Collinear second harmonic generations in a nonlinear photonic quasicrystal

LiNbO₃ nonlinear photonic quasicrystal with octagonal symmetry was fabricated. The collinear quasiphase matched second harmonic generations at 22 wavelengths were observed. It is shown that not only the standard type quasiphase matching but also the recently proposed projection-based quasiphase matching plays an important role in these harmonic generations.The financial support of Chinese Academy of Science, Max Plank Society, and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst DAAD is gratefully acknowledged

Otitis Media in Sperm-Associated Antigen 6 (Spag6)-Deficient Mice

Mammalian SPAG6 protein is localized to the axoneme central apparatus, and it is required for normal flagella and cilia motility. Recent studies demonstrated that the protein also regulates ciliogenesis and cilia polarity in the epithelial cells of brain ventricles and trachea. Motile cilia are also present in the epithelial cells of the middle ear and Eustachian tubes, where the ciliary system participates in the movement of serous fluid and mucus in the middle ear. Cilia defects are associated with otitis media (OM), presumably due to an inability to efficiently transport fluid, mucus and particles including microorganisms. We investigated the potential role of SPAG6 in the middle ear and Eustachian tubes by studying mice with a targeted mutation in theSpag6 gene. SPAG6 is expressed in the ciliated cells of middle ear epithelial cells. The orientation of the ciliary basal feet was random in the middle ear epithelial cells of Spag6-deficient mice, and there was an associated disrupted localization of the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein, FZD6. These features are associated with disordered cilia orientation, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which leads to uncoordinated cilia beating. The Spag6 mutant mice were also prone to develop OM. However, there were no significant differences in bacterial populations, epithelial goblet cell density, mucin expression and Eustachian tube angle between the mutant and wild-type mice, suggesting that OM was due to accumulation of fluid and mucus secondary to the ciliary dysfunction. Our studies demonstrate a role for Spag6 in the pathogenesis of OM in mice, possibly through its role in the regulation of cilia/basal body polarity through the PCP-dependent mechanisms in the middle ear and Eustachian tubes

Frailty in Older Adults with Heart Failure.

Frailty is prevalent in older adults with heart failure (HF), which increases their risk for basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) disability and a diminished quality of life (QOL). However, the issue of conceptualizing frailty remains unresolved. To date, the two predominant frailty models are the Fried model, which defines frailty as purely physical, and the Gobben model, which defines frailty as multi-domain with physical, psychological, and social domains. An integrative literature review of frailty components in existing frailty measures was conducted. The most commonly used frailty components were mobility and balance, nutrition, and cognitive function. Next, a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to compare the capacity of the Fried model and the Gobbens model to predict ADL/IADL disability and QOL. Compared to the Fried physical frailty model, the inclusion of psychological components from the Gobbens model significantly increased the power to predict ADL/IADL disability, while the psychological and social components from the Gobbens’ model significantly increased the ability to predict QOL. These findings support the view that frailty is a multidimensional syndrome with three domains (physical, psychological, and social). The levels of the three frailty domains were then compared, and older adults with HF were found to have higher levels of frailty across all three domains compared to older adults without HF. Lastly, a longitudinal examination of multidimensional frailty in older adults with HF was conducted, using HRS data collected at two time-points (2006/2008 to 2010/2012) from two cohorts. Across the two time-points, older adults with HF had higher levels of frailty across all three domains compared to older adults without HF. All HF and three frailty domains were associated with increased risks of ADL/IADL disability and decreased QOL. Each frailty domain mediated the relationship between HF and outcomes (ADL/IADL disability and QOL). The findings in this dissertation support frailty as a multidimensional syndrome. These findings have implications for the development of tailored, broad-based intervention aimed at preventing frailty or delaying its onset to reduce adverse outcomes of ADL/IADL disability and decreased QOL.PhDNursingUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113571/1/xieboqin_1.pd

Economic Evaluation Of Water Production Management With Rpm (Relative Permability Modifier) Treatment Based On Gross Split Contract In “Re” Well In “Dn" Field

