в физическом развитии детей дошкольного возраста. Рассказывается о положительном влиянии цвета на эмоциональное состояние дошкольников, которые принимают противотуберкулезные лекарственные препарат

Horizontal plastic ballet - technology relaxation work with children of preschool age

Описано влияние нетрадиционных форм оздоровления, в частности горизонтального пластического балета, на эмоциональное и физическое развитие воспитанников. Отмечено его благоприятное воздействие на воспитанников, имеющих низкий уровень физического развития, которые принимают противотуберкулезные лекарственные препаратыDescribes the impact of non-traditional forms of healing, particularly the «Horizontal plastic ballet» on the emotional and physical development of pupils. Describes its favorable impact on pupils having low level of physical development that take anti-TB drug

Color in physical education of preschool children: perspectives, opportunities, solutions

In this article, on the basis of practical experience is considered «Technology impact color» in the physical development of children of preschool age. Tells of the positive influence of color on emotional status of preschoolers who take anti-TB drugsНа основе практического опыта рассматривается применение технологии воздействия цветом в физическом развитии детей дошкольного возраста. Рассказывается о положительном влиянии цвета на эмоциональное состояние дошкольников, которые принимают противотуберкулезные лекарственные препарат

Signature of a silver phase percolation threshold in microscopically phase separated ternary Ge0.15Se0.85-xAgx (0 <= x <= 0.20) glasses

Temperature modulated Alternating Differential Scanning Calorimetric (ADSC) studies show that Se rich Ge0.15Se0.85-xAgx (0 <= x <= 0.20) glasses are microscopically phase separated, containing Ag2Se phases embedded in a Ge0.15Se0.85 backbone. With increasing silver concentration, Ag2Se phase percolates in the Ge-Se matrix, with a well-defined percolation threshold at x = 0.10. A signature of this percolation transition is shown up in the thermal behavior, as the appearance of two exothermic crystallization peaks. Density, molar volume and micro-hardness measurements, undertaken in the present study, also strongly support this view of percolation transition. The super-ionic conduction observed earlier in these glasses at higher silver proportions, is likely to be connected with the silver phase percolation.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Pneumonia in patients on the background of blood cancer.

Problematic issues of etiologic diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia are being studied actively. At the same time specific features of pneumonia in patients with severe immune defects, against blood cancer including are studied insufficiently. By the result of microbiological examinations of 149 patients with pneumonia on the background of blood cancer, who have undergone treatment in hematological center of CE “Dnipropetrovsk local multi-field clinical hospital №4” in 2010-2012, bacterial causative agents were determined in 59,7% of accidents, among which gram-negative microorganisms made up 69,7%, gram-positive – 30,3%. In 63% of accidents the asso­ciations of causative agents were determined: the combination of fungal flora made up 58, 4% bacterial associations – 25, 8%. Invasive methods of research have demonstrated a considerably bigger informativeness in determination of possible etiological diagnosis of pneumonia. In determination of causative agent in fluid of brochoalveolar lavage the part of positive results made up 77,4% against 30,3% in examination of sputum

Age-related differences of the gaze pattern in a realistic pedestrian traffic task

Laboratory studies suggest that the gaze pattern changes in older age, both in seated and in walking persons. Here we investigate the gaze pattern in a more complex and realistic scenario: walking in a virtual-reality shopping precinct. Seventeen young and sixteen older adults walked at their preferred speed on a treadmill driven by their leg movements, thus controlling the presentation of a virtual 3D world on a screen 130 cm ahead. The screen showed a shopping street with stationary and moving objects, and with six pedestrian traffic lights of whom three turned red upon approach. Gaze direction was registered by a video-based system. We found that each glance at a traffic light took longer in older than in young persons, and the sum of all glances at a traffic light was longer as well. In effect, older persons looked at the traffic light equally long throughout all three light phases, while young ones gradually increased their inspection of the traffic light as the green phase went on. The observed change of the gaze pattern in older age could represent a compensatory strategy to facilitate spatial orientation and/or movement preparation, or it could reflect a deficit of gaze disengagement. Future research should disambiguate these alternatives. In any case, the observed change is detrimental for seniors’ sensorimotor performance in everyday scenarios

Football fans in the context of negative identity

The article deals with the issues, related to the existence of such a phenomenon of modern times as football fanaticism. The author analyzes the features of sports rooting, in general, and football fanaticism, in particular. The classification of football fans was proposed, and their main characteristics were described. Social markers, having an impact on the fan’s life and the existence of the fan group, were determined in the context of negative identity. The role of the phenomenon of football fanaticism in modern culture was considered in the articl