A Note on the Use of Ethnomedicine in Treatment of Diabetes by Mishing Communities

Ethnomedicinal field survey was conducted in few places of Sonitpur district and near by areas of Lakhimpur district of Assam, where diverse ethnic groups are living since time immemorial. The ethnic groups have very rich tradition of herbal medicines used in the treatment of various ailments. Among the tribal communities, Mishings constitute the largest group along with Bodos. The ethnomedicinal information was collected on the basis of interview and field studies with local healers among those communities. The identification of medicinal plants collected with help of indigenous healers was done. Such medicines have been shown to have significant healing power, either in their natural state or as the source of new products processed by them. Generally these formulations of crude products are considered moderate in efficacy and thus less toxic than most pharmaceutical agents. Our study is mainly concentrated with plants used in relation to cure of diabetes. In our report detail note on the method of preparation of precise dose, the part/parts of plants used and method of application is given. Scientific name, vernacular names and family names of collected plants are also given in the report

A Note on the use of Ethnomedicine in Treatment of Diabetes by Mishing Communities in Assam, India

Ethnomedicinal field surveys were conducted in several places of Sonitpur district and near by areas of Lakhimpur district in Assam, where diverse ethnic groups have lived since time immemorial. The ethnic groups have very rich tradition of herbal medicines used in the treatment of various ailments. Among the tribal communities, Mishings constitute the largest group along with Bodos. The ethnomedicinal information was collected on the basis of interview and field studies with local healers among those communities. Medicinal plants were collected and identified with help from indigenous healers. Such medicines have been shown to have significant healing power, either in their natural state or as the source of new products processed by them. Generally these formulations of crude products are considered moderate in efficacy and thus less toxic than most pharmaceutical agents. Our study is mainly concentrated with plants used in relation to cure of diabetes. In our report, detailed notes on the method of preparation, precise dosage, the part/parts of plants used and method of application is given. Scientific name, vernacular names and family names of the collected plants are also given in this report

Ontology Modelling for FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

Ontologies are relevant to a specific knowledge or application domain and it represents a set of concepts and their inter-relationships. Ontological design comprises of ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the techniques and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tools and language that support them. A possible ontology model for FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS), using METHONTOLOGY is proposed in this paper

Indigenous lac culture and local livelihood: a case study of Karbi community of Assam, North-Eastern India

The indigenous lac culture of Karbi community inhabiting West Karbi Anglong district of Assam is highlighted in this paper. A total of 114 knowledge holders were identified through chain referrals method from three representative villages of Ameri Block for the study. Karbis reared lac insects twice in a year on naturally growing host plants either in the forest areas or in homegardens. A total of eight unique host plants except Ziziphus mauritiana and Ficus religiosa were observed to be used by the community for rearing lac insect. They preferred bigger host plants such as, Ficus benghalensis, F. religiosa and Albizia lucidior due to higher lac yield and lesser labour requirement. An individual F. religiosa and F. benghalensis tree could produce about 120-200 kg of sticklac in a season. The average annual household production of sticklac ranged from 679 to 776 kg in the studied villages and contributed to about 25-30% of annual household income. Karbis traditionally use lac as natural dye, binding agent, polishing earthen pots and also as medicine for chest and joint pains. Factors like uncertain production, high fluctuation in market prices and unorganized nature of the venture have been identified as the major constraints for the sustainability and up-scaling the practice

Statistical modeling of wet and dry spell frequencies over North-East India

In this paper an attempt has been made to develop a discrete precipitation model for the daily series of precipitation occurrences over North East India. The point of approach is to model the duration of consecutive dry and wet days i.e. spell, instead of individual wet and dry days. Various distributions viz. uniform, geometric, logarithmic, negative binomial, Poisson and Markov chain of order one and two, Eggenberger-Polya distribution have been fitted to describe the wet and dry spell frequencies of occurrences. The models are fitted to the observed data of seven stations namely Imphal, Mohanbari, Guwahati, Cherrapunji, Silcoorie, North Bank and Tocklai (Jorhat) of North-East India with pronounced attention to summer monsoon season. The goodness of fit of the proposed model has been tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. It is observed that Eggenberger-Polya distribution fairly fits wet and dry spell frequencies and can be used in the future for an estimation of the wet and dry spells in the area under study

Comparative analysis of carboxymethyl cellulose and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide - low-solid nondispersed drilling mud with respect to property enhancement and shale inhibition

During drilling, different problems are encountered that can interfere with smooth drilling processes, including the accumulation of cuttings, reduced penetration rates, pipe sticking, loss of wellbore stability, and loss of circulation. These problems are generally encountered with conventional drilling mud, such as the bentonite-barite mud system. Formation damage is the most common problem encountered in bentonite mud systems with high solid content. In this work, we aimed to formulate two low-solid nondispersed (LSND) muds: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-LSND mud and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)-LSND mud. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their property enhancements. LSND muds aid in maintaining hole stability and proper cutting removal. The results of this work show that the addition of both CMC and PHPA helps to improve drilling fluid properties; however, the PHPA-LSND mud was found to be superior. Shale swelling is a major concern in the petroleum industry, as it causes various other problems, such as pipe sticking, low penetration rates, and bit wear. The effect of these two LSND polymer muds in inhibiting shale swelling was analyzed using shale collected from the Champhai district of Mizoram, India

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), excellent source of phytochemicals

Ocimum sanctum also known as Tulsi or Holybasil is an aromatic plant and it belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is widely used as medicine to cure various ailments. The objective of the study was to analyse different phytochemical components of tulsi leaf. The dried powder of Tulsi (50g) was placed in the thimble of Soxhlet apparatus and the experiment was done separately for methanol, ethanol and distilled water. The percentage yield was 8%w/w,7%w/w, and 5%w/w respectively. The study reveals that various secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, glycoside, terpenoid, fatty acids and phenol are present in tulsi leaf extract. From the quantitative analysis it was found that high amount of phenols are present in Tulsi leaf ranging from 1.6 to 7.6 percentages. Consequently the amount of alkaloid and flavonoids ranged from 0.91 to 1.28 and 1.56 to 2.24 percentages respectively. From the GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract three compounds were identified as major constituents viz., Eugenol , Benzene, 1, 2-dimethoxy- 4- (2- propenyl), α - Farnesene and Cyclohexane, 1, 2, 4- triethenyl. Thesephyto-chemicals are known to possess antiseptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antistress, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties. Hence it is more beneficial to use tulsi asan herbal medicine as compare to chemically synthesized drug

Multi density DBSCAN

Clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of class identification in spatial databases. However, the application to large spatial databases rises the following requirements for clustering algorithms: minimal requirements of domain knowledge to determine the input parameters, discovery of clusters with arbitrary shape and good efficiency on large databases.DBSCAN clustering algorithm relying on a density-based notion of clusters which is designed to discover clusters of arbitrary shape. DBSCAN requires only one input parameter and supports the user in determining an appropriate value for it. DBSCAN cannot find clusters based on difference in densities. We extend the DBSCAN algorithm so that it can also detect clusters that differ in densities and without the need to input the value of Eps because our algorithm can find the appropriate value for each cluster individually by replacing Eps by Local