The "RE" well in the "DN" field is an oil well produced in June 2004 with an initial water cut value of 15% as time went on there was a fairly high increase in the water cut value reaching 97% which means that it caused increased water production. and oil production decreased from 387 BOPD to 11 BOPD. Appropriate handling in overcoming excessive water production, one of which is by using a method that can selectively restrain water production without restraining hydrocarbon production with RPM (Relative Permeability Modifier) ​​Treatment. RPM (Relative Permeability Modifier) ​​is a type of polymer with a high molecular weight as the main molecule of RPM. RPM can be done without isolating the layer zone so that it can be injected bullhead into all layer zones to reduce water permeability. This final project research has been seen from increasing the rate of oil production and decreasing the water cut. The selected well is the "RE" well in the "DN" field which has an increasing water cut value and decreased oil production. Then calculate the economy using the gross split method to calculate the feasibility level of the RPM (Relative Permeability Modifier) ​​Treatment project. &nbsp

The Misunderstanding About Inquiry Teaching in High Education in China

Inquiry teaching has got great development and achieved remarkable results in China, but the problems still exist in the teaching practice of primary education. This paper analyzes the formal problem of inquiry teaching, pointed out that there are four misunderstanding about inquiry teaching: Firstly, inquiry teaching is experimental course; Secondly, inquiry teaching has curing routines; Thirdly, inquiry teaching can replace the other teaching methods; Fourthly, inquiry teaching is not conducive to improve test scores. The misunderstanding of inquiry teaching affected teaching effect. Based on the above analysis, this paper try to explores the main cause of inquiry teaching formal problems from the subjective perspective, in order to seek the way to overcome the formal problems of inquiry teaching

Learning on The Fingertips: The Opportunities and Challenges of Educational Apps

Today, using spare time to learn is the key demands of mobile education field. With the characteristics of portability, educational Apps highly fit for this kind of demands, and contribute to the learning style on the fingertip, it becoming the new growth direction and growing point of mobile education. The understanding of the present situation and Prospect of educational Apps is the basis for further research on educational Apps. Based on introduction of educational Apps, this paper discussed the opportunities and challenges of educational Apps faced: mobile terminal and wireless network, the use habit of the user, mobile learning and online education market create good conditions for the development of educational Apps, at the same time, the imbalance of development, poor quality and unclear business model is the restriction factors of the development of educational Apps. This paper points out that enhance the quality, balanced development, enrich and develop market strategy is the key to make a breakthrough in the predicament, realize rapid development of educational Apps. Key words: Educational Apps, Mobile education, Mobile education Applicatio

Will Philosophy for Children Take Hold in Mainland China? Observations and Thoughts on the July, 1997 Workshop in Kunming, China

This report on the first philosophy for children workshop in the People’s Republic of China, conducted by Philip C. Guin and Laurance Splitter 25-31 July 1997 at Southern Station Elementary School in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, concludes the workshop proved a success in every respect

PSR J1926-0652: A Pulsar with Interesting Emission Properties Discovered at FAST

We describe PSR J1926-0652, a pulsar recently discovered with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Using sensitive single-pulse detections from FAST and long-term timing observations from the Parkes 64-m radio telescope, we probed phenomena on both long and short time scales. The FAST observations covered a wide frequency range from 270 to 800 MHz, enabling individual pulses to be studied in detail. The pulsar exhibits at least four profile components, short-term nulling lasting from 4 to 450 pulses, complex subpulse drifting behaviours and intermittency on scales of tens of minutes. While the average band spacing P3 is relatively constant across different bursts and components, significant variations in the separation of adjacent bands are seen, especially near the beginning and end of a burst. Band shapes and slopes are quite variable, especially for the trailing components and for the shorter bursts. We show that for each burst the last detectable pulse prior to emission ceasing has different properties compared to other pulses. These complexities pose challenges for the classic carousel-type models.Comment: 13pages with 12 figure

The Structure of the New Curricula in New Round Ordinary High Schools in China

The author first discusses the structural relationship of the learning fields, subjects and modules, and then expatiated on their exhibition in the new high school physic curricula